Refine
Document Type
Conference Type
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (7) (remove)
Keywords
- Batteries Lithium (1)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (1)
- Electrochemical Engineering (1)
- Energy Storage (1)
- Fahrzeugentwicklungsprozess (1)
- Numerische Strömungssimulation (1)
- Produktentwicklung (1)
- Topologieoptimierung (1)
- blend electrode (1)
- blend electrodes (1)
- lithium-ion batteries (1)
- lithium-ion battery (1)
- overpotentials (1)
- strömungsführende Bauteile (1)
Institute
Open Access
- Open Access (5)
- Closed Access (1)
Lithium-ion batteries exhibit a well-known trade-off between energy and power, which is problematic for electric vehicles which require both high energy during discharge (high driving range) and high power during charge (fast-charge capability). We use two commercial lithium-ion cells (high-energy [HE] and high-power) to parameterize and validate physicochemical pseudo-two-dimensional models. In a systematic virtual design study, we vary electrode thicknesses, cell temperature, and the type of charging protocol. We are able to show that low anode potentials during charge, inducing lithium plating and cell aging, can be effectively avoided either by using high temperatures or by using a constant-current/constant-potential/constant-voltage charge protocol which includes a constant anode potential phase. We introduce and quantify a specific charging power as the ratio of discharged energy (at slow discharge) and required charging time (at a fast charge). This value is shown to exhibit a distinct optimum with respect to electrode thickness. At 35°C, the optimum was achieved using an HE electrode design, yielding 23.8 Wh/(min L) volumetric charging power at 15.2 min charging time (10% to 80% state of charge) and 517 Wh/L discharge energy density. By analyzing the various overpotential contributions, we were able to show that electrolyte transport losses are dominantly responsible for the insufficient charge and discharge performance of cells with very thick electrodes.
Lithium‐ion battery cells are multiscale and multiphysics systems. Design and material parameters influence the macroscopically observable cell performance in a complex and nonlinear way. Herein, the development and application of three methodologies for model‐based interpretation and visualization of these influences are presented: 1) deconvolution of overpotential contributions, including ohmic, concentration, and activation overpotentials of the various cell components; 2) partial electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, allowing a direct visualization of the origin of different impedance features; and 3) sensitivity analyses, allowing a systematic assessment of the influence of cell parameters on capacity, internal resistance, and impedance. The methods are applied to a previously developed and validated pseudo‐3D model of a high‐power lithium‐ion pouch cell. The cell features a blend cathode. The two blend components show strong coupling, which can be observed and interpreted using the results of overpotential deconvolution, partial impedance spectroscopy, and sensitivity analysis. The presented methods are useful tools for model‐supported lithium‐ion cell research and development.
This article presents the development, parameterization, and experimental validation of a pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) multiphysics model of a 350 mAh high-power lithium-ion pouch cell with graphite anode and lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LCO/NCA) blend cathode. The model describes transport processes on three different scales: Heat transport on the macroscopic scale (cell), mass and charge transport on the mesoscopic scale (electrode pair), and mass transport on the microscopic scale (active material particles). A generalized description of electrochemistry in blend electrodes is developed, using the open-source software Cantera for calculating species source terms. Very good agreement of model predictions with galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and surface temperature measurements is observed over a wide range of operating conditions (0.05C to 10C charge and discharge, 5°C to 35°C). The behavior of internal states (concentrations, potentials, temperatures) is discussed. The blend materials show a complex behavior with both intra-particle and inter-particle non-equilibria during cycling.
Um bei der Produktentwicklung auf die immer höheren Anforderungen wie Effizienz- oder Kostenoptimierung reagieren zu können, stehen die Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, neue, leistungsfähige Komponenten zu entwickeln. Hierzu müssen geeignete Entwicklungswerkzeuge zur Verfügung stehen. Bei der Auslegung von strömungsführenden Bauteilen wie zum Beispiel Rohrleitungen, Krümmern oder Ansaugstutzen wird meist auf Standard Konstruktionen zurückgegriffen. Hierzu zählen zum Beispiel gerade Rohre, 90 Grad- Umlenkungen und Diffusoren. Neue Topologieoptimierungsverfahren im Bereich Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) bieten die Möglichkeit, solche Bauteile für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall optimiert zu dimensionieren und somit zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz des Gesamtsystems beizutragen. Darüber hinaus kann die Topologieoptimierung schon in sehr frühen Phasen des Entwicklungsprozesses eingesetzt werden und somit helfen, die Anzahl an Entwicklungsstufen zu reduzieren.