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Die Verwendung von Kameras als Messmittel für medizinische Anwendungen setzt deren präzise Kalibrierung voraus. Gängige Verfahren modellieren die Abbildungseigenschaften einer Kamera mittels perspektivischer Projektion und parametrisierter Funktionen zur Beschreibung von Linsenverzerrung. In den Randbereichen des Kamerabildes sind diese Modelle oft unzureichend. Außerdem bedingt die Verwendung starrer Kalibriermuster eine in der Regel kleine Anzahl an nicht gleichmäßig verteilten Punktkorrespondenzen zur Bestimmung der Modellparameter. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein vollkommen neues und nicht auf Modellen basierendes Kalibrierverfahren vorgestellt, bei dem jedes Kamerapixel unabhängig von jedem anderen kalibriert wird.
This work describes a non-parametric camera-based method for the calibration of Optical See-Through Glasses (OSTG). Existing works model the optical system through perspective projection and parametric functions. In the border areas of the displays such models are often inadequate. Moreover, rigid calibration patterns, that produce only a small amount of non-equidistant point correspondences, are used. In order to overcome these disadvantages every single display pixel is calibrated individually. The error prone user interaction is avoided by using cameras placed behind the displays of the OSTG. The displays show a shifting pattern that is used to calculate the pixels' locations. A camera mounted rigidly on the OSTG is used to find the relations between the system components. The obtained results show better accuracies than in previous works and prove that a second calibration step for user adaptation is necessary for high accuracy applications.
Gamification implies the application of methods and design patterns from gaming to non-gaming areas like learning or working. We applied an existing gamification design to production processes in an organization which provides sheltered employment for impaired persons. In contrast to existing work, we investigated not only a short period but a complete workday to measure the effects on the work performance. The study indicates that gamification has (1) a negative effect on workers with considerable cognitive impairments, (2) no significant effect on workers with medium cognitive impairments and (3) a positive effect on workers with mild cognitive impairments.
In this work, we investigate how gamification can be integrated into work processes in the automotive industry. The contribution contains five parts: (1) An introduction showing how gamification has become increasingly common, especially in education, health and the service industry. (2) An analysis on the state of the art of gamified applications, discussing several best practices. (3) An analysis of the special requirements for gamification in production, regarding both external norms and the mindset of workers in this domain. (4) An overview of first approaches towards a gamification of production, focusing on solutions for impaired workers in sheltered work organizations. (5) A study with a focus group of instructors at two large car manufacturers. Based on the presentation of three potential designs for the gamification of production, the study investigates the general acceptance of gamification in modern production and determines which design is best suited for future implementations.
Die Vielfalt der Protokolle, die praktisch auf allen Ebenen der Netzwerkkommunikation zu berücksichtigen ist, stellt eine der großen Herausforderungen bei der fortschreitenden Automatisierung des intelligenten Hauses dar. Unter dem Überbegriff Internet der Dinge (Internet of Things) entstehen gegenwärtig zahlreiche neue Entwicklungen, Standards, Allianzen und so genannte Ökosysteme. Diese haben die Absicht einer horizontalen Integration gewerkeübergreifender Anwendungen und verfolgen fast alle das Ziel, die Situation zu vereinfachen, die Entwicklungen zu beschleunigen und Markterfolge zu erreichen. Leider macht diese Vielfalt momentan die Welt aber eher noch komplexer und bringt damit das Risiko mit sich, genau das Gegenteil der ursprünglichen Absichten zu erreichen. Dieser Beitrag versucht, die Entwicklungen möglichst systematisch zu kategorisieren und mögliche Lösungsansätze zu beschreiben.
In the age data digitalization, important applications of optics and photonics based sensors and technology lie in the field of biometrics and image processing. Protecting user data in a safe and secure way is an essential task in this area. However, traditional cryptographic protocols rely heavily on computer aided computation. Secure protocols which rely only on human interactions are usually simpler to understand. In many scenarios development of such protocols are also important for ease of implementation and deployment. Visual cryptography (VC) is an encryption technique on images (or text) in which decryption is done by human visual system. In this technique, an image is encrypted into number of pieces (known as shares). When the printed shares are physically superimposed together, the image can be decrypted with human vision. Modern digital watermarking technologies can be combined with VC for image copyright protection where the shares can be watermarks (small identification) embedded in the image. Similarly, VC can be used for improving security of biometric authentication. This paper presents about design and implementation of a practical laboratory experiment based on the concept of VC for a course in media engineering. Specifically, our contribution deals with integration of VC in different schemes for applications like digital watermarking and biometric authentication in the field of optics and photonics. We describe theoretical concepts and propose our infrastructure for the experiment. Finally, we will evaluate the learning outcome of the experiment, performed by the students. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High mobility, electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) show high DC performance at low voltages (< 2 V). To model those EGTs, we have used different models for the below and the above threshold regime with appropriate interpolation to ensure continuity and smoothness over all regimes. This empirical model matches very well with our measured results obtained by the electrical characterization of EGTs.
