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Impedance of the Surface Double Layer of LSCF/CGO Composite Cathodes: An Elementary Kinetic Model
(2014)
Signal detection and bandwidth estimation, also known as channel segmentation or information channel estimation, is a perpetual topic in communication systems. In the field of radio monitoring this issue is extremely challenging, since unforeseeable effects like fading occur accidentally. In addition, most radio monitoring devices normally scan a wide frequency range of several hundred MHz and have to detect a multitude of different signals, varying in signal power, bandwidth and spectral shape. Since narrowband sensing techniques cannot be directly applied, most radio monitoring devices use Nyquist wideband sensing to discover the huge frequency range. In practice, sensing is normally conducted by an FFT sweep spectrum analyzer that delivers the power spectral density (PSD) values to the radio monitoring system. The channel segmentation is the initial step of a comprehensive signal analysis in a radio monitoring system based on the PSD values. In this paper, a novel approach for channel segmentation is presented that is based on a quantization and a histogram evaluation of the measured PSD. It will be shown that only the combination of both evaluations will lead to an successful automatic channel segmentation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is shown in a real radio monitoring szenario.
A former remote area power supply was converted to a smart cogeneration subnet with combined heat and power to develop and validate a forecast based energy management at the University of Applied Sciences in Offenburg/Germany. Locally processed weather forecasts and forecasted demand profiles are integrated to allow a precise reaction to changes of fluctuating power sources, changes in scheduled demand profiles and to improve the energy efficiency of the supply. The management of the electrical and thermal storages is influenced by the forecasted energy contributions and the forecasted demand. Further approaches should improve the accuracy of forecasting algorithms and integrate parameter models gained of a detailed monitoring to realize predictive controllers.
Nowadays, it is assumed of many applications, companies and parts of the society to be always available online. However, according to [Times, Oct, 31 2011], 73% of the world population do not use the internet and thus aren't “online” at all. The most common reasons for not being “online” are expensive personal computer equipment and high costs for data connections, especially in developing countries that comprise most of the world’s population (e.g. parts of Africa, Asia, Central and South America). However it seems that these countries are leap-frogging the “PC and landline” age and moving directly to the “mobile” age. Decreasing prices for smart phones with internet connectivity and PC-like operating systems make it more affordable for these parts of the world population to join the “always-online” community. Storing learning content in a way accessible to everyone, including mobile and smart phones, seems therefore to be beneficial. This way, learning content can be accessed by personal computers as well as by mobile and smart phones and thus be accessible for a big range of devices and users. A new trend in the Internet technologies is to go to “the cloud”. This paper discusses the changes, challenges and risks of storing learning content in the “cloud”. The experiences were gathered during the evaluation of the necessary changes in order to make our solutions and systems “cloud-ready”.
The invention relates to the field of transporting flat substrates such as silicon substrates. In particular, the invention relates to particularly protective and continuous transport of such substrates. The method according to the invention is used to transport a vertically aligned flat substrate (1) comprising two flat sides in a transport direction inside a transport channel (2) that is at least partially filled with a liquid medium (F), wherein said liquid medium (F) flows against at least one of the flat sides of the substrate (1) and has a supporting component, which lifts the sum of the weight and buoyancy force of the substrate (1), and an advancing component, which is directed in the transport direction, so that the substrate (1) is supported and transported without mechanical aids. The device according to the invention comprises a transport channel (2) for accommodating a liquid medium (F) and a substrate (1) to be guided in vertical alignment within said medium (F), wherein the transport channel (2) has inflow openings (5) in the walls (3, 4).
Formal Description of Inductive Air Interfaces Using Thévenin's Theorem and Numerical Analysis
(2014)
With the development of new integrated circuits to interface radio frequency identification protocols, inductive air interfaces have become more and more important. Near field communication is not only able to communicate, but also possible to transfer power wirelessly and to build up passive devices for logistical and medical applications. In this way, the power management on the transponder becomes more and more relevant. A designer has to optimize power consumption as well as energy harvesting from the magnetic field. This paper discusses a model with simple equations to improve transponder antenna matching. Furthermore, a new numerical analysis technique is presented to calculate the coupling factors, inductions, and magnetic fields of multiantenna systems.
Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation allows successful treatment of most supraventricular reentrant and focal tachycardias and an increasing number of ventricular tachycardias. Different catheter tips are used. While AV nodal reentrant tachycardias require catheters with a tip of 4mm length, an 8 mm tip electrodes will be used for atrial flutter. A pulmonary vein isolation will be performed using 4 mm irrigated tip electrodes to achieve larger and deeper lesions. The need of a tubing set and pump for saline transfusion is a disadvantage of this technique. Gold tip electrodes can alternatively be used to produce increases in lesion size. Aim of this study was to compare RF ablation catheters of exactly the same geometry with either platin-iridum or gold tip.
Methods: Gold provides an almost four-fold thermal conductivity compared with platinum-iridium. The Cerablate G flutter (Osypka AG, Rheinfelden-Herten) is a newly designed radiofrequency ablation catheter with an 8 mm gold tip. Its power delivery was compared with the Cerablate flutter of same geometry but platin-iridium tip. Therefore, in-vitro RF ablations were performed using pork meat in a 0.9% saline solution at 37°C temperature. A pulsed volume flow was generated using a pump to simulate the blood flow. Temperature controlled ablations of 60 seconds using 45, 55 and 65°C and a maximum of 70W RF power were performed.
Results: Using the Osypka HAT300smart ablator, cumulative power of 167, 474 and 672W was delivered with gold tip against 121, 227 and 310 W with platin-iridium tip. By the Stockert SmartAblate G4 ablator, 202, 546 and 1075W was delivered with gold tip against 117, 246 and 394W with platin-iridium using 45, 55 and 65°C temperature.
Conclusion: During in-vitro investigations, the gold tip electrodes allowed a in power delivery increase of 117 up to 173%. Thus, gold tips can be used to increase lesion depth and diameter without cooling equipment.