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With recent developments in the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, many are discussing about Germany’s dependency on fossil fuel imports in its energy system, and how can the country proceed with reducing that dependency. With its wide-ranging consumption sectors, the electricity sector comes as the perfect choice to start with. Recent reports showed that the German federal government is already intending to have a fully renewable electricity by 2035 while exploiting all possible clean power options. This was published in the federal government’s climate emergency program (Easter Package) in early 2022. The aim of this package is to initiate a rapid transition and decarbonization of the electricity sector. The Easter Package expects an enormous growth of renewable energies to a completely new level, with already at least 80% renewable gross energy consumption, with extensive and broad deployment of different generation technologies on various scales. This paper will discuss this ambitious plan and outline some insights into this huge and rapidly increasing step, and show how much will Germany need in order to achieve this huge milestone towards a fully green supply of the electricity sector. Different scenarios and shares of renewables will be investigated in order to elaborate on preponed climate-neutral goal of the electricity sector by 2035. The results pointed out some promising aspects in achieving a 100% renewable power, with massive investments in both generation and storage technologies.
This paper describes the Sweaty II humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2018 adult size humanoid competition. Sweaty came 2nd in RoboCup 2017 adult size league. The main characteristics of Sweaty are described in the Team Description Paper 2017. The improvements that have been made or are planned to be implemented for RoboCup 2018 are described in this paper.
Accelerated transformation of the society and industry through digi-talization, artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies has intensified the need for university graduates that are capable of rapidly finding breakthrough solutions to complex problems, and can successfully implement innovation con-cepts. However, there are only few universities making significant efforts to com-prehensively incorporate creative and systematic tools of TRIZ (theory of in-ventive problem solving) and KBI (knowledge-based innovation) into their de-gree structure. Engineering curricula offer little room for enhancing creativity and inventiveness by means of discipline‐specific subjects. Moreover, many ed-ucators mistakenly believe that students are either inherently creative, or will in-evitably obtain adequate problem-solving skills as a result of their university study. This paper discusses challenges of intelligent integration of TRIZ and KBI into university curricula. It advocates the need for development of standard guidelines and best-practice recommendations in order to facilitate sustainable education of ambitious, talented, and inventive specialists. Reflections of educa-tors that teach TRIZ and KBI to students from mechanical, electrical, process engineering, and business administration are presented.
Simulation-based degradation assessment of lithium-ion batteries in a hybrid electric vehicle
(2017)
The majority of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in team sports are non-contact injuries, with cutting maneuvers identified as high-risk tasks. Young female handball players have been shown to be at greater risk for ACL injuries than males. One risk factor for ACL injuries is the magnitude of the knee abduction moment (KAM). Cutting technique variables on foot placement, overall approach and knee kinematics have been shown to influence the KAM. Since injury risk is believed to increase with increasing task complexity, the purpose of the study was to test the effect of task complexity on technique variables that influence the KAM in female handball players during fake-and-cut tasks.
The purpose of this study was to 1) compare knee joint kinematics and kinetics of fake-and-cut tasks of varying complexity in 51 female handball players and 2) present a case study of one athlete who ruptured her ACL three weeks post data collection. External knee joint moments and knee joint angles in all planes at the instance of the peak external knee abduction moment (KAM) as well as moment and angle time curves were analyzed. Peak KAMs and knee internal rotation moments were substantially higher than published values obtained during simple change-of-direction tasks and, along with flexion angles, differed significantly between the tasks. Introducing a ball reception and a static defender increased joint loads while they partially decreased again when anticipation was lacking. Our results suggest to use game-specific assessments of injury risk while complexity levels do not directly increase knee loading. Extreme values of several risk factors for a post-test injured athlete highlight the need and usefulness of appropriate screenings.
