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Blockchain frameworks enable the immutable storage of data. A still open practical question is the so called "oracle" problem, i.e. the way how real world data is actually transferred into and out of a blockchain while preserving its integrity. We present a case study that demonstrates how to use an existing industrial strength secure element for cryptographic software protection (Wibu CmDongle / the "dongle") to function as such a hardware-based oracle for the Hyperledger blockchain framework. Our scenario is that of a dentist having leased a 3D printer. This printer is initially supplied with an amount of x printing units. With each print action the local unit counter on the attached dongle is decreased and in parallel a unit counter is maintained in the Hyperledger-based blockchain. Once a threshold is met, the printer will stop working (by means of the cryptographically protected invocation of the local print method). The blockchain is configured in such a way that chaincode is executed to increase the units again automatically (and essentially trigger any payment processes). Once this has happened, the new unit counter value will be passed from the blockchain to the local dongle and thus allow for further execution of print jobs.
Protecting software from illegal access, intentional modification or reverse engineering is an inherently difficult practical problem involving code obfuscation techniques and real-time cryptographic protection of code. In traditional systems a secure element (the "dongle") is used to protect software. However, this approach suffers from several technical and economical drawbacks such as the dongle being lost or broken.
We present a system that provides such dongles as a cloud service, and more importantly, provides the required cryptographic material to control access to software functionality in real-time.
This system is developed as part of an ongoing nationally funded research project and is now entering a first trial stage with stakeholders from different industrial sectors.
Many sectors, like finance, medicine, manufacturing, and education, use blockchain applications to profit from the unique bundle of characteristics of this technology. Blockchain technology (BT) promises benefits in trustability, collaboration, organization, identification, credibility, and transparency. In this paper, we conduct an analysis in which we show how open science can benefit from this technology and its properties. For this, we determined the requirements of an open science ecosystem and compared them with the characteristics of BT to prove that the technology suits as an infrastructure. We also review literature and promising blockchain-based projects for open science to describe the current research situation. To this end, we examine the projects in particular for their relevance and contribution to open science and categorize them afterwards according to their primary purpose. Several of them already provide functionalities that can have a positive impact on current research workflows. So, BT offers promising possibilities for its use in science, but why is it then not used on a large-scale in that area? To answer this question, we point out various shortcomings, challenges, unanswered questions, and research potentials that we found in the literature and identified during our analysis. These topics shall serve as starting points for future research to foster the BT for open science and beyond, especially in the long-term.
Bei der Auslegung von geschraubten Stirnplattenstößen mit elastomerer Trennschicht dürfen gemäß Eurocode 3 lediglich die Flansche für eine Übertragung der Schnittgrößen berücksichtigt werden. Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass auch die Stege für eine Bemessung herangezogen werden sollten. Sie tragen zu einer gleichmäßigeren Spannungsverteilung im Elastomerlager bei und erlauben somit höhere Belastungen bei gleichbleibenden Abmessungen.
Basis der FE-Analysen sind ein- und zweiachsige Zug- und Druckversuche, die das komplexe Materialverhalten der elastomeren Trennschicht erfassen. Die Übereinstimmung von Messung und Simulation ist sehr gut, was insbesondere auf das verwendete Materialgesetz zurückzuführen ist: ein nicht-linear viskoelastischer Ansatz in Kombination mit dem hyperelastischen Marlow-Modell.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass der Reibungskoeffizient und die Querkontraktionszahl des Elastomerlagers maßgeblich das Tragverhalten der geschraubten Stirnplattenstöße beeinflussen.
Windows Registry Forensik - Analyse von Shellbags im Rahmen digitalforensischer Untersuchungen
(2019)
Digitalforensische Untersuchungen sind heute ebenso wichtig wie herkömmliche forensische Untersuchungen. Neben leicht sichtbaren Spuren wie Internethistorie oder Suchmaschinenanfragen befinden sich auch in der Windows Registry verwertbare Spuren. Zu diesen Spuren zählen auch die Shellbags. Sie werden vom System genutzt, um Ordnereinstellungen zu speichern.
Diese Arbeit beleuchtet neben den Grundlagen digitaler Forensik und der Windows Registry diese Shellbags. Es wird untersucht, welche Aktionen am System unter Windows 7 und Windows 10 Shellbags erzeugen oder diese verändert. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird ein Katalog an Experimenten durchgeführt. Dieser beinhaltet unterschiedliche Aktionen am System, vom Erstellen bis zum Löschen eines Ordners. Dabei wird der Zustand der Shellbags in Registry-Abbildern vor und nach der Aktion verglichen und somit untersucht, welche Veränderungen zu erkennen sind. Die Ergebnisse werden dokumentiert und interpretiert. Somit wird eine Übersicht über die Auswirkungen dieser Aktionen auf die Shellbags erstellt, an dem sich orientiert werden kann.
Abschließend wird in einer prototypischen Implementierung ein eigenes Tool in Python entwickelt, das Shellbags aus der Registry auslesen und ausgeben kann.
A car is only useful, when it runs properly – but keeping a car it running is getting more and more complex. Car service providers need a deep knowledge about technical details of the different car models. On the other hand car producers try to keep this information in their ownership. Digital data collection takes place every second on the car´s product life cycle and is stored on the car producers´ servers. The contribution of this paper is three-fold: we will provide an overview of the current concepts of intelligent order assistant technologies (I). This corpus is used to come to a more precise description of the specific service performance aspects (II). Finally, a representative empirical study with German motor mechanics will help to evaluate the wishes and needs regarding an intelligent order assistant in the garage (III).
