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Der effektive Einsatz von Energie ist vor dem Hintergrund von begrenzten Ressourcen und der Forderung nach einer Reduzierung der bei der Energiegewinnung entstehenden Umweltbelastungen von wachsender Bedeutung. Für die noch relativ junge Gruppe der generativen Fertigungsverfahren liegen bis heute kaum Untersuchungen zum Energieverbrauch vor. Deshalb werden in diesem Beitrag zwei weit verbreitete Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren (3D-Drucken und Fused Deposition Modeling) hinsichtlich ihres Energieverbrauchs untersucht und verglichen. Zudem werden Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz aufgezeigt und Einsparmöglichkeiten genannt.
Today the methods of numerical simulation of sheet metal forming offer a great diversity of possibilities for optimization in product development and in process design. However, the results from simulation are only available as virtual models. Because there are any forming tools available during the early stages of product development, physical models that could serve to represent the virtual results are therefore lacking. Physical 3D-models can be created using 3D-printing and serve as an illustration and present a better understanding of the simulation results. In this way, the results from the simulation can be made more “comprehensible” within a development team. This paper presents the possibilities of 3D-colour printing with particular consideration of the requirements regarding the implementation of sheet metal forming simulation. Using concrete examples of sheet metal forming, the manufacturing of 3D colour models will be expounded upon on the basis of simulation results.
Wir haben die erste „Eiserne Hand“ des Götz von Berlichingen mit 3D-Computer-Aided Design rekonstruiert und über einen Multimaterial-3D-Drucker ausgedruckt. Dabei ließ sich feststellen, dass die 500 Jahre alte Technik keinesfalls veraltet ist: Das Innenleben der „Eisernen Hand“ ist ausgefeilter als bisher angenommen. Sie könnte sogar spannende Impulse für die Entwicklung neuer künstlicher Handprothesen liefern.
In 4D printing, an additively manufactured component is given the ability to change its shape or function in an intended and useful manner over time. The technology of 4D printing is still in an early stage of development. Nevertheless, interesting research and initial applications exist in the literature. In this work, a novel methodical approach is presented that helps transfer existing 4D printing research results and knowledge into solving application tasks systematically. Moreover, two different smart materials are analyzed, used, and combined following the presented methodical approach to solving the given task in the form of recovering an object from a poorly accessible space. This is implemented by self-positioning, grabbing, and extracting the target object. The first smart material used to realize these tasks is a shape-memory polymer, while the second is a polymer-based magnetic composite. In addition to the presentation and detailed implementation of the methodical approach, the potentials and behavior of the two smart materials are further examined and narrowed down as a result of the investigation. The results show that the developed methodical approach contributes to moving 4D printing closer toward a viable alternative to existing technologies due to its problem-oriented nature.