@article{AmjadNsiahHiltetal.2021,
  author    = {Zubair Amjad and Kofi Atta Nsiah and Beno{\^i}t Hilt and Jean-Philippe Lauffenburger and Axel Sikora},
  title     = {Latency reduction for narrowband URLLC networks: a performance evaluation},
  series   = {Wireless Networks : The Journal of Mobile Communication, Computation and Information},
  volume    = {27},
  publisher = {Springer},
  issn      = {1572-8196 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11276-021-02553-x},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ofb1-opus4-53655},
  pages     = {2577 -- 2593},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Fifth-generation (5G) cellular mobile networks are expected to support mission-critical low latency applications in addition to mobile broadband services, where fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks are unable to support Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). However, it might be interesting to understand which latency requirements can be met with both 4G and 5G networks. In this paper, we discuss (1) the components contributing to the latency of cellular networks and (2) evaluate control-plane and user-plane latencies for current-generation narrowband cellular networks and point out the potential improvements to reduce the latency of these networks, (3) present, implement and evaluate latency reduction techniques for latency-critical applications. The two elements we detected, namely the short transmission time interval and the semi-persistent scheduling are very promising as they allow to shorten the delay to processing received information both into the control and data planes. We then analyze the potential of latency reduction techniques for URLLC applications. To this end, we develop these techniques into the long term evolution (LTE) module of ns-3 simulator and then evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques into two different application fields: industrial automation and intelligent transportation systems. Our detailed evaluation results from simulations indicate that LTE can satisfy the low-latency requirements for a large choice of use cases in each field.},
  language  = {en}
}