@article{SandhaasKimHartmann2022,
  author    = {Anna Sandhaas and Hanhee Kim and Niklas Hartmann},
  title     = {Methodology for Generating Synthetic Load Profiles for Different Industry Types},
  series   = {Energies},
  volume    = {15},
  number    = {10},
  editor    = {Matti Lehtonen and Sasa Djokic and Jan Desmet and Lidija M. Korunović},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en15103683},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ofb1-opus4-57676},
  pages     = {1 -- 29},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {To achieve its climate goals, the German industry has to undergo a transformation toward renewable energies. To analyze this transformation in energy system models, the industry’s electricity demands have to be provided in a high temporal and sectoral resolution, which, to date, is not the case due to a lack of open-source data. In this paper, a methodology for the generation of synthetic electricity load profiles is described; it was applied to 11 industry types. The modeling was based on the normalized daily load profiles for eight electrical end-use applications. The profiles were then further refined by using the mechanical processes of different branches. Finally, a fluctuation was applied to the profiles as a stochastic attribute. A quantitative RMSE comparison between real and synthetic load profiles showed that the developed method is especially accurate for the representation of loads from three-shift industrial plants. A procedure of how to apply the synthetic load profiles to a regional distribution of the industry sector completes the methodology.},
  language  = {en}
}