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Antibiotics and sweeteners in the aquatic environment: biodegradability, formation of phototransformation products, and in vitro toxicity

  • In the present study, in vitro toxicity as well as biopersistence and photopersistence of four artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharine, and sucralose) and five antibiotics (levofloxacin, lincomycin, linezolid, marbofloxacin, and sarafloxacin) and of their phototransformation products (PTPs) were investigated. Furthermore, antibiotic activity was evaluated after UV irradiation andIn the present study, in vitro toxicity as well as biopersistence and photopersistence of four artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharine, and sucralose) and five antibiotics (levofloxacin, lincomycin, linezolid, marbofloxacin, and sarafloxacin) and of their phototransformation products (PTPs) were investigated. Furthermore, antibiotic activity was evaluated after UV irradiation and after exposure to inocula of a sewage treatment plant. The study reveals that most of the tested compounds and their PTPs were neither readily nor inherently biodegradable in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-biodegradability tests. The study further demonstrates that PTPs are formed upon irradiation with an Hg lamp (UV light) and, to a lesser extent, upon irradiation with a Xe lamp (mimics sunlight). Comparing the nonirradiated with the corresponding irradiated solutions, a higher chronic toxicity against bacteria was found for the irradiated solutions of linezolid. Neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity was found in human cervical (HeLa) and liver (Hep-G2) cells for any of the investigated compounds or their PTPs. Antimicrobial activity of the tested fluoroquinolones was reduced after UV treatment, but it was not reduced after a 28-day exposure to inocula of a sewage treatment plant. This comparative study shows that PTPs can be formed as a result of UV treatment. The study further demonstrated that UV irradiation can be effective in reducing the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics, and consequently may help to reduce antimicrobial resistance in wastewaters. Nevertheless, the study also highlights that some PTPs may exhibit a higher ecotoxicity than the respective parent compounds. Consequently, UV treatment does not transform all micropollutants into harmless compounds and may not be a large-scale effluent treatment option.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Document Type:Article (reviewed)
Zitierlink: https://opus.hs-offenburg.de/1886
Bibliografische Angaben
Title (English):Antibiotics and sweeteners in the aquatic environment: biodegradability, formation of phototransformation products, and in vitro toxicity
Author:Marlies Bergheim, Richard Gminski, Bernd SpangenbergStaff MemberORCiDGND, Malgorzata Debiak, Alexander Bürkle, Volker Mersch-Sundermann, Klaus Kümmerer, Reto Gieré
Year of Publication:2015
Publisher:Springer
First Page:18017
Last Page:18030
Parent Title (English):Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume:22
ISSN:0944-1344
ISSN:1614-7499 (eISSN)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4831-x
Language:English
Inhaltliche Informationen
Institutes:Fakultät Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik (M+V)
Institutes:Bibliografie
GND Keyword:Trinkwasser; Umweltbelastung
Tag:HeLa cells; Hep-G2 cells; Irradiation; Micropollutants; Photodegradation; UV; Vibrio fischeri
Formale Angaben
Open Access: Closed Access 
Licence (German):License LogoUrheberrechtlich geschützt