The industry of the agave-derived bacanora, in the northern Mexican state of Sonora, has been growing substantially in recent years. However, this higher demand still lies under the influences of a variety of social, legal, cultural, ecological and economic elements. The governmental institutions of the state have tried to encourage a sustainable development and certain levels of standardization in the production of bacanora by applying different economical and legal strategies. However, a large portion of this alcoholic beverage is still produced in a traditional and rudimentary fashion. Beyond the quality of the beverage, the lack of proper control, by using adequate instrumental methods, might represent a health risk, as in several cases traditional-distilled beverages can contain elevated levels of harmful materials. The present article describes the qualitative spectral analysis of samples of the traditional-produced distilled beverage bacanora in the range from 0 cm−1 to 3500 cm−1 by using a Fourier Transform Raman spectrometer. This particular technique has not been previously explored for the analysis of bacanora, as in the case of other beverages, including tequila. The proposed instrumental arrangement for the spectral analysis has been built by combining conventional hardware parts (Michelson interferometer, photo-diodes, visible laser, etc.) and a set of self-developed evaluation algorithms. The resulting spectral information has been compared to those of pure samples of ethanol and to the spectra from different samples of the alcoholic beverage tequila. The proposed instrumental arrangement can be used the analysis of bacanora.
Institute of Reliable Embedded Systems and Communication Electronics, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany has developed an automated testing environment, Automated Physical TestBeds (APTB), for analyzing the performance of wireless systems and its supporting protocols. Wireless physical networking nodes can connect to this APTB and the antenna output of this attaches with the RF waveguides. To model the RF environment this RF waveguides then establish wired connection among RF elements like splitters, attenuators and switches. In such kind of set up it’s well possible to vary the path characteristics by altering the attenuators and switches. The major advantage of using APTB is the possibility of isolated, well controlled, repeatable test environment in various conditions to run statistical analysis and even to execute regression tests. This paper provides an overview of the design and implementation of APTB, demonstrates its ability to automate test cases, and its efficiency.
Due to a controversial enrollment policy in most engineering programs at German Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS), many freshmen show very low school grades in key subjects like Math and Physics. Nevertheless they expect to be entertained in the lectures and get demotivated easily. Despite initial reservations, a cheer-and-challenge approach was developed for teaching Mechanics to freshmen having very diverse school grades. When tested, it showed astonishing results.
IPv6 over LoRaWAN™
(2016)
Although short-range wireless communication explicitly targets local and regional applications, range continues to be a highly important issue. The range directly depends on the so-called link budget, which can be increased by the choice of modulation and coding schemes. The recent transceiver generation in particular comes with extensive and flexible support for software-defined radio (SDR). The SX127× family from Semtech Corp. is a member of this device class and promises significant benefits for range, robust performance, and battery lifetime compared to competing technologies. This contribution gives a short overview of the technologies to support Long Range (LoRa™) and the corresponding Layer 2 protocol (LoRaWAN™). It particularly describes the possibility to combine the Internet Protocol, i.e. IPv6, into LoRaWAN™, so that it can be directly integrated into a full-fledged Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed solution, which we name 6LoRaWAN, has been implemented and tested; results of the experiments are also shown in this paper.
Battery degradation is a complex physicochemical process that strongly depends on operating conditions and environment. We present a model-based analysis of lithium-ion battery degradation in smart microgrids, in particular, a single-family house and an office tract with photovoltaics generator. We use a multi-scale multi-physics model of a graphite/lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cell including SEI formation as ageing mechanism. The cell-level model is dynamically coupled to a system-level model consisting of photovoltaics, inverter, power consumption profiles, grid interaction, and energy management system, fed with historic weather data. The behavior of the cell in terms of degradation propensity, performance, state of charge and other internal states is predicted over an annual operation cycle. As result, we have identified a peak in degradation rate during the battery charging process, caused by charging overpotentials. Ageing strongly depends on the load situation, where the predicted annual capacity fade is 1.9 % for the single-family house and only 1.3 % for the office tract.
Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established therapy for heart failure (HF) patients (P) with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and electrical interventricular desynchronization, but not all P improved clinically. The aim of the study was to evaluate electrical interventricular delay (IVD) to LV delay (LVD) ratio in atrial fibrillation (AF) CRT responder (R) and non-responder (NR).
Methods: AF P (n = 18, age 60.6 ± 11.4 years, 1 female, 17 males) with HF New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3.0 ± 0.2, 25.3 ± 5.9 % LV ejection fraction and 157.8 ± 24.4 ms QRS duration (QRSD) were measured by surface ECG and focused transesophageal bipolar LV ECG before implantation of CRT pacemaker (n = 2) or CRT defibrillator (n = 16). IVD was measured between onset of QRS in the surface ECG and onset of LV signal in the LV ECG. LVD was measured between onset and offset of LV signal in the LV ECG.
