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Soccer simulation league is one of the founding leagues of RoboCup. In this paper we discuss the past, present and planned future achievements and changes. Also we summarize the connections and inter-league achievements of this league and provide an overview of the community contributions that made this league successful.
In this paper an RFID/NFC (ISO 15693 standard) based inductively powered passive SoC (system on chip) for biomedical applications is presented. A brief overview of the system design, layout techniques and verification method is dis-cussed here. The SoC includes an integrated 32 bit microcontroller, sensor interface circuit, analog to digital converter, integrated RAM, ROM and some other peripherals required for the complete passive operation. The entire chip is realized in CMOS 0.18 μm technology with a chip area of 1.52mm x 3.24 mm.
Der Studienbeginn wird an der Hochschule Offenburg durch Vorbereitungskurse, sogenannte Brückenkurse, unterstützt. Wir stellen vorläufige Ergebnisse beim Einsatz von Smartphones und Tablets im Rahmen des Physik-Brückenkurses vor, bei dem die Studenten Hilfen zum selbständigen Üben durch eine App erhalten. Durch die Überarbeitung des Kurses und den Einsatz der App konnte der Teilnehmerschwund verringert werden. Die Evaluationsergebnisse bestätigen eine hohe Akzeptanz der Neuerungen seitens der Studierenden. Erste Auswertungen von Ein- und Ausgangstests deuten darauf hin, dass durch den Brückenkurs eine Angleichung der Vorkenntnisse der Studienanfänger erreicht wird, da Teilnehmer mit geringeren Vorkenntnissen tendenziell einen größeren Lernfortschritt erreichen. Durch unterschiedliche Schwierigkeitsstufen und selbstregulierte Übungsphasen in individuellem Tempo können aber auch die Erfordernisse der stärkeren Teilnehmer angemessen berücksichtigt werden.
The aim of this research work was to develop a boiler model with few parameters required for energy planning. The showcase considered for this work was the boiler system of the energy center at Offenburg University of Applied Sciences. A grey box model of the boiler was developed systematically starting from model abstraction, simplification, model break-down and to the use of empirical correlations wherever necessary to describe the intermediate effects along with the use of information from manufacturer’s specification in order to reduce parameters. This strategy had resulted in a boiler model with only 6 parameters, namely, nominal burner capacity, water gallery capacity, air ratio, heat capacity of wall, thermal conductance on flue gas and hot water side. Most of these parameters can be obtained through the information available in the spec sheets and thus an energy planner will be able to parameterize the model with low effort. The model was validated with the monitored data of the showcase. It was tested for the start-up, shut-down behavior and the effect of storage.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established class I level A biventricular pacing therapy in chronic heart failure patients with left bundle branch block and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, but not all patients improved clinically. Purpose of the study was to evaluate electrical interatrial conduction delay (IACD) to interventricular conduction delay (IVCD) ratio with focused transesophageal left atrial and left ventricular electrocardiography.
Methods: Thirty eight chronic heart failure patients (age 63.4±10.2 years; 3 females, 35 males) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class 3.0±0.2 and 171.71±36.17ms QRS duration were analysed using posterior left atrial and left ventricular transesophageal electrocardiography with hemispherical electrodes before CRT. Electrical IACD was measured between onset of P-wave in the surface ECG and onset of left atrial signal. Electrical IVCD was measured between onset of QRS complex in the surface ECG and onset of left ventricular signal.
Results: Electrical IACD and IVCD could be evaluated by transesophageal left atrial and left ventricular electrocardiography in all heart failure patients with correlation to 1.18±0.92 IACD-IVCD-ratio (r=-0.57, P<0.001; r=0.66, P<0.001). There were 32 CRT responder with reduction of NYHA class from 3.0±0.22 to 1.97±0.31 (P<0.001) during 16.5±18.9 month CRT with 75.19±33.49ms IACD, 78.91±24.73ms IVCD, 1.04±0.66 IACD-IVCD-ratio and correlation between IACD and IACDIVCD- ratio (r=0.84, P<0.001). There were 6 CRT nonresponder with no reduction of NYHA class from 3.0±0.3 to 2.9±0.5 during 14.3±13.7 month biventricular pacing, 50.0±28.26ms IVCD (P=0.014), 1.92±1.65 IACD-IVCD-ratio (P=0,029) and correlation between 67.0±24.9ms IACD and IACD-IVCD-ratio (r=0.85, P=0.031).
Conclusions: Focused transesophageal left atrial and left ventricular electrocardiography can be utilized to analyse electrical IACD and IVCD in heart failure patients. IACDIVDC- ratio may be a useful parameter to evaluate electrical left cardiac desynchronization in heart failure patients.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established biventricular pacing therapy in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, but not all patients improved clinically as CRT responder. Purpose of the study was to evaluate electrical left atrial conduction delay (LACD) with focused transesophageal electrocardiography in CRT responder and CRT non-responder.
Methods: Twenty heart failure patients (age 66.6±8.2 years; 2 females, 18 males) with New York Heart Association functional class 3.0±0.3 and 174.2±40.2ms QRS duration were analysed using posterior left atrial transesophageal electrocardiography with hemispherical electrodes. Electrical LACD was measured between onset and offset of transesophageal left atrial signal before implantation of CRT devices.
