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The research project Ko-TAG [2], as part of the research initiative Ko-FAS [1], funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technologies (BMWi), deals with the development of a wireless cooperative sensor system that shall pro-vide a benefit to current driver assistance systems (DAS) and traffic safety applications (TSA). The system’s primary function is the localization of vulnerable road users (VRU) e.g. pedestrians and powered two-wheelers, using communication signals, but can also serve as pre-crash (surround) safety system among vehicles. The main difference of this project, compared to previous ones that dealt with this topic, e.g. the AMULETT project, is an underlying FPGA based Hardware-Software co-design. The platform drives a real-time capable communication protocol that enables highly scalable network topologies fulfilling the hard real-time requirements of the single localization processes. Additionally it allows the exchange of further data (e.g. sensor data) to support the accident pre-diction process and the channel arbitration, and thus supports true cooperative sensing. This paper gives an overview of the project’s current system design as well as of the implementations of the key HDL entities supporting the software parts of the communication protocol. Furthermore, an approach for the dynamic reconfiguration of the devices is described, which provides several topology setups using a single PCB design.
This paper analyzes the applicability of existing communication technology on the Smart Grid. In particular it evaluates how networks, e.g. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and decentralized Virtual Private Network (VPN) can help set up an agent-based system. It is expected that applications on Smart Grid devices will become more powerful and be able to operate without a central control instance. We analyze which requirements agents and Smart Grid devices place on communication systems and validate promising approaches. The main focus is to create a logical overlay network that provides direct communication between network nodes. We provide a comparison of different approaches of P2P networks and mesh-VPNs. Finally the advantages of mesh-VPN for agent-based systems are worked out.
Experiences with a telecare platform integration of ZigBee sensors into a middleware platform
(2012)
Die hohen Anforderungen vor allem an Drehmoment übertragende und mehrfachgekerbte Profilwellen im konstruktiven Umfeld moderner Maschinen zwingen uns, der Frage der Kerbwirkungen sowie Maßnahmen zu deren Milderung erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen. Während die Kerbwirkung der geometrischen Einzelkerben bereits recht eingehend erforscht ist, liegen wesentlich komplexere Verhältnisse bei Mehrfachkerben vor, die durch die gegenseitige Beeinflussung mehrerer benachbarter Kerben entstehen. Der hier vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt erste Untersuchungsergebnisse mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode (FEM) zur gegenseitigen Wechselwirkung zweier Kerbformen "Sicherungsringnut und Zahnfußrundung" bei Zahnwellen mit Evolventenflanken nach DIN 5480. Diese Kerbkombination tritt in der Praxis häufig auf. Entsprechende Formzahldiagramme und Gestaltungshinweise werden angegeben und Näherungsformeln für die genauere Formzahlbestimmung je nach Belastungsart aufgestellt.
Capture threshold (CT) for transesophageal left atrial (LA) pacing (TLAP) and transesophageal left ventricular (LV) pacing (TLVP) with conventional cylindrical electrodes (CE) are higher than TLAP feeling threshold (FT). Purpose of the study was to evaluate focused TLAP CT and FT for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) initiation and focused TLVP CT for cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) simulation.
Methods: SVT initiation in patients (P) with palpitations (n=49, age 47 ± 17 years) was analysed during spontaneous rhythm and during focused bipolar TLAP with atrial constant current stimulus output, distal CE and three or seven 6 mm hemispherical electrodes (HE) (TO, Osypka AG, Rheinfelden, Germany). CRT simulation in heart failure P (n=75, age 62 ± 11 years) was evaluated by focused bipolar TLAP and/or TLVP with ventricular constant voltage stimulus output and different pacing mode.
Results: Focused electrical pacing field between CE and HE (n=28) allowed low threshold TLAP with 8.0 ± 2.6 mA CT at 9.9 ms stimulus duration (SD) which was lower than 9.2 ± 4.5 mA FT at 9.9 ms SD. Focused electrical pacing field between HE and HE (n=21) allowed low threshold TLAP with 8.1 ± 2.2 mA CT at 9.9 ms SD which was lower than 9.8 ± 5.0 mA FT at 9.9 ms SD. SVT initiation by programmed AAI TLAP was possible in 23 P and not possible in 26 P. CRT simulation was evaluated with TLAP and TLVP with VAT, D00 and V00 pacing mode and 95.5 ± 10.9 V TLVP CT at 4.0 ms SD.
Conclusions: Programmed focused AAI TLAP allowed initiation of SVT with very low CT and high FT and focused electrical pacing field between CE-HE and HE-HE.CRT simulation with focused TLAP and/or TLVP with VAT, D00 and V00 pacing mode may be a useful technique to detect responders to CRT.
Responder-rate in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) or atrial fibrillation (AF) mainly depends on accurat selection, optimal position of the left ventricular electrode and individualization of hemodynamical parameters of the implanted biventricular pacing system during follow-up. High resolution esophageal left heart electrocardiography offers a quick and semi-invasive approach to the electrical activity of left atrium and left ventricle. It was used in 62 heart failure patients in sinus rhythm and 11 in atrial fibrillation after implantation of CRT systems to compare the semi-invasive interventricular conduction delay (IVCDE) with QRS width. In all of the patients, guideline decision for CRT was linked with IVCDE of about 40ms and up. From logical point of view, IVCDE provides the minimal target interval for the left ventricular electrode placement in order to exclude non-responders. Esophageal measurement of interatrial conduction intervals in VDD and DDD pacing was utilized to individualize the AV delay and to exclude adverse hemodynamic effects.
Remote measurement of the physiology, so-called biotelemetry, is a key technology in the modern veterinary medicine. The usage of wireless implants has less impact on the behavior of animals than manual measurement methods and cause less disturbance than wired devices. But, common biotelemetry still uses proprietary communication and power concepts focused on small systems with one animal. Therefore, the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg is developing a low-cost RFID system called muTrans1, which is able to measure ECG, pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation and activity. The muTrans uses an own RFID sensor transponder and standardized commercial components and combines them to a scalable RFID system able to build-up RFID sensor networks with a nearly unlimited size.