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Disturbances of the cardiac conduction system causing reentry mechanisms above the atrioventricular (AV) node are induced by at least one accessory pathway with different conducting properties and refractory periods. This work aims to further develop the already existing and continuously expanding Offenburg heart rhythm model to visualise the most common supraventricular reentry tachycardias to provide a better understanding of the cause of the respective reentry mechanism.
A simple measuring method for acquiring the radiation pattern of an ultrawide band Vivaldi antenna is presented. The measuring is performed by combining two identical Vivaldi antennas and some of the intrinsic properties of a stepped-frequency continue wave radar (SFCW radar) in the
range from 1.0 GHz to 6.0 GHz. A stepper-motor provided the azimuthal rotation for one of the antennas from 0 ◦ to 360 ◦. The tests have been performed within the conventional environment (laboratory / office) without using an anechoic chamber or absorbing materials. Special measuring devices have not been used either. This method has been tested with different pairs of Vivaldi antennas and it can be also used for different ones (with little or no change in the system), as long as their operational
bandwidth is within the frequency range of the SFCW radar.
Keywords — SFCW Radar, Antenna Gain Characterization,
Azimuthal Radiation Pattern
Electronic pills, smart capsules or miniaturized microsystems swallowed by human beings or animals for various biomedical and diagnostic applications are growing rapidly in the last years. This paper searched out the important existing electronic pills in the market and prototypes in research centers. Further objective of this research is to develop a technology platform with enhanced feature to cover the drawback of most
capsules. The designed telemetry unit is a synchronous bidirectional communication block using continuous phase DQPSK of 115 kHz low carrier frequency for inductive data transmission suited for human body energy transfer. The communication system can assist the electronic pill to trigger an actuator for drug delivery, to record temperature, or to measure pH of the body. It consists additionally to a 32bit processor, memory, external peripheries, and detection facility. The complete system is designed to fit small-size mass medical application with low power consumption, size of 7x25mm. The system is designed, simulated and emulated on FPGA.
In recent years, the topic of embedded machine learning has become very popular in AI research. With the help of various compression techniques such as pruning, quantization and others compression techniques, it became possible to run neural networks on embedded devices. These techniques have opened up a whole new application area for machine learning. They range from smart products such as voice assistants to smart sensors that are needed in robotics. Despite the achievements in embedded machine learning, efficient algorithms for training neural networks in constrained domains are still lacking. Training on embedded devices will open up further fields of applications. Efficient training algorithms would enable federated learning on embedded devices, in which the data remains where it was collected, or retraining of neural networks in different domains. In this paper, we summarize techniques that make training on embedded devices possible. We first describe the need and requirements for such algorithms. Then we examine existing techniques that address training in resource-constrained environments as well as techniques that are also suitable for training on embedded devices, such as incremental learning. At the end, we also discuss which problems and open questions still need to be solved in these areas.
The Metering Bus, also known as M-Bus, is a European standard EN13757-3 for reading out metering devices, like electricity, water, gas, or heat meters. Although real-life M-Bus networks can reach a significant size and complexity, only very simple protocol analyzers are available to observe and maintain such networks. In order to provide developers and installers with the ability to analyze the real bus signals easily, a web-based monitoring tool for the M-Bus has been designed and implemented. Combined with a physical bus interface it allows for measuring and recording the bus signals. For this at first a circuit has been developed, which transforms the voltage and current-modulated M-Bus signals to a voltage signal that can be read by a standard ADC and processed by an MCU. The bus signals and packets are displayed using a web server, which analyzes and classifies the frame fragments. As an additional feature an oscilloscope functionality is included in order to visualize the physical signal on the bus. This paper describes the development of the read-out circuit for the Wired M-Bus and the data recovery.
Most recently, the federal government in Germany published new climate goals in order reach climate neutrality by 2045. This paper demonstrates a path to a cost optimal energy supply system for the German power grid until the year 2050. With special regard to regionality, the system is based on yearly myopic optimization with the required energy system transformation measures and the associated system costs. The results point out, that energy storage systems (ESS) are fundamental for renewables integration in order to have a feasible energy transition. Moreover, the investment in storage technologies increased the usage of the solar and wind technologies. Solar energy investments were highly accompanied with the installation of short-term battery storage. Longer-term storage technologies, such as H2, were accompanied with high installations of wind technologies. The results pointed out that hydrogen investments are expected to overrule short-term batteries if their cost continues to decrease sharply. Moreover, with a strong presence of ESS in the energy system, biomass energy is expected to be completely ruled out from the energy mix. With the current emission reduction strategy and without a strong presence of large scale ESS into the system, it is unlikely that the Paris agreement 2° C target by 2050 will be achieved, let alone the 1.5° C.
Active participation of industrial enterprises in electricity markets - a generic modeling approach
(2021)
Industrial enterprises represent a significant portion of electricity consumers with the potential of providing demand-side energy flexibility from their production processes and on-site energy assets. Methods are needed for the active and profitable participation of such enterprises in the electricity markets especially with variable prices, where the energy flexibility available in their manufacturing, utility and energy systems can be assessed and quantified. This paper presents a generic model library equipped with optimal control for energy flexibility purposes. The components in the model library represent the different technical units of an industrial enterprise on material, media, and energy flow levels with their process constraints. The paper also presents a case study simulation of a steel-powder manufacturing plant using the model library. Its energy flexibility was assessed when the plant procured its electrical energy at fixed and variable electricity prices. In the simulated case study, flexibility use at dynamic prices resulted in a 6% cost reduction compared to a fixed-price scenario, with battery storage and the manufacturing system making the largest contributions to flexibility.
A coordinated operation of decentralised micro-scale hybrid energy systems within a locally managed network such as a district or neighbourhood will play a significant role in the sector-coupled energy grid of the future. A quantitative analysis of the effects of the primary energy factors, energy conversion efficiencies, load profiles, and control strategies on their energy-economic balance can aid in identifying important trends concerning their deployment within such a network. In this contribution, an analysis of the operational data from five energy laboratories in the trinational Upper-Rhine region is evaluated and a comparison to a conventional reference system is presented. Ten exemplary data-sets representing typical operation conditions for the laboratories in different seasons and the latest information on their national energy strategies are used to evaluate the primary energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and demand-related costs. Various conclusions on the ecologic and economic feasibility of hybrid building energy systems are drawn to provide a toe-hold to the engineering community in their planning and development.
