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Spectral monitoring of toluene and ethanol in gasoline blends using Fourier-Transform Raman spectroscopy

  • The combination of fossil-derived fuels with ethanol and methanol has acquired relevance and attention in several countries in recent years. This trend is strongly affected by market prices, constant geopolitical events, new sustainability policies, new laws and regulations, etc. Besides bio-fuels these materials also include different additives as anti-shock agents and as octane enhancer. Some ofThe combination of fossil-derived fuels with ethanol and methanol has acquired relevance and attention in several countries in recent years. This trend is strongly affected by market prices, constant geopolitical events, new sustainability policies, new laws and regulations, etc. Besides bio-fuels these materials also include different additives as anti-shock agents and as octane enhancer. Some of the chemical compounds in these additives may have harmful properties for both environment and public health (besides the inherent properties, like volatility). We present detailed Raman spectral information from toluene (C7H8) and ethanol (C2H6O) contained in samples of ElO gasoline-ethanol blends. The spectral information has been extracted by using a robust, high resolution Fourier-Transform Raman spectrometer (FT-Raman) prototype. This spectral information has been also compared with Raman spectra from pure additives and with standard Raman lines in order to validate its accuracy in frequency. The spectral information is presented in the range of 0 cm-1 to 3500 cm-1 with a resolution of 1.66cm-1. This allows resolving tight adjacent Raman lines like the ones observed around 1003cm-1 and 1030cm-1 (characteristic lines of toluene). The Raman spectra obtained show a reduced frequency deviation when compared to standard Raman spectra from different calibration materials. The FT-Raman spectrometer prototype used for the analysis consist basically of a Michelson interferometer and a self-designed photon counter cooled down on a Peltier element arrangement. The light coupling is achieved with conventional62.5/125μm multi-mode fibers. This FT-Raman setup is able to extract high resolution and frequency precise Raman spectra from the additives in the fuels analyzed. The proposed prototype has no additional complex hardware components or costly software modules. The mechanical and thermal disturbances affecting the FT-Raman system are mathematically compensated by accurately extracting the optical path information of the Michelson interferometer. This is accomplished by generating an additional interference pattern with a λ = 632.8 nm Helium-Neon laser (HeNe laser). It enables the FT-Raman system to perform reliable and clean spectral measurements from the materials under observation.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Document Type:Conference Proceeding
Conference Type:Konferenzartikel
Zitierlink: https://opus.hs-offenburg.de/1399
Bibliografische Angaben
Title (English):Spectral monitoring of toluene and ethanol in gasoline blends using Fourier-Transform Raman spectroscopy
Conference:SPIE Optical Metrology 2013, 13-16 May 2013, Munich, Germany
Author:Valentin Ortega ClaveroStaff MemberGND, Andreas WeberStaff Member, Werner SchröderStaff MemberGND, Dan CurticapeanStaff MemberGND, Patrick L. Meyrueis, Nicolas Javahiraly
Year of Publication:2013
Creating Corporation:Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
Place of publication:Bellingham, Washington
Publisher:SPIE
First Page:878834-1
Last Page:878834-8
Article Number:878834
Parent Title (English):Proceedings of SPIE: Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VIII
Editor:Peter H. Lehmann, Wolfgang Osten, Armando Albertazzi
Volume:8788
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2020780
Language:English
Inhaltliche Informationen
Institutes:Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (E+I) (bis 03/2019)
Institutes:Bibliografie
GND Keyword:Kraftstoff; Spektroskopie
Formale Angaben
Open Access: Closed Access 
Licence (German):License LogoUrheberrechtlich geschützt