@article{OpitzTreffinger2014,
  author    = {Florian Opitz and Peter Treffinger},
  title     = {Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage Model - Generalized Approach and Experimental Validation},
  series   = {Applied Thermal Engineering},
  volume    = {73},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  issn      = {1359-4311},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.07.057},
  pages     = {245 -- 252},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Packed beds serve as thermal energy storages (TES) and heat exchangers (HEX) in different technological applications. In this paper, a general heterogeneous model of heat transfer in packed beds is developed. It is implemented by lumped element formulation in object-oriented modeling language Modelica and is successful validated with data sets taken from two different experiments reported in literature. The main advantages of the introduced model are the general, theory-based approach and the lumped element formulation in Modelica. The first point mentioned above should allow to simulate a packed bed TES/HEX without the necessity applying measured data for model calibration or to apply specific heat transfer correlations with restricted application. The second point establishes the possibility to integrate the TES/HEX model within plant models of larger scale without increasing the simulation time drastically.},
  language  = {en}
}