@article{BaoBessler2015,
  author    = {Cheng Bao and Wolfgang G. Bessler},
  title     = {Two-dimensional modeling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with long flow channel. Part I. Model development},
  series   = {Journal of Power Sources},
  volume    = {275},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  issn      = {1873-2755 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.058},
  pages     = {922 -- 934},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {A two-dimensional single-phase model is developed for the steady-state and transient analysis of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Based on diluted and concentrated solution theories, viscous flow is introduced into a phenomenological multi-component modeling framework in the membrane. Characteristic variables related to the water uptake are discussed. A Butler–Volmer formulation of the current-overpotential relationship is developed based on an elementary mechanism of electrochemical oxygen reduction. Validated by using published V–I experiments, the model is then used to analyze the effects of operating conditions on current output and water management, especially net water transport coefficient along the channel. For a power PEMFC, the long-channel configuration is helpful for internal humidification and anode water removal, operating in counterflow mode with proper gas flow rate and humidity. In time domain, a typical transient process with closed anode is also investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}