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The use of renewable energy sources for heating and cooling in buildings today offers the best opportunities to avoid the use of fossil fuels and the associated climate-damaging emissions. However, unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources such as solar radiation are not available at the push of a button, but occur uncontrollably depending on weather conditions, the location of the building and the time of year. Their use is free of charge. However, complex converters and systems usually have to be installed in order to use them. These must be carefully planned and operated in order to avoid unnecessary costs and to generate the maximum possible yield. The regenerative energy systems are usually integrated into existing conventional systems. When designing the control and regulation equipment, it is crucial to design the automation of the systems in such a way that primarily renewable energy sources are used and the share of fossil energy sources is minimized.
Systemtechnik
(2010)
Solartechnik
(2022)
Die Erde ist ein Empfänger für kosmische Strahlungen. Sie empfängt nur einen winzigen Bruchteil der von der Sonne ausgesendeten elektromagnetischen Strahlung. Dieser Bruchteil ist im Wesentlichen bestimmt durch den Abstand zwischen Sonne und Erde und durch das Verhältnis der Durchmesser von Erde und Sonne. Außerhalb der Erdatmosphäre, also extraterrestrisch, werden vom World Radiation Center WRC je Quadratmeter horizontaler Empfängerfläche 1,367 kW/m2 ± 1 % konstant über das gesamte Jahr gemessen.
Energiemanagement im Betrieb
(2021)
Automation devices or automation stations (AS) take on the task of controlling, regulating, monitoring and, if necessary, optimising building systems and their system components (e.g. pumps, compressors, fans) based on recorded process variables. For this purpose, a wide range of control and regulation methods are used, starting with simple on/off controllers, through classic PID controllers, to higher-order controllers such as adaptive, model-predictive, knowledge-based or adaptive controllers.
Starting with a brief introduction to automation technology (Sect. 7.1), the chapter goes into the structure and functionality of the usual compact controllers using the application examples of solar thermal systems and heat pump systems (Sect. 7.2). Finally, the integration of system automation into a higher-level building automation system and into the building management system is described using specific application examples (Sect. 7.3).
Mit dem Wetter sparen
(2010)
This central book chapter now details the implementation of automation of solar domestic hot water systems, solar assisted building heating, rooms, solar cooling systems, heat pump heating systems, geothermal systems and thermally activated building component systems. Hydraulic and automation diagrams are used to explain how the automation of these systems works. A detailed insight into the engineering and technical interrelationships involved in the use of these systems, as well as the use of simulation tools, enables effective control and regulation. System characteristic curves and systematic procedures support the automation engineer in his tasks.
In Solarthermie-2000, Teilprogramm 2 soll anhand von Beispiellösungen für größere solarthermische Anlagen mit einer Mindestkollektorfläche von 100 m² an unterschiedlich genutzten Gebäuden nachgewiesen werden, dass im Bereich der thermischen Solarenergienutzung technisch gute Lösungen zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Diese Systemlösungen sollen weiter verbessert und angepasst werden. Zugleich soll erreicht werden, dass die wirtschaftliche Konkurrenzfähigkeit gesteigert wird, indem durch Reduzierung der spezifischen Systemkosten und Erhöhung des spezifischen Nutzenergieertrages die solaren Nutzwärmekosten gesenkt werden.