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Supporting the COVID-19 response in Asia and the Pacific—The role of the Asian Development Bank.
(2020)
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all countries of the Asia Pacific region over the last few months with far reaching economic, health and social consequences. To counter the impact, governments have accelerated their health spending and announced large macroeconomic stabilization and stimulus policy packages. As with past disasters and crises in the region, the Asian Development Bank has reacted with a number of targeted support interventions since the very early stages of the outbreak. In mid- April 2020, the Bank then put forward a comprehensive COVID-19 Response Package totalling $20 billion to support its member countries which rests on four pillars.
The last few months have proven that multilateral development banks like the Asian Development Bank have the ability to respond quickly and to mobilize significant resources for a global emergency like COVID-19. Whilst this financial supported is urgently needed at this point, attention will need to be paid on how debt sustainability for low- and middle-income countries can be ensured in the coming years. Given the unprecedented scale of and uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic, it may offer a window of opportunity to redesign the way developmental finance is coordinated and the way it is delivered. This also includes a chance to “build back better” and to focus on a sustainable, resilient and green recovery.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an economic downturn in the Slovak Republic. To bridge corporate liquidity problems the Slovakian Government has introduced several support measures. The investigation discusses the effectiveness of the measures imposed. Based on theoretical foundations, the research question is empirically examined by using a qualitative expert survey. As the automotive industry plays a leading role in Slovakia, the research conducted is oriented towards the financing phases, a typical automotive exporter is undergoing. As a result of the research, bridging loans and government grants were identified as the most important measures. Additionally, tendencies towards political recommendations for action were identified. The research explored, that the Slovakian Government should focus on meeting the short-term liquidity needs, boosting exports and promoting innovation as well as considering a support package for the automotive industry.
Die Musik-, Kunst- und Kulturszene ist vielfältig und lebt von Individualität. An der Diskussionsrunde zum Thema „Überlebensstrategien während der Pandemie“ nehmen die Musiker*innen Lindy Huppertsberg, Pat Appleton, Martin Verdonk, Tommy Baldu und Markus Birkle am 10.05.2021 teil. Die Teilnehmer*innen der Diskussionsrunde erwirtschaften ihr Einkommen primär über Konzertgagen und sind als freischaffende Musiker*innen etabliert und erfolgreich in der Musikwelt tätig. Trotz großer Übereinstimmungen werden Strategien während der Krise bemerkenswert individuell gewählt. Ebenso vielschichtig ist der Fokus bei der Karriereplanung und Auswahl der musikalischen Projekte. Zwei essenzielle Themenbereiche kristallisieren sich im Verlauf der Unterhaltung heraus: Zum einen die persönlichen singulären Strategien für ein wirtschaftliches Überleben, zum anderen die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verlust der Möglichkeit auf Resonanz und Empathie mit Mitmusiker*innen und dem Publikum. Die Frage wird aufgeworfen, ob Kulturschaffende einer Gesellschaft eine emotionale Stimme geben.
Der Artikel beschreibt die Herausforderungen für die Kommunikation in Ganztagsschulen im Jahr 2020 als es notwendig war bei einer sehr unbeständigen Organisations- und Kommunikationslage von Seiten der Schulverwaltungen einen Unterrichts- und Ganztagsbetrieb zu organisieren und gegenüber den wesentlichen Stakeholdern zu kommunizieren.
Die Pandemie brachte zunächst zahlreiche Beschränkungen bei Präsenzveranstaltungen mit sich, die sich rasch und unmittelbar auf unterschiedliche Bereiche der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft auswirkten. Neben der Frage des wirtschaftlichen Überlebens für Institutionen und Akteure stellt sich in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Frage nach der gesellschaftlichen Relevanz dieses Sektors.
Eine Pandemie mit neuen Hygiene- und Abstandsregelungen ist vordergründig keine spezifische Herausforderung für den Bildungssektor auf den unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Da jedoch unsere Bildungseinrichtungen so angelegt sind, dass der persönliche Kontakt und Veranstaltungen in Präsenzform die Regel sind und auch unabdingbar erscheinen, waren alle Ebenen der Bildung massiv von den Einschränkungen der Jahre 2020 und 2021 betroffen. Systeme, die seit Jahren in der pädagogischen und/oder didaktischen Konzeption gefordert sind, neuen Herausforderungen gerecht zu werden und neue Impulse aufzunehmen, müssen im Sinne eines Corona-Managements nicht nur das aktuelle Risiko- und Krisenmanagement, sondern die digitale Transformation und die strategische Neuausrichtung im Rahmen der Schul- und Hochschulentwicklung bewältigen.
