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PET and SPECT in Psychiatry
(2021)
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of PET and SPECT in the classic psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. In addition, it discusses the application of these functional neuroimaging techniques in a variety of other conditions, including sleep disorders, eating disorders, autism, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The new edition has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the latest advances and results in nuclear imaging within the field. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical psychiatrist and a nuclear medicine expert to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be of value for all who have an interest in the field of neuroscience, from psychiatrists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists to interested general practitioners and cognitive psychologists. Companion volumes on the use of PET and SPECT in neurology and for the imaging of neurobiological systems complete a trilogy.
Investigation of the Angle Dependency of Self-Calibration in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Radars
(2021)
Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a key technology in improving the angular resolution (spatial resolution) of radars. In MIMO radars the amplitude and phase errors in antenna elements lead to increase in the sidelobe level and a misalignment of the mainlobe. As the result the performance of the antenna channels will be affected. Firstly, this paper presents analysis of effect of the amplitude and phase errors on angular spectrum using Monte-Carlo simulations. Then, the results are compared with performed measurements. Finally, the error correction with a self-calibration method is proposed and its angle dependency is evaluated. It is shown that the values of the errors change with an incident angle, which leads to a required angle-dependent calibration.
Propagation of acoustic waves is considered in a system consisting of two stiff quarter-spaces connected by a planar soft layer. The two quarter-spaces and the layer form a half-space with a planar surface. In a numerical study, surface waves have been found and analyzed in this system with displacements that are localized not only at the surface, but also in the soft layer. In addition to the semi-analytical finite element method, an alternative approach based on an expansion of the displacement field in a double series of Laguerre functions and Legendre polynomials has been applied.
It is shown that a number of branches of the mode spectrum can be interpreted and remarkably well described by perturbation theory, where the zero-order modes are the wedge waves guided at a rectangular edge of the stiff quarter-spaces or waves guided at the edge of a soft plate with rigid surfaces.
For elastic moduli and densities corresponding to the material combination PMMA–silicone–PMMA, at least one of the branches in the dispersion relation of surface waves trapped in the soft layer exhibits a zero-group velocity point.
Potential applications of these 1D guided surface waves in non-destructive evaluation are discussed.
Additive manufacturing (AM) and in particular the application of 3D multi material printing offers completely new production technologies thanks to the degree of freedom in design and the simultaneous processing of several materials in one component. Today's CAD systems for product development are volume-based and therefore cannot adequately implement the multi-material approach. Voxel-based CAD systems offer the advantage that a component can be divided into many voxels and different materials and functions can be assigned to these voxels. In this contribution two voxel-based CAD systems will be analyzed in order to simplify the AM on voxel level with different materials. Thus, a number of suitable criteria for evaluating voxel-based CAD systems are being developed and applied. The results of a technical-economic comparison show the differences between the voxel-based systems and disclose their disadvantages compared to conventional CAD systems. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a new method is therefore presented as an approach that enables the voxelization of a component in a simple way based on a conventional CAD model. The process chain of this new method is demonstrated using a typical component from product design. The results of this implementation of the new method are illustrated and analyzed.
Estimation of Scattering and Transfer Parameters in Stratified Dispersive Tissues of the Human Torso
(2021)
The aim of this study is to understand the effect of the various layers of biological tissues on electromagnetic radiation in a certain frequency range. Understanding these effects could prove crucial in the development of dynamic imaging systems under operating environments during catheter ablation in the heart. As the catheter passes through some arterial paths in the region of interest inside the heart through the aorta, a three-dimensional localization of the catheter is required. In this paper, a study is given on the detection of the catheter by using electromagnetic waves. Therefor, an appropriate model for the layers of the human torso is defined and simulated without and with an inserted electrode.
eLetter zum Artikel "The Hannes hand prosthesis replicates the key biological properties of the human hand" von Matteo Laffranchi et al., veröffentlicht in Science Robotics, Vol. 5, Issue 46, eabb0467 (doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abb0467)
eLetter zum Artikel "Plague Through History" von Nils Chr. Stenseth, veröffentlicht in Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5890, Seite 773-774 (doi.org/10.1126/science.1161496)
Dementia is a clinical diagnosis reflecting many possible underlying pathologies, for example, vascular dementia and neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body-type disorder or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The breakthrough of 99mtechnetium-labelled perfusion tracers in the 1990s resulted in many SPECT studies of flow changes in AD. In the first decade of 2000, the role of perfusion SPECT was shifted from diagnosis towards differential diagnosis, parallel to the growing attention for diagnosing early stages of dementia. Previously a diagnosis based largely on a process of exclusion, new guidelines have emerged increasingly employing positive criteria to establish the diagnosis, including neuroimaging biomarkers. Nowadays, FDG PET has largely limited the role of perfusion SPECT, although it is still considered a valuable and cost-effective alternative when PET is not available.
PET and SPECT in Neurology
(2021)
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of PET and SPECT in not only classic neurodegenerative disorders but also cerebrovascular disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, head trauma, coma, sleeping disorders, and inflammatory and infectious diseases of the CNS. The new edition has been revised and updated to reflect recent advances and includes additional chapters, for example on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in imaging data analysis, the study of brain connectivity using PET and SPECT images, and the role of PET imaging in modulation of brain functioning by deep brain stimulation. The authors are renowned experts whose dedication to the investigation of neurological disorders through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical neurologist and a nuclear medicine specialist to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be invaluable for neurologists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists and will also be informative for interested general practitioners and geriatricians. Companion volumes on PET and SPECT in psychiatry and in neurobiological systems complete a trilogy.