Schulgebäude im Liegenschaftsbestand vieler Kommunen treten in den vergangenen Jahren immer stärker ins Interesse der Öffentlichkeit. Viele der Gebäude stammen aus den 70-er oder 80-er Jahren und stehen im Rahmen der Bestandserhaltung für Modernisierungsmaßnahmen an. Insbesondere die hohen Betriebskosten für die Heizung hatten bisher Maßnahmen für den winterlichen Wärmeschutz in den Vordergrund gestellt. Die verstärkt auftretenden sommerlichen Extremtemperaturen an Unterrichtstagen der vergangenen Jahre zeigen zudem einen Handlungsbedarf im Bereich des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes auf. Für die Aufgaben des Gebäudemanagements und zur Umsetzung eines energieeffizienten Gebäudebetriebs zeigen sich immer stärker die Vorteile einer vielseitig einsetzbaren Gebäudeautomation, die über zentrale Stellen des FM (z.B. Technisches Rathaus) zugänglich ist.
In this paper, we study the runtime performance of symmetric cryptographic algorithms on an embedded ARM Cortex-M4 platform. Symmetric cryptographic algorithms can serve to protect the integrity and optionally, if supported by the algorithm, the confidentiality of data. A broad range of well-established algorithms exists, where the different algorithms typically have different properties and come with different computational complexity. On deeply embedded systems, the overhead imposed by cryptographic operations may be significant. We execute the algorithms AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305, HMAC-SHA256, KMAC, and SipHash on an STM32 embedded microcontroller and benchmark the execution times of the algorithms as a function of the input lengths.
Vorgestellt wird ein Konzept zur biologischen Methanisierung von Wasserstoff direkt in Biogasreaktoren, mit dem durch Membranbegasung der Methangehalt des Biogases auf > 96 % erhöht werden kann. Essentiell zum Erreichen solch hoher Methanwerte sind die Einhaltung eines optimalen pH-Bereichs und die Vermeidung von H2-Akkumulation. Im Falle einer Limitierung der Methanbildungsrate durch den eigentlichen anaeroben Abbauprozess der Biomasse ist auch eine externe Zufuhr von CO2 zur weiteren Methanbildung denkbar. Das Verfahren soll weiter optimiert und in einem von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt geförderten Projekt in der Biogasanlage einer regionalen Käserei in der Praxis getestet werden. Die hier angestrebte Kombination aus dezentraler Abfallverwertung und Eigenenergieerzeugung eines lebensmittelverarbeitenden Betriebs unter Einbindung in ein intelligentes Erneuerbare Energien - Konzept soll einen zusätzlichen Mehrwert liefern.
The variable refrigerant flow system is one of the best heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC) thanks to its ability to provide thermal comfort inside buildings. But, at the same time, these systems are considered one of the most energy-consuming systems in the building sector. Thus, it is crucial to well size the system according to the building’s cooling and heating needs and the indoor temperature fluctuations. Although many researchers have studied the optimization of the building energy performance considering heating or cooling needs, using air handling units, radiant floor heating, and direct expansion valves, few studies have considered the use of multi-objective optimization using only the thermostat setpoints of VRF systems for both cooling and heating needs. Thus, the main aim of this study is to conduct a sensitivity analysis and a multi-objective optimization strategy for a residential building containing a variable refrigerant flow system, to evaluate the effect of the building performance on energy consumption and improve the building energy efficiency. The numerical model was based on the EnergyPlus, jEPlus, and jEPlus+EA simulation engines. The approach used in this paper has allowed us to reach significant quantitative energy saving by varying the cooling and heating setpoints and scheduling scenarios. It should be stressed that this approach could be applied to several HVAC systems to reduce energy-building consumption.
Der Cache-Speicher für den Softprozessor SIRIUS ist ein 4-fach assoziativer Cache-Speicher, der mit einem DDR-Interface auf einen externen Speicher zugreifen kann. Er verwaltet und beschleunigt Zugriffe vom Prozessor auf diesen Speicher. Der Cache-Speicher arbeitet intern mit 32 Bit und der doppelten Prozessortaktfrequenz und ermöglicht Systeme mit größeren Speicheranforderungen ohne signifikante Performanceverluste. Der Cache-Speicher wurde mit der Hardwarebeschreibungssprache VHDL erstellt und mit dem bestehenden Mikrocontrollersystem verbunden.
Das Gesamtsystem wurde zunächst simuliert und anschließend mit dem Cyclone III FPGA Starter Kit von Altera, welches ein 32 MB DDR-RAM-Modul zur Verfügung stellt, durch Ausführen eines Testprogramms erfolgreich verifiziert. Für den kompletten Cache-Speicher werden inklusive der Pins für den externen Oszillator und des Reset-Tasters 3805 Logik-Zellen, 27 M9K-Blöcke, 44 Pins und eine PLL benötigt.
The present work ties in with the problem of bicycle road assessment that is currently done using expensive special measuring vehicles. Our alternative approach for road condition assessment is to mount a sensor device on a bicycle which sends accelerometer and gyroscope data via WiFi to a classification server. There, a prediction model determines road type and condition based on the sensor data. For the classification task, we compare different machine learning methods with each other, whereby validation accuracies of 99% can be achieved with deep residual networks such as InceptionTime. The main contribution of this work with respect to comparable work is that we achieve excellent accuracies on a realistic dataset classifying road conditions into nine distinct classes that are highly relevant for practice.
High mobility, electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) show high DC performance at low voltages (< 2 V). To model those EGTs, we have used different models for the below and the above threshold regime with appropriate interpolation to ensure continuity and smoothness over all regimes. This empirical model matches very well with our measured results obtained by the electrical characterization of EGTs.
The paper compares different anti-windup strategies for the current control of inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) controlled by pulse-width modulation. In this respect, the focus is on the drive behavior with a relatively large product of stator frequency and sampling time. A requirement for dynamically high-quality anti-windup measures is, among other things, a sufficiently accurate decoupling of the stator current direct axis and quadrature axis components even at high stator frequencies. Discrete-time models of the electrical subsystem of the PMSM are well suited for this purpose, of which the method found to be the most accurate in a preliminary investigation is used as the basis for all anti-windup methods examined. Simulation studies and measurement results document the performance of the compared methods.
Robust scheduling problem is a major decision problem that is addressed in the literature, especially for remanufacturing systems; this problem is complex because of the high uncertainty and complex constraints involved. Generally, the existing approaches are dedicated to specific processes and do not enable the quick and efficient generation and evaluation of schedules. With the emergence of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, data availability is now considered an opportunity to facilitate the decision-making process. In this study, a data-driven decisionmaking process is proposed to treat the robust scheduling problem of remanufacturing systems in uncertain environments. In particular, this process generates simulation models based on a data-driven modeling approach. A robustness evaluation approach is proposed to answer several decision questions. An application of the decision process in an industrial case of a remanufacturing system is presented herein, illustrating the impact of robustness evaluation results on real-life decisions.
The energy system is changing since some years in order to achieve the climate goals from the Paris Agreement which wants to prevent an increase of the global temperature above 2 °C [1]. Decarbonisation of the energy system has become for governments a big challenge and different strategies are being stablished. Germany has set greenhouse gas reduction limits for different years and keeps track of the improvement made yearly. The expansion of renewable energy systems (RES) together with decarbonisation technologies are a key factor to accomplish this objective.
