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Soccer simulation league is one of the founding leagues of RoboCup. In this paper we discuss the past, present and planned future achievements and changes. Also we summarize the connections and inter-league achievements of this league and provide an overview of the community contributions that made this league successful.
Lean und ERP - Synergie oder Widerspruch? Ein neuer Ansatz zur Steigerung der Unternehmenseffizienz
(2015)
Eine erfolgreiche Zusammenführung der Vorteile von ERP-Systemen mit den Vorzügen des Lean-Ansatzes kann zur Erschließung eines erheblichen Verbesserungspotenzials und damit zu signifikanten Wettbewerbsvorteilen einer Unternehmung führen. Da dieser Ansatz in der Praxis häufig kritisiert und bisher kaum adäquat verfolgt wird, zielt dieser Beitrag darauf ab, einen innovativen Lösungsweg vorzustellen, welcher nicht nur theoretisch, sondern auch anhand eines ERP-Einführungsprojekts in einem KMU empirisch aufzeigt, dass Lean und ERP nutzbringend miteinander kombiniert werden können und sollten.
Ripple: Overview and Outlook
(2015)
Ripple is a payment system and a digital currency which evolved completely independently of Bitcoin. Although Ripple holds the second highest market cap after Bitcoin, there are surprisingly no studies which analyze the provisions of Ripple.
In this paper, we study the current deployment of the Ripple payment system. For that purpose, we overview the Ripple protocol and outline its security and privacy provisions in relation to the Bitcoin system. We also discuss the consensus protocol of Ripple. Contrary to the statement of the Ripple designers, we show that the current choice of parameters does not prevent the occurrence of forks in the system. To remedy this problem, we give a necessary and sufficient condition to prevent any fork in the system. Finally, we analyze the current usage patterns and trade dynamics in Ripple by extracting information from the Ripple global ledger. As far as we are aware, this is the first contribution which sheds light on the current deployment of the Ripple system.
Das Thema Ethnomarketing gewinnt mit der steigenden Anzahl an Mitbürgern mit Migrationshintergrund an Wert. Bestimmte Marketingmaßnahmen für bestimmte Zielgruppen. Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit befasst sich mit diesem Thema und die Widerspiegelung (Medienintegration) dieser in den Medien. Anhand von verschiedenen Beispielen wird das Thema überschaubar und verständlich beleuchtet.
We present a 3D simulation approach utilising the diffuse interface representation of the phase-field method combined with a heat transfer equation to analyse the thermal conductivity in air-filled aluminium foams with complex cellular structures of different porosity. Algorithmic methods are introduced to create synthetic open-cell foam structures and to compute the thermal conductivity by means of phase-field modelling. A material law for the effective thermal conductivity is derived by determining the appropriate exponent depending on the relative density in the system. The results are compared with the thermal conductivity in massive aluminium and in pure air.
Mit der neuen Abgasnorm Euro VI und den steigenden Kraftstoffpreisen müssen Nutzfahrzeugantriebe eine Reduzierung der CO2-Emission und eine höhere Effizienz vorweisen (Umweltbundesamt, 2015). Um diese Anforderungen erfüllen zu können, wird bei vielen Nutzfahrzeugherstellern intensiv an Systemen zur Rückgewinnung von Abgasenergie, den sogenannten Waste-Heat-Recovery-Systemen, geforscht. Eine Kraftstoffersparnis von rund 5 % wird dabei angestrebt.
Das System basiert auf einem ORC-Prozess. Bei diesem thermodynamischen Kreisprozess wird die Abwärme des Abgases über einen Wärmetauscher geführt, der das organische Arbeitsfluid Ethanol in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf erhitzt. Durch den Dampfdruckaufbau wird eine Turbine angetrieben. Zur Transformation der Enthalpie des Ethanoldampfes in mechanische Energie sind Drehzahlen von bis zu 120000 U/min notwendig, um eine hohe Effizienz des Systems vorweisen zu können. Systemdrücke bis 50 bar und Temperaturen des Ethanoldampfes von maximal 300 °C treten im WHR-System auf und führen zu extremen Beanspruchungen. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellen hierbei die Wellendichtungen, vor allem bei nutzfahrzeugtypischen Lebensdauern, dar. Als interessante Alternative zeigt sich die Zentrifugal-Wellendichtung, um die hohen Dichtungsanforderungen über die geforderten Laufzeiten zuverlässig zu erfüllen.
Durch methodisch stufenweise ablauforientiertes Vorgehen wird die Analyse der Zentrifugal-Wellendichtungen durchgeführt. Hierbei wird zuallererst das Wirkprinzip untersucht. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Wärmeeinträge aus der Umgebung und Verwendung unterschiedlicher Sperrfluide gelegt.
Für eine Testdrehzahl von 15000 U/min ergibt sich, bei einer beidseitig glatten Scheibe mit einem Scheibenradius von 8,7 mm, eine maximal abdichtbare Druckdifferenz von 0,04 bar. Im Sperrfluid herrschen hierbei Temperaturen von rund 50 °C. Die Versuche zeigen Korrelationen zu den bekannten theoretischen Ansätzen von Ketola und McGrey. Die maximale Druckdifferenz beträgt in diesem Fall 0,043 bar. Nachdem stationäre Betrachtungen ausreichend untersucht werden, widmet sich diese Arbeit dem Anfahr- und Not-Aus-Verhalten. Die Optimierung des Projekts wird durch abschließende Verbesserungsvorschläge, für die Realisierung höherer Sperrdrücke, erzielt.
