@inproceedings{KornGayGouveiaetal.2020,
  author    = {Oliver Korn and James Gay and Ruben Gouveia and Lea Buchweitz and Annika Sabrina Schulz and Moritz Umfahrer},
  title     = {Tactile Navigation with Checkpoints as Progress Indicators?: Only when Walking Longer Straight Paths},
  series = {PETRA '20: Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  address   = {New York},
  organization    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  isbn      = {978-1-4503-7773-7},
  doi       = {10.1145/3389189.3392605},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Persons with both vision and hearing impairments have to rely primarily on tactile feedback, which is frequently used in assistive devices. We explore the use of checkpoints as a way to give them feedback during navigation tasks. Particularly, we investigate how checkpoints can impact performance and user experience. We hypothesized that individuals receiving checkpoint feedback would take less time and perceive the navigation experience as superior to those who did not receive such feedback. Our contribution is two-fold: a detailed report on the implementation of a smart wearable with tactile feedback (1), and a user study analyzing its effects (2). The results show that in contrast to our assumptions, individuals took considerably more time to complete routes with checkpoints. Also, they perceived navigating with checkpoints as inferior to navigating without checkpoints. While the quantitative data leave little room for doubt, the qualitative data open new aspects: when walking straight and not being \"overwhelmed\" by various forms of feedback in succession, several participants actually appreciated the checkpoint feedback.},
  language  = {en}
}