Results: Electrical ventricular desynchronization in AF CRT P were 61.9 ± 26.9ms IVD, 80.6 ± 24.3ms LVD, 0.85 ± 0.41 IVD-LVD-ratio (Figure), 3.12 ± 1.89 QRSD-IVD-ratio and 2.07 ± 0.47 QRSD-LVD-ratio. There were 72.2 % AF CRT R (n = 13) with 64.2 ± 24.6ms IVD and 77.8 ± 21.6ms LVD with Pearson correlation to 0.89 ± 0.39 IVD-LVD-ratio (r = 0.87, P < 0.01; r = -0.69, P < 0.01), 2.82 ± 1.32 QRSD-IVD-ratio (r = -0.76, P < 0.01; r = 0.67, P = 0.011) and 2.13 ± 0.46 QRSD-LVD-ratio (r = 0.57, P = 0.041; r = -0.85, P < 0.01). There were 27.8% AF CRT NR (n = 5) with 56.0 ± 34.5ms IVD and 87.8 ± 31.9ms LVD without correlation to 0.74 ± 0.48 IVD-LVD-ratio, 3.88 ± 2.98 QRSD-IVD-ratio and 1.90 ± 0.48 QRSD-LVD-ratio. During 15.3 ± 13.1 month CRT follow-up, the AF CRT R NYHA class improved from 3.0 ± 0.2 to 2.2 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001). During 18.8 ± 20.7 month CRT follow-up, the AF CRT NR NYHA class not improved from 3 to 3.3 ± 0.97.
The Paper presents the design and development of a blended learning concept for an engineering course in the field of color representation and display technologies. A suitable learning environment is crucial for the success of the teaching scenario. A mixture of theoretical lectures and hands-on activities with practical applications and experiments, combined with the advantages of modern digital media is the main topic of the paper. Blended learning describes the didactical change of attendance periods and online periods. The e-learning environment for the online period is designed toward an easy access and interaction. Present digital media extends the established teaching scenarios and enables the presentation of videos, animations and augmented reality (AR). Visualizations are effective tools to impart learning contents with lasting effect. The preparation and evaluation of the theoretical lectures and the hands-on activities are stimulated and affects positively the attendance periods. The tasks and experiments require the students to work independently and to develop individual solution strategies. This engages and motivates the students, deepens the knowledge. The authors will present their experience with the implemented blended learning scenario in this field of optics and photonics. All aspects of the learning environment will be introduced.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have emerged as interesting topic in the research community due to its manifold applications. One of the main challenges of this field is the energy consumption of the nodes, which typically is quite restricted due to the required lifetime of such WSNs. To solve that problem several energy-saving MAC protocols have been developed so far. One of them recently presented by the authors is the so-called SmartMAC as an extension to the IEEE802.15.4 standard. In this paper, we present the implementation details of the porting of the SmartMAC protocol to the discrete event network simulator NS3. We develop this module for NS3 to simulate the performance, multi node execution, and multi node configuration. Along with this model, we also present an energy model for the evaluation of the energy consumption. The current implementation in NS3 is based on the LR-WPAN (Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks) as specified by the IEEE802.15.4 (2006) standard. The simulation results show that the SmartMAC with its sleep and wake-up mechanisms for the transceivers, is significantly more efficient than the current NS3 MAC (Medium Access Control) scheme.
Die neueste Generation von programmierbaren Logikbausteinen verfügt neben den konfigurierbaren Logikzellen über einen oder mehrere leistungsfähige Mikroprozessoren. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie ein bestehendes Zwei-Chip-System auf einen Xilinx Zynq 7000 mit zwei ARM A9-Cores migriert wird. Bei dem System handelt es sich um das „GPS-gestützte Kreisel-system ADMA“ des Unternehmens GeneSys. Die neue Lösung verbessert den Datenaustausch zwischen dem ersten Mikroprozessor zur digitalen Signalverarbeitung und dem zweiten Prozessor zur Ablaufsteuerung durch ein Shared Memory. Für die schnelle und echtzeitfähige Datenübertragung werden zahlreiche hochbitratige Schnittstellengenutzt.
The number of impaired persons rises -- as a result of both regular degradation with age and psychological problems like burnout. Sheltered work organizations aim to reintegrate impaired persons into work environments and prepare them for the re-entry in the regular job market.
Both for elderly and for impaired persons it is crucial to quickly assess the abilities, to identify limits and potentials and thus find work processes suitable for their skill profile.
This work focuses on the analysis and comparison of software-tools that assess the abilities of persons with impairments. We describe two established generic tools (CANTAB, Cogstate), analyze a yet unknown specialized tool (Hamet) and present a new gamified tool (GATRAS).
Finally, we present a study with 20 participants with impairments, comparing the tools against a ground truth baseline generated by a real-world assembly task.