Crowdinvesting als alternative Unternehmensfinanzierung - Grundlagen und Marktdaten in Deutschland
(2015)
A two-dimensional single-phase model is developed for the steady-state and transient analysis of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Based on diluted and concentrated solution theories, viscous flow is introduced into a phenomenological multi-component modeling framework in the membrane. Characteristic variables related to the water uptake are discussed. A Butler–Volmer formulation of the current-overpotential relationship is developed based on an elementary mechanism of electrochemical oxygen reduction. Validated by using published V–I experiments, the model is then used to analyze the effects of operating conditions on current output and water management, especially net water transport coefficient along the channel. For a power PEMFC, the long-channel configuration is helpful for internal humidification and anode water removal, operating in counterflow mode with proper gas flow rate and humidity. In time domain, a typical transient process with closed anode is also investigated.
The state-of-the-art electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) calculations have not yet started from fully multi-dimensional modeling. For a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with long flow channel, the impedance plot shows a multi-arc characteristic and some impedance arcs could merge. By using a step excitation/Fourier transform algorithm, an EIS simulation is implemented for the first time based on the full 2D PEMFC model presented in the first part of this work. All the dominant transient behaviors are able to be captured. A novel methodology called ‘configuration of system dynamics’, which is suitable for any electrochemical system, is then developed to resolve the physical meaning of the impedance spectra. In addition to the high-frequency arc due to charge transfer, the Nyquist plots contain additional medium/low-frequency arcs due to mass transfer in the diffusion layers and along the channel, as well as a low-frequency arc resulting from water transport in the membrane. In some case, the impedance spectra appear partly inductive due to water transport, which demonstrates the complexity of the water management of PEMFCs and the necessity of physics-based calculations.
Eine Mitte November veröffentlichte EU-Richtlinie sieht vor, dass ab 2017 Unternehmen mit durchschnittlich mehr als 500 Mitarbeitern bestimmte Nachhaltigkeitsangaben im Lagebericht veröffentlichen müssen. Auf den ersten Blick scheint hier weiterer administrativer Ballast für die wenigen betroffenen Genossenschaftsbanken zu entstehen. Doch daraus ergeben sich für die Institute auch Chancen. Es lohnt sich zu prüfen, ob ein aktives Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement sinnvoll erscheint.
The objective of this thesis is the conceptual design of a battery management system for the first prototype of the UWC (University of the Western Cape) Modular Battery System. The battery system is a lithium-ion battery that aims to be used in renewable energy systems and for niche electric vehicles such as golf carts.
The concept that is introduced in this thesis comprises the parameter monitoring, the safety management and has its main focus on an accurate state of charge estimation.
Another battery system that was already implemented is used as base for the parameter monitoring and the safety management for the new battery management system. In contrast to that, the concept for the state of charge estimation must be developed completely.
Different methods for the state of charge estimation which are based on the measured voltage, current and temperature are discussed, evaluated and the chosen method is conceived in this thesis. The method used for the state of charge estimation is different for the time when the battery is active than when it is inactive. During charge and discharge Coulomb counting is used and when the cell is inactive voltage versus state of charge lookup tables are used to update the estimation.
To have an accurate estimation when the cell is inactive only for a short time, a model of the voltage relaxation is used to predict the voltage when the cells are in equilibrium. This allows the algorithm to reset the state of charge that is estimated by Coulomb counting – which tends to have a growing error over time – frequently.
To evaluate the accuracy of the voltage prediction, cell tests were executed where the voltage relaxation was sampled. The recursive least square method to predict the end voltage was tested with a MATLAB programme. With the help of voltage versus state of charge lookup tables it was possible to determine the state of charge accuracy with the accuracy of the voltage prediction.
It is the purpose of this paper to address ethical issues concerning the development and application of Assistive Technology at Workplaces (ATW). We shall give a concrete technical concept how such technology might be constructed and propose eight technical functions it should adopt in order to serve its purpose. Then, we discuss the normative questions why one should use ATW, and by what means. We argue that ATW is good to the extent that it ensures social inclusion and consider four normative domains in which its worth might consists in. In addition, we insist that ATW must satisfy two requirements of good workplaces, which we specify as (a) an exploitation restraint and (b) a duty of care.
