Open Access

Lars Christian Schwalm, Dominik Fohrmann, Marcelle Schaffarczyk, Thomas Gronwald, Steffen Willwacher, Karsten Hollander

• Purpose: This study aimed to compare running economy across habituated and nonhabituated advanced footwear technology (AFT) in trained long-distance runners. Methods: A total of 16 participants completed up to six 5-minute trials in 1 to 3 pairs of their own habituated shoes and 3 different and standardized AFTs at individual marathon pace. We measured oxygen uptake and carbon dioxidePurpose: This study aimed to compare running economy across habituated and nonhabituated advanced footwear technology (AFT) in trained long-distance runners. Methods: A total of 16 participants completed up to six 5-minute trials in 1 to 3 pairs of their own habituated shoes and 3 different and standardized AFTs at individual marathon pace. We measured oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production and expressed running economy as oxygen uptake (in milliliters oxygen per kilogram per minute), oxygen cost of transport (oxygen per kilogram per minute), energetic cost (in watts per kilogram), and energetic cost of transport (in joules per kilogram per kilometer). We used linear mixed-effect models to evaluate differences. Relative shoe weight and shoe mileage (distance worn during running) were covariates. Results: Forty-eight standardized and 29 individual AFT conditions were measured (mileage 117.0 [128.8] km, range 0–522 km; 25 habituated 135.7 [129.2] km, range 20–522 km; 4 nonhabituated 0 [0] km, range 0–0 km). Rating of perceived exertion, blood [La], and respiratory exchange ratio ranged from 9 to 15, 1.11 to 4.54 mmol/L, and 0.76 to 1.01. There was no effect for habituation on energetic cost of transport (thabituation = −.232, P = .409, b = −0.006; 95% CI, −0.058 to 0.046) or other running economy metrics. Neither shoe weight nor shoe mileage had an effect. Conclusions: Our results suggest that habituation to AFTs does not result in greater benefits in the use of AFTs. This means that implementation in training may not be needed, even if we cannot rule out any other possible benefits of habituation at this stage, such as adaptation of the musculoskeletal system.…