Rasch auftretende grundsätzliche Veränderungen der Rahmenbedingungen, wie sie durch die Corona-Pandemie für Unternehmen der Agentur- und Eventbranche spürbar wurden, stellen Unternehmen sowie Unternehmerinnen und Unternehmer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Zwei Vertreter aus Unternehmen dieser Branche – eine inhabergeführte Eventagentur und eine inhabergeführte Werbeagentur – zeigen in einem kurzen Interview auf, welche Erfahrungen sie gemacht haben und welche Herausforderungen sie daraus für die Zukunft ableiten.
Die Corona-Pandemie erforderte in kürzester Zeit die Übertragung der Lehrveranstaltungen in digitale Formate. Dieser Beitrag stellt vor, wie die Umstellung auf digitale Lehre an der Hochschule Offenburg gelingen konnte, wie sich die Situation aus Sicht der Studierenden und der Lehrenden darstellte und welche zukunftsweisenden Erkenntnisse aus den digitalen Semestern gewonnen werden konnten. Anhand eines Lehrbeispiels im Bereich Digitale Labore wird ein Weg aufgezeigt, der den Transfer und die Weiterentwicklung bewährter digitaler Lehrformate ermöglicht.
Wandel und Krise im Gastronomiebereich: Herausforderungen und Handlungsempfehlungen für Restaurants
(2022)
Seit Februar 2020 fordert die Corona-Pandemie einen hohen Tribut von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Unzählige Branchen standen plötzlich Herausforderungen gegenüber, die es so zuvor noch nicht gegeben hat. Insbesondere die Gastronomie wurde von dem Shutdown hart getroffen. Restaurants, Bars und Cafés mussten unerwartet schließen. Dies führte branchenweit zu wachsenden Herausforderungen und steigenden Existenzängsten. Für das Gaststättengewerbe bedeutet dies den größten Notstand der Nachkriegszeit. Die Branche musste sich innerhalb kürzester Zeit an die enormen Veränderungen, die diese Pandemie hervorbrachte, anpassen. Die Situation verlangte von Restaurantbetreibern, aktiv tätig zu werden, um sich der aus der Krise erwachsenden Probleme zu stellen und langfristig erfolgreich zu bleiben. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Einblick in die Situation der Gastronomie in Deutschland und beleuchtet dazu die wesentlichen Herausforderungen dieser Branche. Dabei wird der Fokus auf die Lage von Restaurants während der Coronakrise gerichtet und konkrete Maßnahmen zur Sicherung der zukünftigen Existenz betrachtet.
The research paper provides important findings about the development, difficulties and perception of the support measures for exporters introduced by the Austrian government in times of COVID-19 crisis. Based on a literature review using secondary data, eight qualitative interviews were conducted with experts from the Austrian economy and government, among them the Austrian ECA ‘Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG’. To balance the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Austrian economy, a broad coverage with financing instruments for a wide range of target groups was established. Although the support measures have been well received by companies, insolvencies cannot completely be prevented. Nevertheless, the actual effects are not yet predictable and need to be assessed in further research at a later point in time.
The aim of this essay is to point out the challenges and opportunities of government export credits and insurance in Europe. The Covid-19 pandemic confronted the entire world with new challenges. This also applied to the export financing and insurance market. Furthermore, there are also challenges that play a major role for ECAs regardless of the pandemic. However, the risks are also offset by opportunities that may enable European export credit agencies to prevail against international competition.
The focus of this essay is on the export credit agencies from Finland (Finnvera), Sweden (EKN) and Portugal (COSEC). As part of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) the three ECAs share many fundamental similarities but in some points they may also distinguish from each other.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading rapidly across the globe and has seriously affected global trade. In order to reduce the pandemic’s impact on their economy, the French government released a support plan referring to the COVID-19 crisis. Since mid-tier companies play a leading role in France’s export, this paper deals with the measures taken by the French government to support especially French mid-tier export companies. Based on empirical literature and recent publications, the research question is analyzed by conducting interviews with experts, such as market participants, governmental institutions and an expert for trade and innovation. As a result of the research, the emergency measures taken by the French government, such as the CAP Francexport reinsurance scheme, the extension of cover for export guarantees, additional information and assistance, and the deferral of tax and social security contributions have mitigated the effects at first instance.
