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The communication technologies for automatic me-ter reading (smart metering) and for energy production and distribution networks (smart grid) have the potential to be one of the first really highly scaled machine-to-machine-(M2M)-applications. During the last years two very promising devel-opments around the wireless part of smart grid communication were initialized, which possibly have an impact on the markets far beyond Europe and far beyond energy automation. Besides the specifications of the Open Metering System (OMS) Group, the German Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, BSI) has designed a protection profile (PP) and a technical directive (TR) for the communication unit of an intelligent measurement sys-tem (smart meter gateway), which were released in March 2013. This design uses state-of-the-art technologies and prescribes their implementation in real-life systems. At first sight the expenditures for the prescribed solutions seem to be significant. But in the long run, this path is inevitable and comes with strategic advantages.
The communication between objects, i.e. between cars (car-2-car, C2C), between cars and infrastructure (car-2-infrastructure, C2I) and between cars and vulnerable road users (car-2-VRU, C2VRU) is a major stepping stone towards traffic applications to enable efficient and safe traffic flow. However, these applications pose very high requirements to the communication protocols, which go beyond the capabilities of an available standardized solution.
This contribution shows how iterative design processes can help to fulfill these requirements, while re-using a maximum of elements from one level to the next and thus avoiding unrealistic overhead. In especially, the added value of simulation and emulation in this iterative process is elaborated.
Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit wird dem Leser eine Einführung in die Mitarbeiterkommunikation geboten. Es werden kommunikationswissenschaftliche Grundlagen aufgezeigt und anschließend betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte beleuchtet. Der Leser bekommt Einsicht in die Planung und Durchführung erfolgreicher Mitarbeiterkommunikation und die damit verbundene Erfolgskontrolle. Im empirischen Teil der Abschlussarbeit wird der Bezug zur Praxis hergestellt. Es wird dargestellt wie Beratungshäuser ihre interne Kommunikation verwirklichen und wo diese auf besondere Herausforderungen stoßen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, dem Leser eine Übersicht über die oft umfangreichen Aufgaben der internen Kommunikation zu bieten und wie die Theorie letztendlich in der Praxis umgesetzt wird. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird größtenteils die Methode der Literaturanalyse verwendet. Betriebswirtschaftliche Arbeitstexte, sowie Literatur zu den Instrumenten der internen Kommunikation und Werke aus dem Personal- und Organisationsbereich bilden hierfür die Grundlage. Im zweiten Teil werden die Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung zur internen Kommunikation in Management-Beratungshäusern gezeigt und anschließend Schlussfolgerungen zusammenfassend dargelegt.
The paper proposes a system architecture for charging infrastructure that serves the requirements of future fleets of shared-use electric vehicles in urban scenarios. The focus of the development is on the interfaces to central stakeholders such as mobility service providers, distribution network operators and utilities. The main concept of the proposed system is the adherence to a stringent resource-oriented design approach, following the design principles of the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural software style for distributed systems. This design approach is used from the cloud-based services down to the implementation of the charging infrastructure's control algorithms. Focusing on the resources of the various entities simplifies the implementation of their interactions, compared to the explicit declaration of services that are available. The system design ensures that the charging infrastructure is open to all users and generates a benefit beyond basic charging operations. Integration in emerging smart markets is done via open web-based interfaces. These allow for the generation of an added value of concrete services for shared-use electric mobility. A link to the field of grid operation is proposed using the ISO/IEC 61850 telecontrol standard. The smart meter capabilities of the charging stations can be used to gain additional information on the current state of the distribution grid. As an exemplary service a load management service for a fleet of shared-use electric vehicles is going to be implemented.