This research is done to analyse the effect of introducing biochar, a decarbonisation technology, and study how it will affect the energy system. Pyrolysis is the process from which biochar is obtained and it is modelled in an open-source energy system model. A sensibility analysis is done in order to assess the effect of changing the biomass potential and the costs for pyrolysis.
The role of pyrolysis is analysed in the form of different future scenarios for the year 2045 to evaluate the impact when the CO2 emission limit is zero. All scenarios are compared to the reference scenario, where pyrolysis is not considered.
Results show that biochar can be used to compensate the emissions from other conventional power plant and achieve an energy transition with lower costs. Furthermore, it was also found that pyrolysis can also reduce the need of flexibility. This study also shows that the biomass potential and the pyrolysis costs can strongly affect the behaviour of pyrolysis in the energy system.
In 2015, Google engineer Alexander Mordvintsev presented DeepDream as technique to visualise the feature analysis capabilities of deep neural networks that have been trained on image classification tasks. For a brief moment, this technique enjoyed some popularity among scientists, artists, and the general public because of its capability to create seemingly hallucinatory synthetic images. But soon after, research moved on to generative models capable of producing more diverse and more realistic synthetic images. At the same time, the means of interaction with these models have shifted away from a direct manipulation of algorithmic properties towards a predominance of high level controls that obscure the model's internal working. In this paper, we present research that returns to DeepDream to assess its suit-ability as method for sound synthesis. We consider this research to be necessary for two reasons: it tackles a perceived lack of research on musical applications of DeepDream, and it addresses DeepDream's potential to combine data driven and algorithmic approaches. Our research includes a study of how the model architecture, choice of audio data-sets, and method of audio processing influence the acoustic characteristics of the synthesised sounds. We also look into the potential application of DeepDream in a live-performance setting. For this reason, the study limits itself to models consisting of small neural networks that process time-domain representations of audio. These models are resource-friendly enough to operate in real time. We hope that the results obtained so far highlight the attractiveness of Deep-Dream for musical approaches that combine algorithmic investigation with curiosity driven and open ended exploration.
Im ASIC Design Center der Hochschule Offenburg wird ein Design Kit für die UMC 0.18μm Faraday Technologie aufbereitet. Dabei werden alle benötigten Dateien, welche für einen zunächst rein digitalen Chipentwurf unter Verwendung der Synopsys, Cadence und Mentor Tools benötigt werden, für den UMC 0.18μm Prozess zusammengestellt.
The efficient support of Hardwae-In-theLoop (HIL) in the design process of hardwaresoftware-co-designed systems is an ongoing challenge. This paper presents a network-based integration of hardware elements into the softwarebased image processing tool „ADTF“, based on a high-performance Gigabit Ethernet MAC and a highly-efficient TCP/IP-stack. The MAC has been designed in VHDL. It was verified in a SystemCsimulation environment and tested on several Altera FPGAs.
In this paper an RFID/NFC (ISO 15693 standard) based inductively powered passive SoC (system on chip) for biomedical applications is presented. A brief overview of the system design, layout techniques and verification method is dis-cussed here. The SoC includes an integrated 32 bit microcontroller, sensor interface circuit, analog to digital converter, integrated RAM, ROM and some other peripherals required for the complete passive operation. The entire chip is realized in CMOS 0.18 μm technology with a chip area of 1.52mm x 3.24 mm.
Mit dem Übergang zu immer komplexeren Designs an der Hochschule Offenburg werden DFT-Strukturen wie „Boundary Scan“ und „Scan“ in ASIC-Designs notwendig. Die DFT-Struktur Scan wird hierbei zukünftig bei Implementierung eines speziellen Scan Chain der Core Logic des ASIC-Designs verwendet und danach in der Boundary Scan Architektur integriert.
Zunächst werden die Strukturen im recht einfachen ASIC-Design „Rolling Dice“, entwickelt am IAF der Hochschule Offenburg, implementiert. Nach Verifizierung der Funktionalität der Strukturen durch Emulation erfolgt die Einführung in komplexere ASIC-Design wie Front-End ASIC DQPSK sowie Prozessor-ASIC PDA V.2 (beide ebenfalls entwickelt am IAF der Hochschule Offenburg).
Eine Verifizierung der mit DFT-Strukturen ausgestatteten komplexeren ASIC-Design erfolgt im Rahmen dieser Ausarbeitung nicht, Bezug genommen wird hauptsächlich auf die Einführung der DFT-Strukturen in das ASIC-Design des „Rolling Dice“.
Ein Vergleich von Aufwand gegenüber Nutzen bei Implementierung von DFT-Strukturen in „kleine“ gegenüber „große“ ASIC-Design bildet ein wichtiges Fazit.
The research project Ko-TAG [2], as part of the research initiative Ko-FAS [1], funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technologies (BMWi), deals with the development of a wireless cooperative sensor system that shall pro-vide a benefit to current driver assistance systems (DAS) and traffic safety applications (TSA). The system’s primary function is the localization of vulnerable road users (VRU) e.g. pedestrians and powered two-wheelers, using communication signals, but can also serve as pre-crash (surround) safety system among vehicles. The main difference of this project, compared to previous ones that dealt with this topic, e.g. the AMULETT project, is an underlying FPGA based Hardware-Software co-design. The platform drives a real-time capable communication protocol that enables highly scalable network topologies fulfilling the hard real-time requirements of the single localization processes. Additionally it allows the exchange of further data (e.g. sensor data) to support the accident pre-diction process and the channel arbitration, and thus supports true cooperative sensing. This paper gives an overview of the project’s current system design as well as of the implementations of the key HDL entities supporting the software parts of the communication protocol. Furthermore, an approach for the dynamic reconfiguration of the devices is described, which provides several topology setups using a single PCB design.
Im Rahmen einer Master Thesis wurde ausgehend von einem vorhandenen System On Chip Design, welches eingehende EKG-Datensignale verarbeitet, das bestehende System so erweitert dass es komplett über den standardisierten SPI-Bus steuerbar und auslesbar ist.
The Thread protocol is a recent development based on 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4), but with extensions regarding a more media independent approach, which – additionally – also promises true interoperability. To evaluate and analyse the operation of a Thread network a given open source 6LoWPAN stack for embedded devices (emb::6) has been extended in order to comply with the Thread specification. The implementation covers Mesh Link Establishment (MLE) and network layer functionality as well as 6LoWPAN mesh under routing mechanism based on MAC short addresses. The development has been verified on a virtualization platform and allows dynamical establishment of network topologies based on Thread's partitioning algorithm.
