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Increasing global energy demand and the need to transition to sustainable energy sources to mitigate climate change, highlights the need for innovative approaches to improve the resilience and sustainability of power grids. This study focuses on addressing these challenges in the context of Morocco's evolving energy landscape, where increasing energy demand and efforts to integrate renewable energy require grid reinforcement strategies. Using renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies, this study aims to develop a methodology for strengthening rural community grids in Morocco.
Traditional reinforcement measures such as line and transformer upgrades will be investigated as well as the integration of power generation from photovoltaic systems, which offer a promising way to utilise Morocco's abundant solar resources. In addition, energy storage systems will be analysed as potential solutions to the challenges of grid stability and resilience. Using comprehensive data analysis, scenario planning and simulation methods with the open-source simulation software Panda Power, this study aims to assess the impact of different grid reinforcement measures, including conventional methods, photovoltaic integration, and the use of energy storage, on grid performance and sustainability. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a more resilient and sustainable energy future in Morocco.
Based on a rural medium-voltage grid in Souihla, Morocco, three scenarios were carried out to assess the impact of demand growth in 2030 and 2040. The first scenario focuses on conventional grid reinforcement measures, while the second scenario incorporates energy from residential photovoltaic systems. The third scenario analyses the integration of storage systems and their impact on grid reinforcement in 2030.
The simulations with energy from photovoltaic systems show a reduction in grid reinforcement measures compared to the scenario without solar energy. In addition, the introduction of a storage system in 2030 led to a significant reduction in the required installed transformer capacity and fewer congested lines. Furthermore, the results emphasized the role of storage in stabilizing grid voltage levels.
In summary, the results highlighted the potential benefits of integrating energy from photovoltaics and storage into the grid. This integration not only reduces the need for transformers and overall grid infrastructure but also promotes a more efficient and sustainable energy system.
Ziel und Tempo der Energiewende sind gesetzt. Der Ausstieg aus der Stromproduktion in Kernkraftwerken soll bis 2022 geschafft sein. Eine Elektrizitätserzeugung, die auf erneuerbaren Energien beruht, soll die bisherige Erzeugung auf der Grundlage von Kohle, Kernbrennstoffen und Erdgas bis 2050 stufenweise weitgehend ablösen und damit maßgeblich zu den Klimaschutzzielen der Bundesregierung beitragen. Der Weg zu diesen Zielen ist für die Beteiligten hingegen noch nicht deutlich einsehbar. Viele offene Fragestellungen technischer, ökonomischer, legislativer und gesellschaftlicher Natur verstellen den Blick auf eine klare Strategie zur Erreichung der energiepolitischen Ziele. Vielschichtige Aufgaben und immense Herausforderungen kommen mit der Mammutaufgabe „Energiewende“ auf Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Bevölkerung zu. Ein wichtiger Enabler für die erfolgreiche Integration von Wind- und Sonnenenergie sowie für neue Prozesse, Marktrollen und Technologien ist die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT). An diesem Punkt setzt die hier vorliegende Studie an.
Photovoltaics Energy Prediction Under Complex Conditions for a Predictive Energy Management System
(2015)
Am 1. Juli 2022 trafen sich im Rahmen des Abschlusskolloquiums des Projekts ACA-Modes rund 60 Teilnehmende aus Forschung, Lehre und Industrie zu einer internationalen Konferenz an der Hochschule Offenburg. Hier wurden die Projektergebnisse rund um die erfolgreiche Implementierung modellprädiktiver Regelstrategien vorgestellt, aktuelle Fragestellungen diskutiert und Entwicklungspfade hin zu einem netzdienlichen Betrieb von Energieverbundsystemen skizziert.
Ecological concerns on the climatic effects of the emissions from electricity production stipulate the remuneration of electricity grids to accept growing amounts of intermittent regenerative electricity feed-in from wind and solar power. Germany’s eager political target to double regenerative electricity production by 2030 puts pressure on grid operators to adapt and restructure their transmission and distribution grids. The ability of local distribution grids to operate autonomous of transmission grid supply is essential to stabilize electricity supply at the level of German federal states. Although congestion management and collaboration at the distribution system operator (DSO) level are promising approaches, relatively few studies address this issue. This study presents a methodology to assess the electric energy balance for the low-voltage grids in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg, assuming the typical load curves and the interchange potential among local distribution grids by means of linear programming of the supply function and for typical seasonal electricity demands. The model can make a statement about the performance and development requirements for grid architecture for scenarios in 2035 and 2050 when regenerative energies will—according to present legislation—account for more than half of Germany’s electricity supply. The study details the amendment to Baden-Württemberg’s electricity grid required to fit the system to the requirements of regenerative electricity production. The suggested model for grid analysis can be used in further German regions and internationally to systematically remunerate electricity grids for the acceptance of larger amounts of regenerative electricity inflows. This empirical study closes the research gap of assessing the interchange potential among DSO and considers usual power loads and simultaneously usual electricity inflows.
