Open Access

Martin Zimmermann

• Visual programming languages (VPL) let users develop software programs by combining visual program elements, like lists of objects, loops or conditional statements rather than by specifying them textually. Humanoid robots programming is a very attractive and motivating application domain for students, especially for programming beginners. Humanoid robots are constructed in such a way that theyVisual programming languages (VPL) let users develop software programs by combining visual program elements, like lists of objects, loops or conditional statements rather than by specifying them textually. Humanoid robots programming is a very attractive and motivating application domain for students, especially for programming beginners. Humanoid robots are constructed in such a way that they mimic the human body by using actuators that perform like muscles. Typically, a humanoid robot consists of sensors and actuators, i.e. torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some humanoid robots may replicate only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. In some cases, humanoid robots are equipped with heads designed to replicate additional human facial features such as eyes. Additional sensors are needed by a robot to gather information about the conditions of the environment to allow the robot to make necessary decisions about its position or certain actions that the situation requires, e.g. an arm movement or an open/close hand action. Other examples for sensor are reflective infrared sensors used to detect objects in proximity. In this work, we introduce a use-case centered approach based on sensors and actors of a robot and a workflow model to visually describe the sequence of actions including conditional actions or concurrent actions. We provide an in-depth discussion of a new VPL based teaching method for programming humanoid robots based on VPLs. Open research challenges, limits and perspectives for further development of our teaching approach are discussed as well.…