Digitaler Phasenreglerkreis mit numerisch gesteuertem Oszillator als LCA-Microcontroller Kombination
(1992)
Am Beispiel einer Schrittmotor-Indexerschaltung wird der effektive Einsatz von konfigurierbaren Logic Cell Arrays in Zusammenwirkung mit einem Mikrokontroller demonstriert, wobei die hohe Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit des LCAs den Bereich der Schaltung übernimmt und im Regelkreis die arithmetrische Berechnung durchführt. Die Konfiguration des LCA aus dem EPROM des Controllers führt zu einer ungewöhnlichen Flexibilität des Entwurfs und ermöglicht zahlreiche andere Anwendungen mit dieser Architektur.
Peer-to-peer energy trading and local electricity markets have been widely discussed as new options for the transformation of the energy system from the traditional centralized scheme to the novel decentralized one. Moreover, it has also been proposed as a more favourable alternative for already expiring feed in tariff policies that promote investment in renewable energy sources. Peer-to-peer energy trading is usually defined as the integration of several innovative technologies, that enable both prosumers and consumers to trade electricity, without intermediaries, at a consented price. Furthermore, the techno-economic aspects go hand in hand with the socio-economic aspects, which represent at the end significant barriers that need to be tackled to reach a higher impact on current power systems. Applying a qualitative analysis, two scalable peer-to-peer concepts are presented in this study and the possible participant´s entry probability into such concepts. Results show that consumers with a preference for environmental aspects have in general a higher willingness to participate in peer-to-peer energy trading. Moreover, battery storage systems are a key technology that could elevate the entry probability of prosumers into a peer-to-peer market.
Teaching and learning concepts that are adapted to the constantly evolving requirements due to rapid technological progress are essential for teaching in media photonics technology. After the development of a concept for research-oriented education in optics and photonics, the next step will be a conceptual restructuring and redesign of the entire curriculum for education in media photonics technology. By including typical research activities as essential components of the learning process, a broad platform for practical projects and applied research can be created, offering a variety of new development opportunities.
OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) is already a well-known concept used widely in the automation industry. In the area of factory automation, OPC UA models the underlying field devices such as sensors and actuators in an OPC UA server to allow connecting OPC UA clients to access device-specific information via a standardized information model. One of the requirements of the OPC UA server to represent field device data using its information model is to have advanced knowledge about the properties of the field devices in the form of device descriptions. The international standard IEC 61804 specifies EDDL (Electronic Device Description Language) as a generic language for describing the properties of field devices. In this paper, the authors describe a possibility to dynamically map and integrate field device descriptions based on EDDL into OPCUA.
Die angestrebten Klimaschutzziele erfordern, dass Erneuerbare Energien längerfristig zur Hauptenergiequelle der Energieversorgung werden. Um dieses ehrgeizige Ziel zu erreichen, ist es angebracht konventionelle und erneuerbare Energie oder noch besser nachhaltige Einzelprozesse intelligent miteinander zu verknüpfen.
Das Projekt EBIPREP wird von einer interdisziplinären Forschergruppe bestehend aus Chemikern, Prozessingenieuren und Bioprozessingenieuren sowie Physikern, die auf Sensoren und Prozesssteuerung spezialisiert sind durchgeführt. Das Ziel ist es, neue Lösungen für die Nutzungswege von Holzhackschnitzeln und den bei der mechanischen Trocknung anfallenden Holzpresssaft zu entwickeln. Neben der Hackschnitzelvergasung und der katalytischen Reinigung des Holzgases steht die Nutzung des Holzpresssafts in Biogasanlagen und bei der biotechnologischen Wertstofferzeugung, z.B. bei der Enzymherstellung, im Vordergrund.
Was wir tun?
Das EBIPREP-Projekt wird von einer interdisziplinären Forschungsgruppe durchgeführt, die sich aus Chemikern, Prozessingenieuren, Bioprozessingenieuren und Physikern zusammensetzt. Ziel ist es, neue Lösungen für den Einsatz von Hackschnitzeln und Holzpresssaft zu entwickeln, die durch ein innovatives mechanisches Trocknungsverfahren gewonnen werden. Neben der Holzvergasung und katalytischen Reinigung des Holzgases ist der Einsatz von Holzpresssaft in Biogasanlagen und in biotechnologischen Produktionsprozessen von Wertstoffen vorgesehen. Holzhackschnitzel werden thermisch vergast. Es werden Online-Sensoren entwickelt, um die relevanten Parameter der stabilisierten und optimierten Einzelprozesse auszuwerten. Die Verknüpfung von thermischen und biotechnologischer Konversionsprozessen könnte dazu beitragen, die Dimension von Biogasreaktoren erheblich zu reduzieren. Diese Tatsache wird folglich zu einer spürbaren Kostensenkung führen.
Ziele des EBIPREP-Projekts
• die Vorteile der thermischen und biologischen Umwandlung von Biomasse zu kombinieren;
• Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Reduzierung von Schadstoffemissionen mit innovativen Sensoren und katalytische Behandlung von Synthesegasen;
• nachhaltige Produktion biotechnologischer wertvoller Produkte
• wirtschaftliche und ökologische Analyse des Gesamtprozesses im Vergleich zu den Einzelprozessen
• Einsatz von Prozessabwässern zur Erzeugung regenerativer Energie oder biotechnologischer Wertstoffe
• Erwerb neuer Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Rückgewinnungstechnik von Rückständen
• und Energieerzeugung;
• Erweiterung neuer Anwendungsfelder für innovative Sensoren und Keramik
• Schäume für Katalysatoren;
• Senkung der Kosten für die Biogasproduktion
Im geplanten Übersichtsvortrag werden die vernetzten Strukturen des Projekts EBIPREP und deren zentralen Ergebnisse vorgestellt.
Enhancing engineering creativity with automated formulation of elementary solution principles
(2023)
The paper describes a method for the automated formulation of elementary creative stimuli for product or process design at different levels of abstraction and in different engineering domains. The experimental study evaluates the impact of structured automated idea generation on inventive thinking in engineering design and compares it with previous experimental studies in educational and industrial settings. The outlook highlights the benefits of using automated ideation in the context of AI-assisted invention and innovation.
Für die Implementation in ASIC's wurde ein kompakter Mikroprozessor-Kernel als Standardzellen-Makro entworfen. Durch konsequenten Einsatz von Hochsprachen und CAE-Werkzeugen (VHDL, Synthese) konnte ein vollständiges Design in nur vier Monaten durchgeführt werden. Der Prozessor wird in einem Testchip erprobt.