Kolbenmotoren finden in der Energieversorgung vielfältig Verwendung als Notstromaggregate, als Antrieb für Pumpen in Großkraftwerken und in dezentralen Blockheizkraftwerken (BHKW). Motoren für Notstromaggregate und zum Antrieb von Arbeitsmaschinen werden meist mit Diesel-Kraftstoff betrieben. In BHKW dominieren Gasmotoren, wobei Erdgas, Bio-, Deponie- oder Klärgas bevorzugt sind. Die wesentliche Thermodynamik der Otto-, Diesel- und Stirling-Motoren wird in Kürze behandelt, während die Gasmotoren tiefere Behandlung finden. Die Motoren für die Energieversorgung stammen i. Allg. von mobilen Anwendungen ab und werden an die energietechnischen Anwendungen angepasst. Technische Details der Motoren sind in der Fachliteratur zu finden, z. B. [1]. Die Website [2] gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über Hersteller und deren Kolbenmotoren.
Die Hochschule Offenburg begleitet seit Juli 2006 in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Fraunhofer ISE in Freiburg und der HfT Stuttgart die solar unterstützte Klimatisierung der Festo AG & Co. KG in Esslingen. Die Anlage wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens „Solarthermie2000plus“ vom Bundesumweltministerium gefördert. Dabei wurde die bereits bestehende Adsorptionskälteanlage, die bisher mit Kompressorabwärme und Gaskesseln betrieben wurde, durch eine Solaranlage als drittem Wärmelieferanten ergänzt.
The energy supply of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (HS OG) was changed from separate generation to trigeneration in 2007/2008. Trigeneration was installed for supplying heat, cooling and electrical power at HS OG. In this paper, trigeneration process and its modes of operation along with the layout of the energy facility at HS OG were described. Special emphasis was given to the operation schemes and control strategies of the operation modes: winter mode, transition mode and summer mode. The components used in the energy facility were also outlined. Monitoring and data analysis of the energy system was carried out after the commissioning of trigeneration in the period from 2008 to 2011. Thus, valuable performance data was obtained.
Optimal microgrid scheduling with peak load reduction involving an electrolyzer and flexible loads
(2016)
This work consists of a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model for defining optimized schedules of components in a grid-connected microgrid. The microgrid includes a hydrogen energy system consisting of an alkaline electrolyzer, hydrogen cylinder bundles and a fuel cell for energy storage. Local generation is provided from photovoltaic panels, and the load is given by a fixed load profile combined with a flexible electrical load, which is a battery electric vehicle. The electrolyzer has ramp-up constraints which are modeled explicitly. The objective function includes, besides operational costs and an environmental indicator, a representation of peak power costs, thus leading to an overall peak load reduction under optimized operation. The model is used both for controlling a microgrid in a field trial set-up deployed in South-West Germany and for simulating the microgrid operation for defined period, thus allowing for economic system evaluation. Results from defined sample runs show that the energy storage is primarily used for trimming the peak of electricity drawn from the public grid and is not solely operated with excess power. The flexible demand operation also helps keeping the peak at its possible minimum.
Passive solar elements for both direct and indirect gains, are systems used to maintain a comfortable living environment while saving energy, especially in the building energy retrofit and adaptation process. Sunspaces, thermal mass and glazing area and orientation have been often used in the past to guarantee adequate indoor conditions when mechanical devices were not available. After a period of neglect, nowadays they are again considered as appropriate systems to help face environmental issues in the building sector, and both international and national legislation takes into consideration the possibility of including them in the building planning tools, also providing economic incentives. Their proper design needs dynamic simulation, often difficult to perform and time consuming. Moreover, results generally suffer from several uncertainties, so quasi steady-state procedures are often used in everyday practice with good results, but some corrections are still needed. In this paper, a comparative analysis of different solutions for the construction of verandas in an existing building is presented, following the procedure provided by the slightly modified and improved Standard EN ISO 13790:2008. Advantages and disadvantages of different configurations considering thermal insulation, windows typology and mechanical ventilation systems are discussed and a general intervention strategy is proposed. The aim is to highlight the possibility of using sunspaces in order to increase the efficiency of the existing building stock, considering ease of construction and economic viability.
Energy Performance of Verandas in the Building Retrofit Process (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303093420_Energy_Performance_of_Verandas_in_the_Building_Retrofit_Process [accessed Jul 5, 2017].