In the present study, in vitro toxicity as well as biopersistence and photopersistence of four artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharine, and sucralose) and five antibiotics (levofloxacin, lincomycin, linezolid, marbofloxacin, and sarafloxacin) and of their phototransformation products (PTPs) were investigated. Furthermore, antibiotic activity was evaluated after UV irradiation and after exposure to inocula of a sewage treatment plant. The study reveals that most of the tested compounds and their PTPs were neither readily nor inherently biodegradable in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-biodegradability tests. The study further demonstrates that PTPs are formed upon irradiation with an Hg lamp (UV light) and, to a lesser extent, upon irradiation with a Xe lamp (mimics sunlight). Comparing the nonirradiated with the corresponding irradiated solutions, a higher chronic toxicity against bacteria was found for the irradiated solutions of linezolid. Neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity was found in human cervical (HeLa) and liver (Hep-G2) cells for any of the investigated compounds or their PTPs. Antimicrobial activity of the tested fluoroquinolones was reduced after UV treatment, but it was not reduced after a 28-day exposure to inocula of a sewage treatment plant. This comparative study shows that PTPs can be formed as a result of UV treatment. The study further demonstrated that UV irradiation can be effective in reducing the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics, and consequently may help to reduce antimicrobial resistance in wastewaters. Nevertheless, the study also highlights that some PTPs may exhibit a higher ecotoxicity than the respective parent compounds. Consequently, UV treatment does not transform all micropollutants into harmless compounds and may not be a large-scale effluent treatment option.
The formation and analysis of ten microporous triazolyl isophthalate based MOFs, including nine isomorphous and one isostructural compound is presented. The compounds 1 M – 3 M with the general formula [ M ( R 1 - R 2 - trz - ia ) ] ∞ 3 ·x H 2 O (M 2+ = Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ ; R 1 = H, Me; R 2 = 2py, 2pym, prz (2py = 2-pyridinyle; 2pym = 2-pyrimidinyle; prz = pyrazinyle)) crystallize with rtl topology. They are available as single crystals and also easily accessible in a multi-gram scale via refluxing the metal salts and the protonated ligands in a solvent. Their isomorphous structures facilitate the synthesis of heteronuclear MOFs; in case of 2 M , Co 2+ ions could be gradually substituted by Cu 2+ ions. The Co 2+ :Cu 2+ ratios were determined by ICP-OES spectroscopy, the distribution of Co 2+ and Cu 2+ in the crystalline samples are investigated by SEM-EDX analysis leading to the conclusions that Cu 2+ is more favorably incorporated into the framework compared to Co 2+ and, moreover, that the distribution of the two metal ions between the crystals and within the crystals is inhomogeneous if the crystals were grown slowly. The various compositions of the heteronuclear materials lead to different colors and the sorption properties for CO 2 and N 2 are dependent on the integrated metal ions.
Covert and Side-Channels have been known for a long time due to their versatile forms of appearance. For nearly every technical improvement or change in technology, such channels have been (re-)created or known methods have been adapted. For example the introduction of hyperthreading technology has introduced new possibilities for covert communication between malicious processes because they can now share the arithmetic logical unit (ALU) as well as the L1 and L2 cache which enables establishing multiple covert channels. Even virtualization which is known for its isolation of multiple machines is prone to covert and side-channel attacks due to the sharing of resources. Therefore itis not surprising that cloud computing is not immune to this kind of attacks. Even more, cloud computing with multiple, possibly competing users or customers using the same shared resources may elevate the risk of unwanted communication. In such a setting the ”air gap” between physical servers and networks disappears and only the means of isolation and virtual separation serve as a barrier between adversary and victim. In the work at hand we will provide a survey on weak spots an adversary trying to exfiltrate private data from target virtual machines could exploit in a cloud environment. We will evaluate the feasibility of example attacks and point out possible mitigation solutions if they exist.
In this paper an RFID/NFC (ISO 15693 standard) based inductively powered passive SoC (system on chip) for biomedical applications is presented. A brief overview of the system design, layout techniques and verification method is dis-cussed here. The SoC includes an integrated 32 bit microcontroller, sensor interface circuit, analog to digital converter, integrated RAM, ROM and some other peripherals required for the complete passive operation. The entire chip is realized in CMOS 0.18 μm technology with a chip area of 1.52mm x 3.24 mm.
Der Begriff Crowdfunding hat im Laufe der vergangenen Jahre an Bedeutung gewonnen und ist heute immer mehr Menschen bekannt. Crowdfunding gibt den Künstlern die Möglichkeit, finanzielle Unterstützung von vielen, vor allem privaten, Geldgebern zu erhalten. Viele Crowdfunding-Projekte scheitern, weil nicht genug Geld gesammelt werden kann. Was aber tatsächlich der Grund für das Scheitern des Projekts war bleibt vielen Künstlern unklar. Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit soll sich auf der einen Seite mit den Gründen dieses Scheiterns beschäftigen, auf der anderen Seite aber auch aufzeigen, was erfolgreiche Crowdfunding-Projekte ausmacht. Diese Gründe sollen in Form von einzelnen erfolgssteigernden Faktoren, den Erfolgsfaktoren, erklärt und anschließend in Form einer multiplen Fallstudie untersucht werden. Der starke Bezug zur praktischen Anwendung in Crowdfunding-Projekten entsteht unter anderem durch Studien und Experteninterviews aus verschiedenen Quellen, aber auch durch die durchgeführte Fallstudie. Durch die Beachtung der erforschten Faktoren können Finanzierungen über Crowdfunding-Kampagnen eher erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden und die Musiker ihren künstlerischen Zielen wesentlich näher gebracht werden.