An der FH Offenburg arbeiten seit Ende 1989 in einem Team die Professoren Dr. Jansen, Dr. Schüssele, die wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter Bernd Reinke, Martin Jörger und die Diplomanden Hans Fiesel, Otmar Feißt an dem Entwurf eines Nachrichtenempfängers. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts, genannt GPS-Projekt (GPS = Global Positioning System), wurde im Herbst 1990 ein experimenteller Empfänger in Betrieb genommen. Nachdem die Testergebnisse gezeigt hatten,daß das Konzept der Anlage stimmte, ging es nun um die Miniaturisieriung, Integration und Optimierung der Schaltung. Außerdem sollte der bisher verwendete PC durch einen auf der Platine befindlichen Mikroprozessor ersetzt werden. Im Zusammenhang mit dem GPS-Projekt wurden bisher im Offenburger ASIC-Labor eine Analogschaltung auf einem B500, drei LCA Designs und diverse GAL's entwickelt.
Zur Zeit arbeiten mehrere Diplomanden an der zweiten Generation des Empfängers. Meine Aufgabe besteht darin, die dort noch in drei LCA's untergebrachte digitale Logik sowie einen Teil des bisherigen PC-Interface in einem IMS Gate Forrest zu integrieren. Außerdem muß die Logik von 8 Bit auf einen 16 Bit breiten Datenbus umgestellt und an die neue Peripherie des Mikroprozessors angepasst werden. Damit soll die jetzige Digital-Platine noch weiter verkleinert werden. Wesentlich ist dabei die Umsetzung der zahlreichen Zähler- und Registerstrukturen in einem Gate Forrest. Als Arbeitsmittel stehen Apollo Workstations mit Mentor Software zur Verfügung.
Die Fachhochschule Offenburg bietet den Studenten des Fachbereichs Nachrichtentechnik seit Ende 1990 das Wahlfach "Entwicklung integrierter Anwenderschaltkreise (ASIC)" an. Ziel des Wahlfachs ist es, den Studenten Grundkenntnisse im Entwurf eines ASIC's zu vermitteln, und wie im folgenden Beitrag aufgezeigt, die Möglichkeit zu bieten, den gesamten Entwurfszyklus von der Schaltungsentwicklung bis hin zur Fertigungsmaske zu durchlaufen.
Elektronische Türschilder zur Darstellung von Informationen sind insbesondere in öffentlichen Gebäuden zwischenzeitlich weit verbreitet. Die Varianz dieser elektronischen Türschilder reicht vom Tablet-basierten Türschild bis hin zum PC-basierten Türschild mit externem Bildschirm. Zumeist werden die Systeme mit 230 V betrieben. Bei einer großen Summe von Türschildern in öffentlichen Gebäuden kann dies zu einem signifikanten Umsatz an Energie führen. Im Rahmen dieses Papers wird die Entwicklung eines energieautarken arbeiten Türschildes vorgestellt, bei dem ein E-Paper-Display zum Einsatz kommt. Das Türschild lässt sich per Smartphone-App und NFC-Schnittstelle konfigurieren. Es wird insbesondere auf das Low-Power-Hardware-Design der Elektronik und energetische Aspekte eingegangen.
Die neueste Generation von programmierbaren Logikbausteinen verfügt neben den konfigurierbaren Logikzellen über einen oder mehrere leistungsfähige Mikroprozessoren. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie ein bestehendes Zwei-Chip-System auf einen Xilinx Zynq 7000 mit zwei ARM A9-Cores migriert wird. Bei dem System handelt es sich um das „GPS-gestützte Kreisel-system ADMA“ des Unternehmens GeneSys. Die neue Lösung verbessert den Datenaustausch zwischen dem ersten Mikroprozessor zur digitalen Signalverarbeitung und dem zweiten Prozessor zur Ablaufsteuerung durch ein Shared Memory. Für die schnelle und echtzeitfähige Datenübertragung werden zahlreiche hochbitratige Schnittstellengenutzt.
Die Elektronikindustrie bietet für die Realisierung digitaler Logik eine Vielzahl integrierter Bausteine an, die ein Höchstmaß an Zuverlässigkeit als auch Integrationsdichte ermöglichen.
Je nach Integrationsdichte unterscheidet man hierbei zwischen Standardlogik (TTL,CMOS,DTL...), programmierbarer Logik (PLA, GAL...), Gate Arrays und ASIC-Bausteinen. Mit steigender Integrationsdichte werden Systemeigenschaften verbessert, wie Leistungsverbrauch, Platzbedarf, und Zuverlässigkeit.
Jedoch steht ihr auch ein stark erhöhter Kosten- und Entwicklungsaufwand gegenüber, der den Einsatz hochintegrierter Bausteine in Einzelfertigung bzw. Kleinserien verhindert.
Xilinx bietet nun mit seiner LCA-Produktreihe (logic cell array) eine Alternative zu bestehender hochintegrierbarer Logik an, mit der es möglich sein soll, Vorteile der genannten Einzelproduktgruppen zu übernehmen, und deren Nachteile zu beseitigen.
Im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit wurde ein solcher LCA-Baustein (XC3020) eingesetzt. Anhand der gegebenen konkreten Anwendung konnte hierbei untersuch twerden, wie schnell sich ein solcher Baustein in bestehende Hardware eingliedern läßt, und welche Integrationsdichte er ermöglicht.
Im Folgenden sollen nun als Schwerpunkte das Einsatzgebiet, die Entwicklung und die Simulation des LCA bei vorliegender Aufgabenstellung aufgezeigt werden.
Im Frühjahr 1995 entstand die Idee, einen Lottozahlengenerator als Demonstrations- und Studienobjekt, für die Anwendung komplexer digitaler Entwurfsmethoden, zu entwerfen. Mit Hilfe der Schaltung ist es möglich, 6 verschiedene Zahlen zufällig aus 49 Zahlen zu ermitteln. Bei der Ziehung der einzelnen Zahlen werden verschiedene Töne und Melodien erzeugt. Die Schaltung ist so konzipiert, daß eine einfache Bedienung möglich ist. Der Chip wurde als Standardzellen-Entwurf mit einer Fläche von ca. 7 um² geroutet.
Als Fortsetzung des FHOP-Projektes wurde an der Fachhochschule Offenburg auf Basis des bestehenden Mikroprozessorkerns im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit ein Mikrocontroller in ES2-0.7 μm-Technologie entworfen. Der Controller wurde modular aufgebaut mit den Komponenten: FHOP-Mikroprozessor, Buscontroller, Waitstate-Chipselect-Einheit, 16x16 Bit Multiplizierer, 2KB ROM, 256 Byte RAM, Watchdog, PIO mit 16 konfigurierbaren Ports, SIO, 2 Timer und ein Interruptcontroller für 8 Interrputquellen.
Der Chip benötigt bei einer Komplexität von ca. 65400 Transistoren eine Siliziumfläche von etwa 27 mm². Er wurde im September 1996 zur Fertigung gegeben und mittlerweile erfolgreich getestet. Das interne ROM des Mikrocontrollers enthält das BIOS sowie ein Testprogramm. Zur Erstellung der Software steht eine komplette Entwicklungsumgebung zur Verfügung. Sämtliche Komponenten stehen im FHOP-Design-Kit in Kürze zur Verfügung.