Results: Electrical LACD could be evaluated by bipolar transesophageal left atrial electrocardiography using TO Osypka electrode in all heart failure patients with negative correlation between 54.7±18.1ms LACD and 24.9±6.4% left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.65, P=0.002). There were 16 CRT responders with reduction of New York Heart Association functional class from 3.0±0.29 to 2.1±0.2 (r=0.522, P=0.038) during 9.41±10.96 month biventricular pacing and negative correlation between 49.6±14.2ms LACD and 26.0±6.2% left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.533, P=0.034). There were 4 CRT non-responders with no reduction of New York Heart Association functional class from 3.0±0.4 to 2.8±0.5 (r=0.816, P=0.184) during with 13.88±16.39 month biventricular pacing and no correlation between 75.25±19.17ms LACD and 20.75±6.4% left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.831, P=0.169).
Conclusions: Focused transesophageal left atrial electrocardiography can be utilized to analyse electrical LACD in heart failure patients. LACD correlated negative with left ventricular ejection fraction in CRT responders. LACD may be a useful parameter to evaluate electrical left atrial desynchronization in heart failure patients.
In der Wertanalyse ist die Methodik TRIZ (Theorie der Lösung erfinderischer Problemstellungen) seit vielen Jahren als Werkzeug zur Kostensenkung oder zur Steigerung der Funktionalität von Produkten bekannt. Seit ihrem ersten Bekanntwerden in Westeuropa hat sich auch TRIZ weiterentwickelt. So wurden Methoden zur Modellierung von Systemen inzwischen erweitert und um Werkzeuge zur schnellen Lösungsfindung, zur Fehlervoraussage und zur Produktplanung neu entwickelt. Durch den weltweiten wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt, die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Sprachen und neue Literatur ist andererseits auch die verwendete Terminologie angewachsen und nicht mehr eindeutig. Die neue VDI-Richtlinie 4521, von deren erstem Teil nun der Gründruck vorliegt, zielt deswegen auf eine Standardisierung der Terminologie und eine vereinheitlichte Beschreibung der Methoden ab. Mit ihrer Hilfe sollen das Studium der Methodik erleichtert, die Benutzung von Literatur vereinfacht und Inhalte der TRIZ klarer darstellbar werden.
Distribution of esophageal interventricular conduction delays in CRT patients and healthy subjects
(2015)
This paper presents a practice and science orientated education approach for freshman students of interdisciplinary bachelor engineering degree programs. This approach is meant to enhance the motivation and success of freshman students during their whole study. The education approach is called Fit4PracSis (Fit for Practice and Sciences) It was started to develop, set up and establish an education approach, which is building a relationship to students' future profession and to scientific working during the introductory study phase. The freshman students will be trained early in important skills, which are necessary for achieving the final degree successfully and handling of future business and research activities.
6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks) is gaining more and more attraction for the seamless connectivity of embedded devices for the Internet of Things (IoT). Whereas the lower layers (IEEE802.15.4 and 6LoWPAN) are already well defined and consolidated with regard to frame formats, header compression, routing protocols and commissioning procedures, there is still an abundant choice of possibilities on the application layer. Currently, various groups are working towards standardization of the application layer, i.e. the ETSI Technical Committee on M2M, the IP for Smart Objects (IPSO) Alliance, Lightweight M2M (LWM2M) protocol of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), and OneM2M. This multitude of approaches leaves the system developer with the agony of choice. This paper selects, presents and explains one of the promising solutions, discusses its strengths and weaknesses, and demonstrates its implementation.
The Metering Bus, also known as M-Bus, is a European standard EN13757-3 for reading out metering devices, like electricity, water, gas, or heat meters. Although real-life M-Bus networks can reach a significant size and complexity, only very simple protocol analyzers are available to observe and maintain such networks. In order to provide developers and installers with the ability to analyze the real bus signals easily, a web-based monitoring tool for the M-Bus has been designed and implemented. Combined with a physical bus interface it allows for measuring and recording the bus signals. For this at first a circuit has been developed, which transforms the voltage and current-modulated M-Bus signals to a voltage signal that can be read by a standard ADC and processed by an MCU. The bus signals and packets are displayed using a web server, which analyzes and classifies the frame fragments. As an additional feature an oscilloscope functionality is included in order to visualize the physical signal on the bus. This paper describes the development of the read-out circuit for the Wired M-Bus and the data recovery.
Wireless sensor networks have recently found their way into a wide range of applications among which environmental monitoring system has attracted increasing interests of researchers. Such monitoring applications, in general, don way into a wide range of applications among which environmental monitoring system has attracted increasing interests of researc latency requirements regarding to the energy efficiency. Also a challenge of this application is the network topology as the application should be able to be deployed in very large scale. Nevertheless low power consumption of the devices making up the network must be on focus in order to maximize the lifetime of the whole system. These devices are usually battery-powered and spend most of their energy budget on radio transceiver module. A so-called Wake-On-Radio (WoR) technology can be used to achieve a reasonable balance among power consumption, range, complexity and response time. In this paper, some designs for integration of WOR into IEEE 802.1.5.4 are to be discussed, providing an overview of trade-offs in energy consumption while deploying the WoR schemes in a monitoring system.
Environmental Monitoring is an attractive application field for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Water Level Monitoring helps to increase the efficiency of water distribution and management. In Pakistan, the world’s largest irrigation system covers 90.000 km of channels which needs to be monitored and managed on different levels. Especially the sensor systems for the small distribution channels need to be low energy and low cost. The distribution presents a technical solution for a communication system which is developed in a research project being co-funded by German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The communication module is based on IEEE-802.15.4 transceivers which are enhanced through Wake-On-Radio (WOR) to combine low-energy and real-time behavior. On higher layers, IPv6 (6LoWPAN) and corresponding routing protocols like Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL) can extend range of the network. The data are stored in a database and can be viewed online via a web interface. Of course, also automatic data analysis can be performed.