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This paper presents new measurements of a bronze cast from the right hand of the famous Italian violin virtuoso Nicolò Paganini (1782-1840). These are compared to anthropometric standard values. In addition, detailed dorsal and palmar views of the cast are shown. With a middle finger length of 75 mm, the palm width is 60 mm and the hand length 152 mm, which is significantly below the 5% percentile of today's standard values. Also the finger length index (0.55), the ratio of finger length to palm length (0.98) and the ratio of finger length to palm width (1.25) are significantly above normal limits. Hence, Paganini had abnormal hand measurements with a very small palm and relatively "long" fingers. This remarkable constellation, among others, could have been advantageous for his amazing skills as a violinist.
Geschichte(n) der Medizin
(2014)
Seit Menschengedenken schreibt die Medizin ihre eigene(n) Geschichte(n). Bis heute faszinieren Berichte über Krankheiten oder Todesfolgen vergangener Zivilisationen, Herrscher und Persönlichkeiten. In diesem Band werden ausgewählte Vitae aus der Zeit zwischen dem zweiten Jahrhundert vor Christus und heute exemplarisch und kurzweilig vorgestellt.
Doch nicht nur die hier wiedergegebenen Krankheitsverläufe der prominenten Protagonisten faszinieren. Mindestens genauso bemerkenswert sind die dargestellten Veränderungen von Moral-Vorstellungen innerhalb der Geschichte(n): So verbietet beispielsweise der Eid des Hippokrates das Blasenstein¬-Schneiden – doch heute ist die Entfernung von Nephrolithen immanenter Bestandteil der Urologie. Und während die Deklaration des Weltärztebundes aus dem Jahr 1948 – das sogenannte Genfer Gelöbnis – den Schwangerschaftsabbruch noch ablehnt, ist dieser heutzutage (in engen Grenzen) erlaubt.
Den renommierten Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes gelingt es mühelos und mitreißend, Geschichte(n) der Medizin in Biografien und Erzählungen lebendig werden zu lassen. Ihre historischen Betrachtungen sind gleichermaßen unterhaltsam wie lehrreich.
We report the use of the Raman spectral information of the chemical compound toluene C7H8 as a reference on the analysis of laboratory-prepared and commercially acquired gasoline-ethanol blends. The rate behavior of the characteristic Raman lines of toluene and gasoline has enabled the approximated quantification of this additive in commercial gasoline-ethanol mixtures. This rate behavior has been obtained from the Raman spectra of gasoline-ethanol blends with different proportions of toluene.
All these Raman spectra have been collected by using a self-designed, frequency precise and low-cost Fourier-transform Raman spectrometer (FT-Raman spectrometer) prototype. This FT-Raman prototype has helped to accurately confirm the frequency position of the main characteristic Raman lines of toluene present on the different gasoline-ethanol samples analyzed at smaller proportions than those commonly found in commercial gasoline-ethanol blends. The frequency accuracy validation has been performed by analyzing the same set of toluene samples with two additional state-of-the-art commercial FT-Raman devices. Additionally, the spectral information has been contrasted, with highly-correlated coefficients as a result, with the values of the standard Raman spectrum of toluene.
Chronic insomnia is defined by difficulties in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, and early morning awakening, and is coupled with daytime consequences such as fatigue, attention deficits, and mood instability. These symptoms persist over a period of at least 3 months (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 criteria). Chronic insomnia can be a symptom of many medical, neurological, and mental disorders. As a disorder, it incurs substantial health-care and occupational costs, and poses substantial risks for the development of cardiovascular and mental disorders, including cognitive deficits. Family and twin studies confirm that chronic insomnia can have a genetic component (heritability coefficients between 42% and 57%), whereas the investigation of autonomous and central nervous system parameters has identified hyperarousal as a final common pathway of the pathophysiology, implicating an imbalance of sleep–wake regulation consisting of either overactivity of the arousal systems, hypoactivity of the sleep-inducing systems, or both. Insomnia treatments include benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists, and cognitive behavioural therapy. Treatments currently under investigation include transcranial magnetic or electrical brain stimulation, and novel methods to deliver psychological interventions.
Geschichte(n) der Medizin
(2015)
Renommierte Autoren erzählen lebendige und mitreißende Geschichte(n) der Medizin über Krankheiten, Ärzte und Forscher.
-Wie kam es zur Entdeckung des Blutkreislaufes, wo man doch lange Zeit glaubte, die Leber produziere täglich Tausende von Litern Blut?
-Warum sind Hirnschrittmacher erst viel später als Herzschrittmacher auf der medizinischen Bühne erschienen, wo doch das Gehirn schon in der Antike trepaniert und erforscht wurde?
-Die Antworten auf diese und andere Fragen werden nicht nur wissenschaftlich exakt, sondern auch überaus unterhaltsam gegeben.
-Beachtlich, dass Friedrich II. von Preußen auch begnadeter Hobby-Arzt war.
-Bemerkenswert, wie eine Frau zu einer Zeit zielstrebig Ärztin wurde, als nur Männer Medizin studieren durften.
-Bewegend die Erlebnisse eines Arztes an der Front.
-Faszinierend, wie ein „Wunderdoktor“ reihenweise Frauen in Ohnmacht versetzte, um sie zu heilen; er wurde damit zum Mitbegründer der Psychotherapie.
-Das Buch knüpft mit diesen und weiteren Erzählungen an den großen Erfolg des ersten Bandes an und bietet in populärwissenschaftlicher Weise neues Lese- und Bildungsvergnügen.
In this study, various imaging algorithms for the localization of objects have been investigated. Therefore, an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar based experimental setup with a circular antenna array is designed as part of this work. This concept could be particularly useful in microwave medical imaging applications. In order to validate its applicability in microwave imaging, different imaging algorithms have been evaluated and compared by means of our experimental setup. Accurate imaging results have been achieved with our system under multiple test-scenarios.
In this study, an approach to a microwave-based radar system for the localization of objects has been proposed. This could be particularly useful in microwave imaging applications such as cardiac catheter detection. An experimental system is defined and realized with the selection of an appropriate antenna design. Hardware control functions and different imaging algorithms are implemented as well. The functionality of this measurement setup has been analyzed considering multiple testscenarios and it is proved to be capable of locating multiple objects as well as expanded objects.
In automotive parking scenario, where the curb shall be detected and classified to be traversable or not, radars play an important role. There are different approaches already proposed in other works to estimate the target height. This paper assesses and compares two methods. The first is based on Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation of input signals of multiple antennas using the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) principle. The second method uses the geometry in multipath propagation of the radar echo signal for one antenna input. In this work a modified method of calculation of the curb height based on the second method is proposed. The theory of approach is mathematically proved and effectiveness is demonstrated by evaluation of measurements with a 77 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. In order to evaluate the performance of the introduced method the mean square error (MSE) is used in the proposed scenario. This method, using only one antenna input, produced up to 3.4 times better results for curb height detection in comparison with former methods.
Konzeption und Evaluierung eines Trainings-Windkanals für den spezifischen Einsatz im Skisprung
(2022)
Skin cancer detection proves to be complicated and highly dependent on the examiner’s skills. Millimeter-wave technologies seem to be a promising aid for the detection of skin cancer. The different water content of the skin area affected by cancer compared to healthy skin changes its reflective property. Due to limited available resources on the dielectric properties of skin cancer, especially in comparison to surrounding healthy skin, accurate simulations and evaluations are quite challenging. Therefore, comparing different results for different approaches and starting points can be difficult. In this paper, the Effective Medium Theory is applied to model skin cancer, which provides permittivity values dependent on the water content.