Mit zunehmend komplexer werdenden Schaltungen wachsen auch die Anforderungen an die Entwicklung einer entsprechenden Leiterplatte. Mit der BOARD-Station von MENTOR-Graphics können professionelle Leiterplatten entwickelt werden.
Im Rahmen dreier Entwicklungsprojekte an der Fachhochschule Offenburg wurden mehrere aufwendige Layoutentwürfe mit der BOARD-Station in verschiedenen Diplomarbeiten durchgeführt. Im Folgenden wird über die dabei gewonnenen Erfahrungen berichtet.
An der Fachhochschule Offenburg wird der Design-Kit FHO_MTC_CMOS_035_v1.0 erstellt. Mit Hilfe dieses Kits lassen sich Designs in der AMI O.35 Mikrometer Technologie entwerfen. Alle durchgeführten Arbeiten werden durch den Entwurf eines Lottozahlengenerator-Chips verifiziert, der gefertigt wird. Damit sind alle wesentlichen Schritte bekannt, die für die Aufbereitung eines Design-Kits für beliebige Technologien für die Mentor-Tools erforderlich sind. Der Design-Kit wird für alle MPC-Mitglieder freigegen, die eine NDA für AMI bei Europractice unterzeichnet haben.
Erstellen von Hardmakros und Aufbau einer Zellbibliothek unter Verwendung des ES2-Library-Kits
(1993)
Es wird eine Anleitung zur Erstellung von Hardmakros mit der Mentor-Graphics-Software gegeben. Die Hardmakros werden mit Standardzellen aus der ES2-Bibliothek der Firma EUROCHIP aufgebaut. Die Hardmakros werden in eine eigenständige Bibliothek abgelegt und können in neuen Chip-Designs verwendet werden.
The increasing diffusion of rapidly developing AI technologies led to the idea of the experiment to combine TRIZ-based automated idea generation with the natural language processing tool ChatGPT, using the chatbot to interpret the automatically generated elementary solution principles. The article explores the opportunities and benefits of a novel AI-enhanced approach to teaching systematic innovation, analyses the learning experience, identifies the factors that affect students' innovation and problem-solving performance, and highlights the main difficulties students face, especially in interdisciplinary problems.
Die hochfrequente, feldnumerische Analyse mit der Finite-Differenzen Methode erfordert die Diskretisierung der zu untersuchenden Struktur in einem nichtäquidistanten Gitter. Vorschriften zur Diskretisierung kreiszylindrischer Strukturen wie sie z.B. bei Durchkontaktierungen auftreten, werden untersucht und eine optimierte Lösung vorgestellt.
FHOP-Mikroprozessor-Kernel
(1995)
Meeting the requirements of smart grids local, decentralized subnets will offer additional potentials to stabilize and compensate the utility grid mainly on the low voltage level. In a quite complex configuration these decentralized energy systems are combined power, heat and cooling power distributions. According to the regional and local availability of renewable energy sources advanced energy management concepts should consider climatic conditions as well as the state of the interacting utility grid and consumption profiles. The approach uses demonstrational setups to develop a forecast based energy management for trigeneration subnets by taking into account the running conditions of local electrical and thermal energy conversion units. This should lead to the best coverage of the demand and supporting/stabilizing the utility grid at the same time. For the first of three demonstrational projects the priorities of the subnet are given with the maximization of the CHP operation to substitute a major part of the heating and cooling power delivered by electric heaters or compression chillers.
Activities for rehabilitation and prevention are often lengthy and associated with pain and frustration. Their playful enrichment (hereafter: gamification) can counteract this, resulting in so-called “exergames”. However, in contrast to games designed solely for entertainment, the increased motivation and immersion in gamified training can lead to a reduced perception of pain and thus to health deterioration. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor activities continuously. However, only an AI-based system able to generate autonomous interventions could vacate the therapists’ costly time and allow better training at home. An automated adjustment of the movement training’s difficulty as well as individualized goal setting and control are essential to achieve such autonomy. This article’s contribution is two-fold: (1) We portray the potentials of gamification in the health area. (2) We present a framework for smart rehabilitation and prevention training allowing autonomous, dynamic, and gamified interactions.
To achieve Germany's climate targets, the industrial sector, among others, must be transformed. The decarbonization of industry through the electrification of heating processes is a promising option. In order to investigate this transformation in energy system models, high-resolution temporal demand profiles of the heat and electricity applications for different industries are required. This paper presents a method for generating synthetic electricity and heat load profiles for 14 industry types. Using this methodology, annual profiles with a 15-minute resolution can be generated for both energy demands. First, daily profiles for the electricity demand were generated for 4 different production days. These daily profiles are additionally subdivided into eight end-use application categories. Finally, white noise is applied to the profile of the mechanical drives. The heat profile is similar to the electrical but is subdivided into four temperature ranges and the two applications hot water and space heating. The space heating application is additionally adjusted to the average monthly outdoor temperature. Both time series were generated for the analysis of an electrification of industrial heat application in energy system modelling.
Auf dem Markt existiert eine Vielzahl an PDAs. Alle haben einen sehr hohen Funktionsumfang und übertreffen sich von Generation zu Generation und erfordern einen hohen Entwicklungsaufwand von ganzen Entwicklerteams.
Der in dieser Arbeit entwickelte PDA mit seiner Hard- und Software soll kein Konkurrenzprodukt darstellen, sondern aufzeigen, was mit hausinternen Mitteln der Hochschule Offenburg möglich ist und gegebenenfalls eine Benutzeroberfläche für bestehende oder noch kommende Projekte bilden.
Das hier entstandene Gerät ist im Akkumulator-Betrieb autonom und kann als eigenständiges System betrieben werden. Als Herzstück dient das Softcore SIRIUS Mikroprozessorsystem, das als VHDL-Modell in einem FPGA emuliert wird.
Zum Darstellen des grafischen Betriebsystems, welches speziell für dieses PDA entwickelt wurde, wird ein AMOLED-Display verwendet. Dieses besitzt ein Touchpanel, welches zur Steuerung des Systems genutzt wird. Softwareseitig sind Grundfunktionen zur Darstellung von Bildern und Texten entstanden, sowie Beispielanwendungen, die diese benutzen. Das grafische Betriebssystem ist modular und ermöglicht die direkte Weiterentwicklung von Anwendungen für das System.
Grey-box modelling combines physical and data-driven models to benefit from their respective advantages. Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) offer new possibilities for grey-box modelling, as differential equations given by physical laws and neural networks can be combined in a single modelling framework. This simplifies the simulation and optimization and allows to consider irregularly-sampled data during training and evaluation of the model. We demonstrate this approach using two levels of model complexity; first, a simple parallel resistor-capacitor circuit; and second, an equivalent circuit model of a lithium-ion battery cell, where the change of the voltage drop over the resistor-capacitor circuit including its dependence on current and State-of-Charge is implemented as NODE. After training, both models show good agreement with analytical solutions respectively with experimental data.
