Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (reviewed) (29)
- Conference Proceeding (10)
- Article (unreviewed) (6)
- Book (2)
- Report (2)
- Part of a Book (1)
- Contribution to a Periodical (1)
Conference Type
- Konferenzartikel (10)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (51) (remove)
Keywords
- Bauteil (3)
- Bürohaus (3)
- Energieeffizienz (3)
- Klimatechnik (3)
- Raumklima (3)
- Energietechnik (2)
- Energieversorgung (2)
- Gebäude (2)
- Haustechnik (2)
- Aktivierung (1)
Institute
Open Access
- Closed Access (20)
- Open Access (18)
- Closed (5)
- Diamond (2)
- Gold (2)
- Bronze (1)
Given the looming threats of climate change and the rapid worldwide urbanization, it is a necessity to prioritize the transition towards a carbon-free built environment. This research study provides a holistic digital methodology for parametric design of urban residential buildings with regard to the Mediterranean semi-arid climate zone of Morocco in the early design phase. The morphological parameters of the urban residential buildings, namely the buildings’ typology, the distance between buildings, the urban grid’s orientation, and the window-towall ratio, are evaluated in order to identify the key combinations of passive and active solar design strategies that determine the high energy performing configurations, based on the introduced Energy Performance Index (EPI), which is the ratio between solar BIPV production to maximum available installed BIPV capacity and the normalized thermal energy needs. Through an automated processing of 2187 iterations via Grasshopper, we simulate daylight autonomy, indoor thermal comfort and solar rooftop photovoltaic and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) energy potential. Then, we analyze the conflicting objectives of energy efficiency measures, active solar design strategies, and indoor visual comfort in the decision-making process that supports our goal of getting closer to net zero urban residential buildings. The digital workflow showed interesting trends in reaching a balanced equilibrium between performance metrics influenced by the contrasting impact of solar exposure on indoor daylight autonomy and thermal energy demand. Furthermore, the study’s findings indicate that it is possible to achieve an annual load match exceeding 66,56 % while simultaneously ensuring an acceptable visual indoor comfort (sDA higher than 0.4). The findings also highlight the important role of the BIPV system in shifting towards the net zero energy goal, by contributing up to 30 % of the overall solar energy output and covering up to 20 % of the yearly self-consumption. Moreover, the energy balance evaluation on an hourly basis indicates that BIPV system notably enhances the daily load cover factor by up to 5.5 %, particularly in the case of slab SN typology, throughout the different seasons. Graphical representations of the yearly, monthly and hourly load matches and the hourly energy balance of the best performing configurations provide a thorough understanding of the potential evolution of the urban energy system over time as a result of the gradual integration of active solar electricity production.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal separation process which possesses a hydrophobic, microporous
membrane as vapor space. A high potential application for MD is the concentration of hypersaline brines, such as
e.g. reverse osmosis retentate or other saline effluents to be concentrated to a near saturation level with a Zero
Liquid Discharge process chain. In order to further commercialize MD for these target applications, adapted MD
module designs are required along with strategies for the mitigation of membrane wetting phenomena. This
work presents the experimental results of pilot operation with an adapted Air Gap Membrane Distillation
(AGMD) module for hypersaline brine concentration within a range of 0–240 g NaCl /kg solution. Key performance
indicators such as flux, GOR and thermal efficiency are analyzed. A new strategy for wetting mitigation
by active draining of the air gap channel by low pressure air blowing is tested and analyzed. Only small reductions
in flux and GOR of 1.2% and 4.1% respectively, are caused by air sparging into the air gap channel.
Wetting phenomena are significantly reduced by avoiding stagnant distillate in the air gap making the air blower
a seemingly worth- while additional system component.
Am 1. Juli 2022 trafen sich im Rahmen des Abschlusskolloquiums des Projekts ACA-Modes rund 60 Teilnehmende aus Forschung, Lehre und Industrie zu einer internationalen Konferenz an der Hochschule Offenburg. Hier wurden die Projektergebnisse rund um die erfolgreiche Implementierung modellprädiktiver Regelstrategien vorgestellt, aktuelle Fragestellungen diskutiert und Entwicklungspfade hin zu einem netzdienlichen Betrieb von Energieverbundsystemen skizziert.
In der Planungs- und Betriebspraxis herrscht im Bereich der Betriebsführung von thermisch aktivierten Bauteilsystemen und insbesondere der thermisch trägen Bauteilaktivierung noch große Unsicherheit. Trotz einer weiten Verbreitung dieser Systeme im Neubau von Nichtwohngebäuden hat sich bis heute keine einheitliche Betriebsführungsstrategie durchgesetzt. Vielmehr kritisieren Bauherren und Nutzer regelmäßig zu hohe bzw. niedrige Raumtemperaturen in den Übergangsjahreszeiten und bei Wetterwechsel sowie generell eine mangelhafte Regelbarkeit. Demgegenüber weisen Monitoringprojekte immer wieder einen hohen thermischen Komfort in diesen Gebäuden nach. Offensichtlich unterscheiden sich hier subjektiv empfundene Behaglichkeit und objektiv gemessener Komfort. Gleichzeitig sind Heiz- und Kühlkonzepte mit Flächentemperierung dann besonders energieeffizient, wenn das Regelkonzept auf deren thermische Trägheit angepasst ist. Eine gute Regelung gewährleistet also einen hohen thermischen Komfort und sorgt für einen möglichst niedrigen Energieeinsatz. Das Rechenverfahren mit Anlagenaufwandszahlen (in Anlehnung an DIN V 18599) bietet eine gute Möglichkeit, Anlagenkonzepte inklusive deren Betriebsführungsstrategie zu bewerten. Damit ist es möglich, eine auf das Gebäude angepasste Betriebsführungsstrategie für die Bauteilaktivierung zu finden und einheitlich zu bewerten.
Cooling towers or recoolers are one of the major consumers of electricity in a HVAC plant. The implementation and analysis of advanced control methods in a practical application and its comparison with conventional controllers is necessary to establish a framework for their feasibility especially in the field of decentralised energy systems. A standard industrial controller, a PID and a model based controller were developed and tested in an experimental set-up using market-ready components. The characteristics of these controllers such as settling time, control difference, and frequency of control actions are compared based on the monitoring data. Modern controllers demonstrated clear advantages in terms of energy savings and higher accuracy and a model based controller was easier to set-up than a PID.
Energy consumption for cooling is growing dramatically. In the last years, electricity peak consumption grew significantly, switching from winter to summer in many EU countries. This is endangering the stability of electricity grids. This article outlines a comprehensive analysis of an office building performances in terms of energy consumption and thermal comfort (in accordance with static – ISO 7730:2005 – and adaptive thermal comfort criteria – EN 15251:2007 –) related to different cooling concepts in six different European climate zones. The work is based on a series of dynamic simulations carried out in the Trnsys 17 environment for a typical office building. The simulation study was accomplished for five cooling technologies: natural ventilation (NV), mechanical night ventilation (MV), fan-coils (FC), suspended ceiling panels (SCP), and concrete core conditioning (CCC) applied in Stockholm, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Milan, Rome, and Palermo. Under this premise, the authors propose a methodology for the evaluation of the cooling concepts taking into account both, thermal comfort and energy consumption.
To improve the building’s energy efficiency many parameters should be assessed considering the building envelope, energy loads, occupation, and HVAC systems. Fenestration is among the most important variables impacting residential building indoor temperatures. So, it is crucial to use the most optimal energy-efficient window glazing in buildings to reduce energy consumption and at the same time provide visual daylight comfort and thermal comfort. Many studies have focused on the improvement of building energy efficiency focusing on the building envelope or the heating, ventilation, and cooling systems. But just a few studies have focused on studying the effect of glazing on building energy consumption. Thus, this paper aims to study the influence of different glazing types on the building’s heating and cooling energy consumption. A real case study building located under a semi-arid climate was used. The building energy model has been conducted using the OpenStudio simulation engine. Building indoor temperature was calibrated using ASHRAE’s statistical indices. Then a comparative analysis was conducted using seven different types of windows including single, double, and triple glazing filled with air and argon. Tripleglazed and double-glazed windows with argon space offer 37% and 32% of annual energy savings. It should be stressed that the methodology developed in this paper could be useful for further studies to improve building energy efficiency using optimal window glazing.
Bauteilaktivierung
(2015)
Buildings that are cooled and, if applicable, heated by thermo-active building systems (TABS) in combination with environmental energy have been established in the market during the last years. Many successful and efficient examples prove, that these systems can achieve a good thermal room comfort with a high energy efficiency of the plant system using environmental energy (mainly surface-near geothermal energy). However, operating experience and a systematic evaluation of several building projects demonstrate that there is potential improvement in the design, implementation, and operation of TABS systems. The article presents operating experience and a detailed evaluation of the operation performance of several non-residential buildings with thermo-active building systems with respect to thermal comfort and energy efficiency.