The COVID-19 pandemic has the global economy under control. This paper deals with the economic consequences in Germany and shows the measures taken by the German government to support especially small and medium-sized export companies. The structure of the German economy and foreign trade promotion are explained as a basis. After considering the government's support measures, an evaluation of country comparisons shows that there is still potential for further measures, especially in direct lending and debt moratorium. The analysis is based on quantitative data from surveys and qualitative results from interviews with relevant ministries and market participants as well as recent publications.
If the current situation could be described in one word, it would be ‘uncertainty’. In times of global crisis, it is important to support the economy to keep businesses alive. Therefore, this paper shows the Finnish government measures and how exporters can benefit from them. Looking in particular at the maritime sector, the research pointed out that there were not that many specific measures for exporters and shipbuilders. This essay detected that the provided measures are suitable for the needs of the affected companies and are an effective instrument by the government to stabilise the industry. This is proved by the number of companies taking advantage of these loans, grants and guarantees. Due to the already mentioned uncertainty, it remains unclear how measures have to be adjusted in the future.
The aim of this essay is to analyse and evaluate the Italian government measures for exporters in response to COVID-19. The unexpected, rapid and hardly predictable consequences of the pandemic paralyzed the entire globe. For a long time, Italy was the epicentre of the virus, which caused severe damage in the Italian export economy dropping temporarily more than 40%. The Italian government reacted exemplary fast and took multiple countermeasures of high extent especially through the Italian export credit agency SACE. On the one hand, the internationally compared broad structure of SACE was a huge advantage, which allowed to release quickly numerous measures. On the other hand, there is room for improvement regarding the accessibility of measure-related information, which has been partially only available in Italian. Furthermore, there is a remarkable risk resulting from the combination of the high monetary effort to enable the numerous measures, the difficult financial situation of the Italian government and the unpredictability of the COVID-19 consequences.
This seminar paper examines government measures to support export-oriented companies in Belgium. After a short overview of the Belgian economy and the impact of the Covid-19 crisis, the paper introduces the available government measures for exporters. In particular, the role of Credendo as a Belgian export-credit insurance company will be discussed, and its measures will be examined in more detail. In addition, federal measures of the Belgian government will be identified, and a summary of the most important regional measures will be provided. The entirety of government measures available to export-oriented companies will be reviewed and options for the future activities of export-oriented companies will be pointed out.
In this work, the authors have dealt with the question of what measures have been taken by the Danish government to support exporters during the time of COVID-19. The analysis first looks at Denmark's general economic situation. In the following, Denmark's governmental and financial measures to support exporters are briefly explained. In addition to the economic and financial effects, the issue of green energy has also become a major focus of political attention in times of crisis. Denmark is a pioneer in the wind energy sector and accounts for a large share of exports. For this reason, the impact and possible future developments for the wind sector in connection with the pandemic are also being investigated.
The coronavirus affects the strongly export-oriented Swiss economy in a situation where political and economic developments are already making the cross-border exchange of goods and services difficult. For this reason, the question arises of how Switzerland can maintain or strengthen its position in global competition in the export business during an unprecedented period of crisis such as the current one.
In order to find an answer to this question, this paper critically examines the existing government support measures for Swiss exporters in times of COVID-19. The fact that Switzerland has so far not taken any specific support measures for exporters raises the actual research question of whether there is a specific necessity and demand for a special export promotion. To answer this research question, various expert opinions are compared and overall conclusions are drawn. By rapidly introducing and adapting the already existing instruments – liquidity assistance and an expansion of short-time work benefits – the federal government was able to ensure the survival of many companies. According to the authors of this paper, this focus of government support in times of crisis is just right for a small national economy in the short term and therefore preferable to a specific support of exporters. Nevertheless, given the high relative importance of foreign trade for Switzerland’s overall economic performance, there can be no recovery of national economy without a recovery of foreign trade.