Android is an operating system which was developed for use in smart mobile phones and is the current leader in this market. A lot of efforts are being spent to make Android available to the embedded world, as well. Many embedded systems do not have a local GUI and are therefore called headless devices. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the general suitability of Anroid in headless embedded systems and ponders the advantages and disadvantages. It focuses on the hardware related issues, i.e. to what extent Android supports hardware peripherals normally used in embedded systems.
Hochspannungs-Mischstrom-Übertragung (HMÜ) - Eine Ergänzung zu bestehenden Übertragungstechnologien?
(2019)
Bei der Mischstromübertragung wird einem Wechselstrom direkt ein Gleichstrom überlagert. Wechselstrom und Gleichstrom werden also auf dem gleichen Seil geführt.
Dadurch könnten die bereits bestehenden Drehstrom-Übertragungs-Strecken des Übertragungsnetzes genutzt werden.
Durch eine Aufschaltung des Gleichstromes auf vorhandene Freileitungen kann theoretisch bei kurzen Leitungen (<150km) bis zu 50% mehr Wirkleistung und bei großen Übertragungsstrecken (>300km) in etwa eine Verdopplung der übertragbaren Wirkleistung erwartet werden.
Theoretisch betrachtet ist die Mischstrom-Übertragung eine geometrische Addition aller Strom- und Spannungskomponenten, was zu einer Erhöhung der Leiter-Erde-Spannung führt, ohne dabei Einfluss auf die verkettete Spannung zu nehmen.
Außerdem wird die Übertragung von Blindströmen unnötig, da ein natürlicher Betrieb von Leitungen des HDÜ-Netzes empfehlenswert ist.
Die theoretischen Betrachtungen konnten mathematisch bewiesen und die technische Umsetzung mit einem 1:1000-Modellsystem demonstriert und bestätigt werden.
An import ban of Russian energy sources to Germany is currently being increasingly discussed. We want to support the discussion by showing a way how the electricity system in Germany can manage low energy imports in the short term and which measures are necessary to still meet the climate protection targets. In this paper, we examine the impact of a complete stop of Russian fossil fuel imports on the electricity sector in Germany, and how this will affect the climate coals of an earlier coal phase-out and climate neutrality by 2045.
Following a scenario-based analysis, the results gave a point of view on how much would be needed to completely rely on the scarce non-renewable energy resources in Germany. Huge amounts of investments would be needed in order to ensure a secure supply of electricity, in both generation energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS). The key findings are that a rapid expansion of renewables and storage technologies will significantly reduce the dependence of the German electricity system on energy imports. The huge integration of renewable energy does not entail any significant imports of the energy sources natural gas, hard coal, and mineral oil, even in the long term. The results showed that a ban on fossil fuel imports from Russia outlines huge opportunities to go beyond the German government's climate targets, where the 1.5-degree-target is achieved in the electricity system.
Sustainable Aspects force a building manager to continuous observation of actual states and developments concerning building use, energy and media flows.In the presented approach a communication structure was built up to use different software applications and tools in order to optimize the operation of the building.
Today the methods of numerical simulation of sheet metal forming offer a great diversity of possibilities for optimization in product development and in process design. However, the results from simulation are only available as virtual models. Because there are any forming tools available during the early stages of product development, physical models that could serve to represent the virtual results are therefore lacking. Physical 3D-models can be created using 3D-printing and serve as an illustration and present a better understanding of the simulation results. In this way, the results from the simulation can be made more “comprehensible” within a development team. This paper presents the possibilities of 3D-colour printing with particular consideration of the requirements regarding the implementation of sheet metal forming simulation. Using concrete examples of sheet metal forming, the manufacturing of 3D colour models will be expounded upon on the basis of simulation results.
Implementierung von Softcore-Prozessoren und/oder weiteren IPs (Intellectual Property) in FPGAs
(2018)
Die zunehmende Integration von kompletten Systemen auf einem Chip (System-on-Chip, SoC) erfordert auch immer die Integration einer Recheneinheit bzw. eines Prozessorkerns. Möchte man insbesondere Low-Power-SoC-Systeme entwickeln, z.B. drahtlose Sensor-SoC-Systeme für Anwendungen im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0, ist die Implementierung eines solchen Prozessorkerns mit hohen Herausforderungen verbunden. Prinzipiell können hierfür verschiedene Ansätze verfolgt werden, nämlich die Implementierung einer Hardcore Prozessor-IP (IP = Intellectual Property) oder einer Softcore-Prozessor-IP. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst auf den derzeitigen Stand der Technik verfügbarer Hardcore- oder Softcore-Prozessoren unter den Randbedingungen der Low-Power-Anforderungen und der weiten Verbreitung des Cores in industriellen Anwendungen eingegangen. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse der Implementierung und Evaluierung eines derzeit frei verfügbaren 16-bit MSP430-kompatiblen Softcore Prozessors auf einem Altera-Cyclon-FPGA vorgestellt. Aus den Ergebnissen wird ein entsprechendes Fazit für die Implementierung von Low-Power-SoC-Systeme gegeben.
In this paper, a new method is demonstrated for online remote simulation of photovoltaic systems. The required communication technology for the data exchange is introduced and the methods of PV generator parameter extraction for the simulation models are analysed. The method shown for parameter extraction from the manufacturer data is especially useful for the commissioning procedure, where the measured installed power is transferred to standard test conditions using the simulation model and can then be easily compared with the design power. At a simulation accuracy of 2% using the software environment INSEL ® any problems with the PV generator can reliably be detected. Online simulation of a grid connected PV generator is then carried out during the operation of the photovoltaic plant. The visualisation includes both the monitored and the simulated online data sets, so that a very efficient fault detection scheme is available. The method is implemented and validated on several grid connected photovoltaic power plants in Germany. It is excellently suited to provide automatic and real time fault detection and significantly improve the commissioning procedure for photovoltaic plants of all sizes.
Inner Congo
(2023)
This research-creation project, part of the DE\GLOBALIZE artistic research cycle presented at the #IFM2022 Conference, investigates the complexities of Congo violence, care, and colonialism. Drawing on Michel Serres' metaphor of the great estuaries, the study explores the topology of interactive documentaries, blending theory, emotion, and personal experiences. Accessible through the interactive web documentation at http://deglobalize.com, the platform offers a media-archaeological archive for speculative ethnography, enabling the forensic processing of single documents in line with actor-network theory.
Established robot manufacturers have developed methods to determine and optimize the accuracy of their robots. These methods vary from robot manufacturers to their competitors. Due to the lack of published data, a comparison of robot performance is difficult. The aim of this article is to find methods to evaluate important characteristics of a robot with an accurate and cost-effective setup. A laser triangulation sensor and geometric referenced spheres were used as a base to compare the robot performance.
