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Strong security measures are required to protect sensitive data and provide ongoing service as a result of the rising reliance on online applications for a range of purposes, including e-commerce, social networking, and commercial activities. This has brought to light the necessity of strengthening security measures. There have been multiple incidents of attackers acquiring access to information, holding providers hostage with distributed denial of service attacks, or accessing the company’s network by compromising the application.
The Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) has published a comprehensive set of information security principles and standards that can be utilized as a solid basis for the development of a web application that is secure.
The purpose of this thesis is to build and construct a secure web application that adheres to the requirements established in the BSI guideline. This will be done in order to answer the growing concerns regarding the security of web applications. We will also evaluate the efficacy of the recommendations by conducting security tests on the prototype application and determining whether or not the vulnerabilities that are connected with a web application that is not secure have been mitigated.
Risk-based Cybermaturity Assessment Model - Protecting the company against ransomware attacks
(2023)
Ransomware has become one of the most catastrophic attacks in the previous decade, hurting businesses of all sorts worldwide. So, no organization is safe, and most companies are reviewing their ransomware defensive solutions to avoid business and operational hazards. IT departments are using cybersecurity maturity assessment frameworks like CMMC, C2M2, CMMI, NIST, CIS, CPP, and others to analyze organization security capabilities. In addition to maturity assessment models for the process layer and human pillar, there are much research on the analysis, identification, and defense of cyber threats in product/software layers that propose state-of-the-art approaches.
This motivates a comprehensive ransomware cyber security solution. Then, a crucial question arises: “How companies can measure the security maturity of controls in a specific danger for example for Ransomware attack?” Several studies and frameworks addressed this subject.
Complexity of understanding the ransomware attack, Lack of comprehensive ransomware defense solutions and Lack of cybermaturity assessment model for ransomware defense solutions are different aspects of problem statement in this study. By considering the most important limitations to developing a ransomware defense cybermaturity assessment method, this study developed a cybermaturity assessment methodology and implemented a Toolkit to conduct cyber security self-assessment specifically for ransomware attack to provide a clearer vision for enterprises to analyze the security maturity of controls regardless of industry or size.
Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde nach der Vorgehensweise des BSI-Standard 200-3 eine Risikoidentifikation und -bewertung des KRITIS-Sektors Transport und Verkehr durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurden die Bedeutung dieses Sektors für die deutsche Wirtschaft, die Digitalisierung in diesem Sektor sowie die Funktionsweise, Anwendung und Schwachstellen cyber-physischer Systeme aufgezeigt. Als Anwendungsfall diente dabei der Ausschnitt eines operativen Prozesses eines fiktiven Unternehmens des Sektors Transport und Verkehr.
As the Industry 4.0 is evolving, the previously separated Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) is converging. Connecting devices in the industrial setting to the Internet exposes these systems to a broader spectrum of cyber-attacks. The reason is that since OT does not have much security measures as much as IT, it is more vulnerable from the attacker's perspective. Another factor contributing to the vulnerability of OT is that, when it comes to cybersecurity, industries have focused on protecting information technology and less prioritizing the control systems. The consequences of a security breach in an OT system can be more adverse as it can lead to physical damage, industrial accidents and physical harm to human beings. Hence, for the OT networks, certificate-based authentication is implemented. This involves stages of managing credentials in their communication endpoints. In the previous works of ivESK, a solution was developed for managing credentials. This involves a CANopen-based physical demonstrator where the certificate management processes were developed. The extended feature set involving certificate management will be based on the existing solution. The thesis aims to significantly improve such a solution by addressing two key areas that is enhancing functionality and optimizing real-time performance. Regarding the first goal, firstly, an analysis of the existing feature set shall be carried out, where the correct functionality shall be guaranteed. The limitations from the previously implemented system will be addressed and to make sure it can be applied to real world scenarios, it will be implemented and tested in the physical demonstrator. This will lay a concrete foundation that these certificate management processes can be used in the industries in large-scale networks. Implementation of features like revocation mechanism for certificates, automated renewal of the credentials and authorization attribute checks for the certificate management will be implemented. Regarding the second goal, the impact of credential management processes on the ongoing CANopen real-time traffic shall be a studied. Since in real life scenarios, mission-critical applications like Industrial control systems, medical devices, and transportation networks rely on real-time communication for reliable operation, delays or disruptions caused by credential management processes can have severe consequences. Optimizing these processes is crucial for maintaining system integrity and safety. The effect to minimize the disturbance of the credential management processes on the normal operation of the CANopen network shall be characterized. This shall comprise testing real-time parameters in the network such as CPU load, network load and average delay. Results obtained from each of these tests will be studied.
In dem letzten Jahr, welches von der Corona Pandemie geprägt war, wurde das Arbeiten von zu Hause aus durch die Unternehmen stark vorangetrieben. Auch wenn dies zuerst nur als Übergangslösung gesehen wurde, scheint dieser Trend sich auch nach der Pandemie fortzusetzen. In den meisten Heimnetzwerken ist die IT-Sicherheit allerdings deutlich schwächer ausgebaut, als dies in Unternehmen ist.
