TY  - JOUR
U1  - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed)
A1  - Schwantes, Rebecca
A1  - Chavan, Kirtiraj
A1  - Winter, Daniel
A1  - Felsmann, Clemens
A1  - Pfafferott, Jens
T1  - Techno-economic comparison of membrane distillation and MVC in a zero liquid discharge application
JF  - Desalination
N2  - Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven membrane process for the separation of vapour from a liquid stream through a hydrophobic, microporous membrane. However, a commercial breakthrough on a large scale has not been achieved so far. Specific developments on MD technology are required to adapt the technology for applications in which its properties can potentially outshine state of the art technologies such as standard evaporation. In order to drive these developments in a focused manner, firstly it must be shown that MD can be economically attractive in comparison to state of the art systems. Thus, this work presents a technological design and economic analysis for AGMD and v-AGMD for application in a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process chain and compares it to the costs of mechanical vapour compression (MVC) for the same application. The results show that MD can potentially be ~40% more cost effective than MVC for a system capacity of 100 m3/day feed water, and up to ~75% more cost effective if the MD is driven with free waste heat.
KW  - Membrane distillation
KW  - Zero liquid discharge
KW  - System design
KW  - Techno-economic analysis
Y1  - 2018
UN  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bsz:ofb1-opus4-30249
SN  - 0011-9164
SS  - 0011-9164
U6  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.11.026
DO  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.11.026
IS  - 428
SP  - 50
EP  - 68
PB  - Elsevier
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
U1  - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed)
A1  - Schwantes, Rebecca
A1  - Bauer, Lorenz
A1  - Chavan, Kirtiraj
A1  - Dücker, Dennis
A1  - Felsmann, Clemens
A1  - Pfafferott, Jens
T1  - Air gap membrane distillation for hypersaline brine concentration: Operational analysis of a full-scale module–New strategies for wetting mitigation
JF  - Desalination
N2  - Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal separation process which possesses a hydrophobic, microporous
membrane as vapor space. A high potential application for MD is the concentration of hypersaline brines, such as
e.g. reverse osmosis retentate or other saline effluents to be concentrated to a near saturation level with a Zero
Liquid Discharge process chain. In order to further commercialize MD for these target applications, adapted MD
module designs are required along with strategies for the mitigation of membrane wetting phenomena. This
work presents the experimental results of pilot operation with an adapted Air Gap Membrane Distillation
(AGMD) module for hypersaline brine concentration within a range of 0–240 g NaCl /kg solution. Key performance
indicators such as flux, GOR and thermal efficiency are analyzed. A new strategy for wetting mitigation
by active draining of the air gap channel by low pressure air blowing is tested and analyzed. Only small reductions
in flux and GOR of 1.2% and 4.1% respectively, are caused by air sparging into the air gap channel.
Wetting phenomena are significantly reduced by avoiding stagnant distillate in the air gap making the air blower
a seemingly worth- while additional system component.
KW  - Membrane distillation Wetting mitigation Brine concentration Draw solution recovery
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.06.012
DO  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.06.012
IS  - 444
SP  - 13
EP  - 25
PB  - Elsevier
ER  -