Seit einiger Zeit wird an der Fachhochschule in Offenburg ein Entwicklungsprojekt verfolgt, an dessen Ende ein GPS Empfänger stehen soll. Dabei handelt es sich um einen Satellitenempfänger, mit dem weltweit eine genaue dreidimensionale Standortbestimmung durchgeführt werden kann. Für diesen Empfänger sollte ein Großteil der Analogschaltung, bestehend aus ZF Verstärker, Costas Loop Synchrondemodulator und Pegeldetektor, in das Transistorarray B500a von AEG intgriert werden. Das Chipdesign wurde im Labor für ASIC Design an der FH Offenburg während des Wintersemesters 1990/91 erstellt. Gefertigt wurde der Chip von der Firma AEG in Ulm, wobei die Fertigungszeit des ASIC 6 Wochen betragen hat.
iSign - internet based simulation of guided wave propagation - ist eine Lernumgebung für Online-Laborversuche. Die Client-Serverarchitektur nutzt server-seitig das Tool F3D, das elektromagnetische Felder in 3D-Strukturen berechnet. Ein Apache-Webserver (unter Linux) bedient den Theorie-/Aufgaben-Teil und die Lernsystemadministration. Ein HPUX Simulationsserver steuert und kontrolliert den mehrstufigen Simulationsvorgang. Eine MySQL-Datenbank erlaubt dynmaische Webseiten-Generierung und Simulations-, Projekt- und Userdatenhaltung. Java-Applets, JavaServer Pages und JavaBeans erzeugen die interaktive Client-Oberfläche zur Eingabe, Ergebnisdarstellung und für Online-Virtual Reality. Die einheitlich gestaltete Benutzeroberfläche verbirgt die Systemkomplexität.
Die Fachhochschule Offenburg bietet seit dem Wintersemester 1990/91 den Studenten des Fachbereichs Nachrichtentechnik das Wahlpflichtfach ASIC-Design an. Schon kurz nach der Errichtung des ASIC-Design-Centers im Frühjahr 1990 ermöglicht sie damit künftigen Ingenieuren eine Ausbildung in einem Bereich, der in der modernen Schaltungsentwicklung nicht mehr wegzudenken ist.
Legacy industrial communication protocols are proved robust and functional. During the last decades, the industry has invented completely new or advanced versions of the legacy communication solutions. However, even with the high adoption rate of these new solutions, still the majority industry applications run on legacy, mostly fieldbus related technologies. Profibus is one of those technologies that still keep on growing in the market, albeit a slow in market growth in recent years. A retrofit technology that would enable these technologies to connect to the Internet of Things, utilize the ever growing potential of data analysis, predictive maintenance or cloud-based application, while at the same time not changing a running system is fundamental.
Im Rahmen eines GPS-Projektes ist an der Fachhochschule Offenburg ein Konzept für einen experimentellen Navigationsempfänger entstanden. Hierfür wurde der digitale Teil entwickelt und aufgebaut. Für die Realisierung der Schaltung sollten benutzerprogrammierbare Gate Arrays von Xilinx (LCAs) verwendet werden, die sich schon bei einer anderen Arbeit an der Fachhochschule bewährt hatten.
Nachfolgend möchte ich dem Leser einen Überblick über das GPS-System und die Entwicklung der LCAs geben.
This paper describes a taxonomy which allows to assess and compare different implementations of master data objects. A systematic breakdown of core entities provides a framework to tell apart four subdividing categories of master data objects: independent and dependent objects, relational objects, and reference objects that serve to attribute information. This supports the preparation of data migrations from one system to another.
In the railway technical centers, scheduling the maintenance activities is a very complex task, it consists in ordering, in the time, all the maintenance operations on the workstations, while respecting the number of resources, precedence constraints, and the workstations' availabilities. Currently, this process is not completely automatic. For improving this situation, this paper presents a mathematical model for the maintenance activities scheduling in the case of railway remanufacturing systems. The studied problem is modeled as a flexible job-shop, with the possibility for a job to be executed several times on a stage. MILP formulation is implemented with the Makespan as an objective, representing the time for remanufacturing the train. The aim is to create a generic model for optimizing the planning of the maintenance activities and improving the performance of the railway technical centers. At last, numerical results are presented, discussing the impact of the instances size on the computing time to solve the described problem.
Machine-to-machine communication is continuously extending to new application fields. Especially smart metering has the potential to become the first really large-scale M2M application. Although in the future distributed meter devices will be mainly connected via dedicated primary communication protocols, like ZigBee, Wireless
M-Bus or alike, a major percentage of all meters will be connected via point to point communication using GPRS or UMTS platforms. Thus, such meter devices have to be extremely cost and energy efficient, especially if the devices are battery based and powered several years by a single battery. This paper presents the development of an automated measurement unit for power and time, thus energy characteristics can be recorded. The measurement unit includes a hardware platform for the device
under test (DUT) and a database based software environment for a smooth execution and analysis of the measurements.
This paper explores the potential of an m-learning environment by introducing the concept of mLab, a remote laboratory environment accessible through the use of handheld devices.
We are aiming to enhance the existing e-learning platform and internet-assisted laboratory settings, where students are offered in-depth tutoring, by providing compact tuition and tools for controlling simulations that are made available to learners via handheld devices. In this way, students are empowered by having access totheir simulations from any place and at any time.
The paper is addressing the needs of the universities regarding qualification of students as future R&D specialists in efficient techniques for successfully running innovation process. In comparison with the engineers, the students often demonstrate lower motivation in learning systematic inventive techniques, like for example TRIZ methodology, and prefer random brainstorming for idea generation. The quality of obtained solutions also depends on the level of completeness of the problem analysis, which is more complex and time consuming in the case of interdisciplinary systems. The paper briefly describes one-semester-course of 60 hours in new product development with the Advanced Innovation Design Approach and TRIZ methodology, in which a typical industrial innovation process for one selected interdisciplinary mechatronic product is modelled.
Lithium-ion batteries show strongly nonlinear behaviour regarding the battery current and state of charge. Therefore, the modelling of lithium-ion batteries is complex. Combining physical and data-driven models in a grey-box model can simplify the modelling. Our focus is on using neural networks, especially neural ordinary differential equations, for grey-box modelling of lithium-ion batteries. A simple equivalent circuit model serves as a basis for the grey-box model. Unknown parameters and dependencies are then replaced by learnable parameters and neural networks. We use experimental full-cycle data and data from pulse tests of a lithium iron phosphate cell to train the model. Finally, we test the model against two dynamic load profiles: one consisting of half cycles and one dynamic load profile representing a home-storage system. The dynamic response of the battery is well captured by the model.
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