In thin-layer chromatography, fiber-bundle arrays have been introduced for spectral absorption measurements in the UV-region. Using all-silica fiber bundles, the exciting light will be detected after re-emission on the plate with a fiberoptic spectrometer. In addition, fluorescence light can be detected which will be masked by the re-emitted light. Therefore, it is helpful to separate the absorption and fluorescence on the TLC-plate. A modified three-array assembly has been developed: using one array for detection, the two others are used for excitation with broadband band deuterium-light and with UV-LEDs adjusted to the substances under test. As an example, the quantification of glucosamine in nutritional supplements or spinach leaf extract will be described. Using simply heating of the amino-plate for derivation, the reaction product of Glucosamine can be detected sensitively either by light absorption or by fluorescence, using the new fiber-optic assembly. In addition, the properties of the new 3-row fiber-optic array and the commercially available UV-LEDs will be shown, in the interesting wavelength region for excitation of fluorescence, from 260 nm to 360 nm. The squint angle having an influence on coupling efficiency and spatial resolution will be measured with the inverse farfield method. Some properties of UV-LEDs for analytical applications will be described and discussed, too.
Die Hochschule Offenburg begleitet seit Juli 2006 in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Fraunhofer ISE in Freiburg, die solar unterstützte Klimatisierung der Festo AG & Co. KG in Esslingen im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens Solarthermie2000plus. Dabei wurde die bereits bestehende Adsorptionskälteanlage, die bisher mit Gaskesseln und Kompressorenabwärme betrieben wurde, durch eine Solaranlage als dritte Wärmequelle ergänzt.
Eine neue Prozessidee zur Auftrennung racemischer Wirkstoffe unter Verwendung nanoskaliger AlO(OH)‐Hohlkugeln als Adsorbens und überkritischen Kohlenstoffdioxides (sc‐CO2) als Lösungsmittel wird vorgestellt. Zur Auslegung des Prozesses werden Untersuchungen zur Abscheidung der racemischen Wirkstoffe (RS)‐Flurbiprofen, (RS)‐Ibuprofen, (RS)‐Ketoprofen und den reinen Enantiomeren (R)‐Flurbiprofen, (S)‐Ibuprofen und (S)‐Ketoprofen an AlO(OH)‐Hohlkugeln präsentiert und bewertet. Zudem werden Adsorptionsdaten von gasförmigem CO2 an den Hohlkugeln und kommerziellen AlO(OH)‐Partikeln, die mit einer Magnetschwebewaage ermittelt wurden, verglichen. Abschließend werden erste Ergebnisse von orientierenden Versuchen zur Adsorption von racemischem Flurbiprofen aus sc‐CO2 an den Hohlkugeln vorgestellt.
Digital libraries are providing an increasing amount of data, which is normally structured in a classical way by documents and described by metadata as keywords. The data, even in scientific systems such as digital libraries and virtual research environments, will contain a great amount of noise or information unnecessary for our personal interests. Although there has been a lot of progress in the field of information retrieval, search techniques and other content finding methods, there is still much to be done in the field of information retrieval based on user behavior. This paper presents an approach deployed in the Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) to facilitate the retrieval of relevant information to the users of the system, making recommendations of paragraphs based on their profile and the behavior of other users who share similar profiles. The Humboldt digital library represents an innovative system of open access to the legacy of Alexander von Humboldt in a digital form on the Internet (www.avhumboldt.net). It contributes to the key question, how to present interconnected data in a proper form using information technologies.
Thin-layer chromatography is a rapid and reliable working method for quantification of mycotoxins which is suitable for checking EC legislation aflatoxin limits for dried figs without an RP-18 pre-column cleaning step. We describe normal-phase chromatography on silica gel plates with 2.4:0.05:0.1:0.05 ( v/v ) methyl t -butyl ether-water-methanol-cyclohexane as mobile phase and reversed-phase chromatography on RP-18 plates with methanol-4% aqueous ZnSO 4 solution-ethyl methyl ketone 15:15:3 ( v/v ) as mobile phase. Sample pretreatment was by modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) extraction with tetrahydrofuran or acetone. NaCl was used as QuEChERS salt. Response was a linear function of amount chromatographed in the ranges 3 to 100 pg per zone for aflatoxins B 2 and G 2 , 10 to 350 pg per zone for the aflatoxins B 1 and G 1 , and 0.25 to 2.5 ng per zone for ochratoxin A. Quantification limits for the aflatoxins were between 13 and 35 pg per zone (equivalent to 1.5 and 2.4 ppb, taking the pre-treatment procedure into account). Ochratoxin A was detectable with a limit of quantification of 970 pg per zone, corresponding to 56 ppb in the sample. Normal phase and RP-18 separations work rapidly, reliably, and at low cost. They are also suitable for checking the content of the mycotoxins patulin, penicillic acid, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol.