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A simple measuring method for acquiring the radiation pattern of an ultrawide band Vivaldi antenna is presented. The measuring is performed by combining two identical Vivaldi antennas and some of the intrinsic properties of a stepped-frequency continue wave radar (SFCW radar) in the
range from 1.0 GHz to 6.0 GHz. A stepper-motor provided the azimuthal rotation for one of the antennas from 0 ◦ to 360 ◦. The tests have been performed within the conventional environment (laboratory / office) without using an anechoic chamber or absorbing materials. Special measuring devices have not been used either. This method has been tested with different pairs of Vivaldi antennas and it can be also used for different ones (with little or no change in the system), as long as their operational
bandwidth is within the frequency range of the SFCW radar.
Keywords — SFCW Radar, Antenna Gain Characterization,
Azimuthal Radiation Pattern
The Raman spectra from the chemical compounds toluene and cyclohexane obtained using a Fourier Transform (FT)-Raman spectrometer prototype have been contrasted with the Raman spectra of these same materials collected with two different commercial FT-Raman devices. The FT-Raman spectrometer consist of a Michelson interferometer, a self-designed photon counter and a reference photo-detector. The evaluation methodology of the spectral information, contrary to the commercial devices that commonly use the zero-crossing method, is carried out by re-sampling the Raman scattering and by accurately extracting the optical path information of the Michelson interferometer. The FTRaman arrangement has been built using conventional parts without disregarding the spectral frequency precision that usually such a FTRaman instruments deliver. No additional complex hardware components or costly software modules have been included in this FT-Raman device. The main Raman lines from the spectra obtained with the three FT-Raman devices have been compared with the Raman lines from the standard Raman spectra of these two materials. The values obtained using the FT-Raman spectrometer prototype have shown a frequency accuracy comparable to that obtained with the commercial devices without facing the need for a large investment. Although the proposed FT-Raman prototype cannot be directly compared to the last generation of FT-Raman spectrometers from the commercial manufacturers, such a device could give an opportunity to users that require high frequency precision in their spectral analysis and are provided with rather scarce resources.
An der Hochschule Offenburg wird ein autonomer Hubschrauber entwickelt. Die Zelle besteht aus einem kommerziellen Modellhubschrauber Typ Align TREX 600. Als Antrieb dient ein bürstenloser 1.6-kW-Elektromotor mit ca. 40.000 U/min, der von einem 22-V-Lithium-Polymer-Akkumulator mit 5 Ah Speicherkapazität gespeist wird. Das Abfluggewicht des Hubschraubers beträgt ca. 3 kg. Sein Hauptrotor ist ein Zweiblattrotor mit Bell-Hiller-Mechanik. Der Heckrotor wird über einen Zahnriemen von der Hauptrotorwelle abgehend angetrieben. Der Hubschrauber ist autorotationsfähig. <br>Für die Flugregelung wurde ein Kurs-Lagereferenzsystem entwickelt. Die eigentliche Flugregelung sowie die Datenerfassung der Sensoren erfolgt über zwei Atmega128-Mikroprozessoren. Der Hubschrauber ist mit einem Datenlink über Bluetooth mit einem PC am Boden verbunden.
This paper treats the Brillouin backscattering in a single mode optical fiber and its implications on the Brillouin Ring Laser Gyroscope (BRLG). The BRLG consists of a fiber ring cavity in which stimulated Brillouin scattering is induced and provides two resonant counterpropagating backscattered waves. If this cavity is rotating around its axis, the backscattered waves get different resonant frequencies because of the Sagnac effect. The frequency difference is proportional to the rotation rate (Omega) by inducing a frequency offset between the counterpropagating waves. Some reported Brillouin spectra exhibit several peaks, which means that one pump wave provides at least two backscattered waves with distinguishable frequencies. In order to understand this multi-backscattering and to take advantage of it for the BRLG, we present results of a simulation of the Brillouin backscattering in a single mode optical fiber.
This paper treats the interaction between acoustic modes and light (Brillouin scattering) in a single mode optical fibre. Different observed spectra of the Brillouin backscattering in several fibres have been already reported. In order to have a clear idea of the process, we made a simulation to be able to `draw' the theoretical Brillouin spectrum of an optical fibre and to identify the origin of the observed backscattered lines.
First, the model and the computation method used in our simulation are described. Second, the experimentally observed spectra of two real fibres are compared with their computed spectra. Real spectra and simulated spectra are in good agreement.
Our work provides an interesting tool to investigate the changes in the Brillouin spectrum when the input parameters (characteristics of an optical fibre) vary. This should give useful indications to people working on systems which use Brillouin backscattering.
Holographische Verfahren
(2009)
Seit einigen Jahren arbeitet der Autor theoretisch und experimentell an Verfahren der Computerholographie. Modifizierte LCD-Displays lassen sich sowohl als Amplituden- als auch als Phasenhologramme nutzen, hochauflösende CCD-Kameras stehen zur Verfügung, die erforderlichen hohen Rechenleistungen sind ebenfalls verfügbar, all das zu relativ geringen Kosten. Damit werden holographische Verfahren in vielen Bereichen zu einer interessantenAlternative zu bestehenden Verfahren und eröffnen teilweise auch ganz neue Möglichkeiten. Der Artikel soll einen Überblick über die grundsätzlichen Zusammenhänge geben. Die erforderliche Mathematik ist recht komplex, insbesondere, wenn es um schnelle Verfahren geht, und Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Auf eine eingehende Darstellung der Mathematik und Signalverarbeitung wird aus Platzgründen verzichtet.
Luftbilder und Magnetfeldkarten – der Hochschul-Helikopter fotografiert aus der Vogelperspektive
(2010)
Der autonom und geregelt fliegende Helikopter der Hochschule Offenburg eignet sich als Träger für unterschiedliche Sensoren. Natürlich ist die naheliegendste Anwendung, mit einer Digitalkamera Luftaufnahmen zu machen. Abbildung 2.4-1 zeigt eines der Ergebnisse der ersten Luftbildflüge: Der Campus der Hochschule Offenburg von oben, aufgenommen mit einer digitalen Filmkamera mit entsprechend geringer Auflösung. Um bessere Ergebnisse zu erzielen, wurde inzwischen eine digitale Panoramakamera mit einem Leica-Objektiv und ca. 10 Mio. Pixel beschafft.
A method for determining properties of a pipeline includes feeding a sound wave signal at a predetermined feed point into the pipeline so that the sound wave signal propagates in an axial direction of the pipeline. The frequency spectrum of the transmitted sound wave signal has a frequency component or a spectral range with a maximum frequency that is smaller than the lower limit frequency for the first upper mode. Reflected portions of the transmitted sound wave signal are detected as received sound wave signal and are evaluated with regard to the transmitted sound wave signal to determine at least the distance of each reflection site from the feed point.