@inproceedings{RomanovGringoliSikora2020,
  author    = {Alexey M. Romanov and Francesco Gringoli and Axel Sikora},
  title     = {High Precision Synchronization between Commercial WiFi-ICs and External Device},
  series = {2019 16th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn      = {978-1-7281-2082-9 (digital)},
  issn      = {2164-9758},
  doi       = {10.1109/WPNC47567.2019.8970260},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Wireless synchronization of industrial controllers is a challenging task in environments where wired solutions are not practical. The best solutions proposed so far to solve this problem require pretty expensive and highly specialized FPGA-based devices. With this work we counter the trend by introducing a straightforward approach to synchronize a fairly cheap IEEE 802.11 integrated wireless chip (IWC) with external devices. More specifically we demonstrate how we can reprogram the software running in the 802.11 IWC of the Raspberry Pi 3B and transform the receiver input potential of the wireless transceiver into a triggering signal for an external inexpensive FPGA. Experimental results show a mean-square synchronization error of less than 496 ns, while the absolute synchronization error does not exceed 6 μs. The jitter of the output signal that we obtain after synchronizing the clock of the external device did not exceed 5.2 μs throughout the whole measurement campaign. Even though we do not score new records in term of accuracy, we do in terms of complexity, cost, and availability of the required components: all these factors make the proposed technique a very promising of the deployment of large-scale low-cost automation solutions.},
  language  = {en}
}