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Gas adsorption studies of CO2 and N2 in spatially aligned double-walled carbon nanotube arrays
(2013)
Gas adsorption studies (CO2 and N2) over a wide pressure range on vertically, highly aligned dense double-walled carbon nanotube arrays of high purity and high specific surface area are reported. At high pressures, the adsorption capacity of these materials was found to be comparable to those of metal organic frameworks and mesoporous molecular sieves. These highly aligned CNT arrays were chemically modified by treating with oxygen plasma and structurally modified by decreasing the diameter of individual carbon nanotubes. Oxygen plasma treatment led to grafting of a large number of C–O functional groups onto the CNT surface, which further increased the gas adsorption capacity. It was found that gas adsorption is dependent on tube diameter and increases with decrease of the individual CNT diameter in the CNT bundles. As results of our studies we have found that at lower pressure regimes, plasma functionalized carbon nanotubes exhibit better adsorption characteristics whereas at higher pressures, lower diameter carbon nanotube structures exhibited better gas adsorption characteristics.
Background: Increasing awareness of the importance of evidence-based medicine is demonstrated not only by an increasing number of articles addressing it but also by a specialty-wide evidence-based medicine initiative. The authors critically analyzed the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials published in this Journal over a 21-year period (1990 to 2010).
Methods: A hand search was conducted, including all issues of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from January of 1990 to December of 2010. All randomized controlled trials published during this time period were identified with the Cochrane decision tree for identification of randomized controlled trials. To assess the quality of reporting, a modification of the checklist of the Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials Statement was used.
Results: Of 7121 original articles published from 1990 to 2010 in the Journal, 159 (2.23 percent) met the Cochrane criteria. A significant increase in the absolute number of randomized controlled trials was seen over the study period (p < 0.0001). The median quality of these trials from 1990 to 2010 was "fair," with a trend toward improved quality of reporting over time (p = 0.127).
Conclusions: A favorable trend is seen with respect to an increased number of published randomized controlled trials in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Adherence to standard reporting guidelines is recommended, however, to further improve the quality of reporting. Consideration may be given to providing information regarding the quality of reporting in addition to the "level of evidence pyramid," thus facilitating critical appraisal.
Member Lens
(2013)
Die Analyse von Engpässen im Güterverkehr ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um zukünftige Heraus-forderungen der Infrastrukturplanung und Logistik bewältigen zu können. Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts Code24 sollen Strategien für die Behandlung zukünftiger Herausforderungen im Schienengüterverkehr im wichtigsten europäischen Güterverkehrskorridor Rotterdam-Genua entwickelt werden. Hierfür sind Infor-mationen über Zugzahlen und die Kapazitätsauslastung auf einzelnen Streckenabschnitten eine wichtige Voraussetzung.
Zielvereinbarungen sollen SMART formuliert werden, um die Leistungsbereitschaft von Mitarbeitern optimal zu fördern - so wird es zumindest in der praxisorientierten betriebswirtschaftlichen Literatur propagiert. Ob Zielvereinbarungen, die spezifisch, messbar, erreichbar, relevant für das Unternehmen und zeitlich terminiert sind, wirklich eine höhere Leistungsbereitschaft zur Folge haben, wird im Folgenden auf Basis einer empirischen Untersuchung überprüft.
Die Zuverlässigkeit und Betriebssicherheit von Feldgeräten ist für den sicheren und wirtschaftlichen Betrieb prozesstechnischer Anlagen unerlässlich. Ein entscheidender Faktor ist die Widerstandskraft der Geräte gegen die herrschenden Umgebungsbedingungen. Durch Korrosionsschäden hervorgerufene Anlagenstillstände zeigen, dass diesem Thema nicht immer die notwendige Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wird, obwohl die korrosionsbedingten wirtschaftlichen Schäden immens sind. Wie man mit dem Thema Korrosionsschutz ernsthaft umgehen kann, zeigt dieser Beitrag am Beispiel elektrischer Stellantriebe.
In this paper we present a model of the discharge of a lithium–oxygen battery with aqueous electrolyte. Lithium–oxygen batteries (Li–O2) have recently received great attention due to their large theoretical specific energy. Advantages of the aqueous design include the stability of the electrolyte, the long experience with gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), and the solubility of the reaction product lithium hydroxide. However, competitive specific energies can only be obtained if the product is allowed to precipitate. Here we present a dynamic one-dimensional model of a Li–O2 battery including a GDE and precipitation of lithium hydroxide. The model is parameterized using experimental data from the literature. We demonstrate that GDEs remove power limitations due to slow oxygen transport in solutions and that lithium hydroxide tends to precipitate on the anode side. We discuss the system architecture to engineer where nucleation and growth predominantly occurs and to optimize for discharge capacity.