Da die Umstellung in das Home-Office sehr schnell durchgeführt wurde, sehen sich viele Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitgeber mit dieser Situation überfordert, auch im Heimnetzwerk des Anwenders für eine geeignete Sicherheit zu sorgen. In dieser Ausarbeitung werden daher einzelne Angriffe auf IT-Systeme im Heimnetzwerk aufgegriffen sowie Lösungsansätze, um eine sichere Heimnetzwerkumgebung zu schaffen.
As information technology continues to advance at a rapid speed around the world, new difficulties emerge. The growing number of organizational vulnerabilities is among the most important issues. Finding and mitigating vulnerabilities is critical in order to protect an organization’s environment from multiple attack vectors.
The study investigates and comprehends the complete vulnerability management process from the standpoint of the security officer job role, as well as potential improvements. Few strategies are used to achieve efficient mitigation and the de- velopment of a process for tracking and mitigating vulnerabilities. As a result, a qualitative study is conducted in which the objective is to create a proposed vulner- ability and risk management process, as well as to develop a system for analyzing and tracking vulnerabilities and presenting the vulnerabilities in a graphical dash- board format. This thesis’s data was gathered through an organized literature study as well as through the use of various web resources. We explored numerous ap- proaches to analyze the data, such as categorizing the vulnerabilities every 30, 60, and 90 days to see whether the vulnerabilities were reoccurring or new. According to our findings, tracking vulnerabilities can be advantageous for a security officer.
We come to the conclusion that if an organization has a proper vulnerability tracking system and vulnerability management process, it can aid security officers in having a better understanding of and making plans for reducing vulnerabilities. In terms of system patching and vulnerability remediation, it will also assist the security officer in identifying areas of weakness in the process. As a result, the suggested ways provide an alternate approach to managing and tracking vulnerabilities in an effective manner, although there is still a small area that needs additional analysis and research to make it even better.
Linux and Linux-based operating systems have been gaining more popularity among the general users and among developers. Many big enterprises and large companies are using Linux for servers that host their websites, some even require their developers to have knowledge about Linux OS. Even in embedded systems one can find many Linux-based OS that run them. With its increasing popularity, one can deduce the need to secure such a system that many personnel rely on, be it to protect the data that it stores or to protect the integrity of the system itself, or even to protect the availability of the services it offers. Many researchers and Linux enthusiasts have been coming up with various ways to secure Linux OS, however new vulnerabilities and new bugs are always found, by malicious attackers, with every update or change, which calls for the need of more ways to secure these systems.
This Thesis explores the possibility and feasibility of another way to secure Linux OS, specifically securing the terminal of such OS, by altering the commands of the terminal, getting in the way of attackers that have gained terminal access and delaying, giving more time for the response teams and for forensics to stop the attack, minimize the damage, restore operations, and to identify collect and store evidence of the cyber-attack. This research will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various security measures and compare and contrast with the method suggested in this research.
This research is significant because it paints a better picture of what the state of the art of Linux and Linux-based operating systems security looks like, and it addresses the concerns of security enthusiasts, while exploring new uncharted area of security that have been looked at as a not so significant part of protecting the OSes out of concern of the various limitations and problems it entails. This research will address these concerns while exploring few ways to solve them, as well as addressing the ideal areas and situations in which the proposed method can be used, and when would such method be more of a burden than help if used.
Die folgende Arbeit thematisiert ein Konzept zur Automatisierung von Firewall-Audits und die Implementierung eines Tools zur Durchführung. Für das Audit relevante Aspekte von NGFWs werden ausgewählt und näher erläutert. Diese bestehen aus der Objektdatenbank, Firewall-Regelwerken und VPN-Konfigurationen. Die Analyse der Daten basiert auf einerseits eigens erstellten Kriterien, andererseits auf Empfehlungen des BSI und des NIST. Zusätzlich wird auf Basis von NIST Recommended Practices und dem CVSS der „Awareness Score“ eingeführt, der auf Fehlkonfigurationen innerhalb des Firewall-Regelwerks aufmerksam machen soll. Das Konzept für das Tool sieht vor, Firewalls mehrerer Hersteller, darunter Cisco, Checkpoint und Sophos, auditieren zu können. Die Implementierung wurde aus zeitlichen Gründen nur für Firewalls des Herstellers Cisco durchgeführt. Für die Analyse wird ein einheitliches Firewall-Modell erzeugt. So sollen auch Firewalls anderer Hersteller zu dem Tool hinzugefügt werden können. Die Ergebnisse des Audits werden in einem Bericht dargestellt.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, Covert Channels zu identifizieren und zu analysieren. Dazu zählen unter anderem die Robustheit der Kanäle und inwieweit Informationen bei der Kommunikation verloren gehen können. Durch die Ergebnisse kann aufgezeigt werden, ob sich Videospiele als Plattform für verdeckte Kommunikation eignen.