Hatte Maria einen Jodmangel?
(2019)
Auch wenn sie im Internet-Zeitalter zu einer Normalität werden, bleiben Ferndiagnosen unter Medizinern umstritten. Erst recht vorsichtig sollte man sein, wenn es sich bei dem Patienten um die leibliche Mutter Gottes handelt. Doch wenn man in diesem Gemälde eine authentische Dokumentation sieht, ist der Befund eindeutig: Maria hatte zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt ihres berühmten Sohns auffällig lange und schlanke Finger sowie eine Struma des Grads II bis III.
Der niedersächsische Landtag entscheidet bei der Diskussion und Abstimmung über die drei genannten Anträge über mehr als nur die Verteilung der Investitionsmittel aus dem „Digitalpakt Schule“. Es geht um grundsätzliche Fragen: Wer bestimmt über Lehrinhalte an staatlichen Schulen und über eingesetzte (Medien-)Technik? Bleibt die Bildungspolitik des Landes dem Anspruch und Recht der Schülerinnen und Schüler nach individueller Bildung und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung verpflichtet, wie es in der Landesverfassung (§1(4)) und im Niedersächsischen Schulgesetz (§2 Bildungsauftrag, NschG) steht? Vermitteln öffentliche Schulen weiterhin eine fundierte Allgemeinbildung als Grundlage sozialer Teilhabe in demokratischen Gemeinschaften? Oder setzen sich Wirtschaftsverbände und IT-Lobbyisten durch, die für mehr und den immer früheren Einsatz von digitalen Endgeräten in Bildungseinrichtungen eintreten? Die „Programmieren bereits in der KiTa“ fordern und Schulen mit „leistungsstarken WLAN ausleuchten“ wollen (CDU/SPD-An-trag), ohne über Strahlung auch nur nachzudenken? Werden Schulen qua Landtagsbeschluss zu Ausbildungsstätten und Berufsvorbereitung (Münch, 2018, 177) – oder nicht?
Dabei ist wissenschaftlich belegt, dass die Qualität von Schule und Unterricht gerade nicht an Medientechnik gekoppelt ist. Entscheidend sind immer qualifizierte Lehrpersönlichkeiten, ein gut strukturierter, altersgerechter Unterricht und der soziale Umgang miteinander. (Studien von Hattie, Telekom, OECD u.a.) Lehren und Lernen sind individuelle und soziale Prozesse, keine technisch steuerbaren Abläufe. Unberücksichtigt bleiben inden Anträgen sowohl die historischen Belege des Scheiterns von Medientechnik (Pias) wie bereits gegenläufige Entwicklungen aus den USA. Kinder in (teuren) Privatschulenwerden wieder von realen Lehrerinnen und Lehrern unterrichtet und genießen den „Luxus menschlicher Interaktion“. Bildschirme sind dort aus den Schulen verbannt, während Kinder an öffentlichen Schulen an Tablets ohne LehrerInnen lernen müssen (Bowles, 2018).
Der niedersächsische Landtag entscheidet bei diesen Anträgen also darüber, ob bereits gescheiterte IT-Konzepte aus den USA wiederholt werden oder ob eine Diskussionüber sinnvolle und pädagogisch fundierte Medienkonzepte für Schulen eröffnet wird, die nicht auf Digitaltechnik verkürzt werden darf. Wer also bestimmt über Lehrinhalte und Medientechnik an Schulen? Die IT-Wirtschaft und Vertreter der Daten-Ökonomie, die Lehrangebote digitalisieren und privatisieren wollen? Oder entscheiden Volksvertreter, nach pädagogischer Expertise, die den Schülerinnen und Schülern verpflichtet sind?
Scheuklappen statt Weitblick
(2019)
Der bildungsferne Campus
(2019)
Social robots not only work with humans in collaborative workspaces – we meet them in shopping malls and even more personal settings like health and care. Does this imply they should become more human, able to interpret and adequately respond to human emotions? Do we want them to help elderly persons? Do we want them to support us when we are old ourselves? Do we want them to just clean and keep things orderly – or would we accept them helping us to go to the toilet, or even feed us if we suffer from Parkinson’s disease?
The answers to these questions differ from person to person. They depend on cultural background, personal experiences – but probably most of all on the robot in question. This book covers the phenomenon of social robots from the historic roots to today’s best practices and future perspectives. To achieve this, we used a hands-on, interdisciplinary approach, incorporating findings from computer scientists, engineers, designers, psychologists, doctors, nurses, historians and many more. The book also covers a vast spectrum of applications, from collaborative industrial work over education to sales. Especially for developments with a high societal impact like robots in health and care settings, the authors discuss not only technology, design and usage but also ethical aspects.
Thus this book creates both a compendium and a guideline, helping to navigate the design space for future developments in social robotics.
Robots and automata are key elements of every vision and forecast of life in the near and distant future. However, robots and automata also have a long history, which reaches back into antiquity. Today most historians think that one of the key roles of robots and automata was to amaze or even terrify the audience: They were designed to express something mythical, magical, and not explainable. Moreover, the visions of robots and their envisioned fields of application reflect the different societies. Therefore, this short history of robotics and (especially) anthropomorphic automata aims to give an overview of several historical periods and their perspective on the topic. In a second step, this work aims to encourage readers to reflect on the recent discussion about fields of application as well as the role of robotics today and in the future.
New employees are supposed to quickly understand their tasks, internal processes and familiarize with colleagues. This process is called “onboarding” and is still mainly realized by organizational methods from human resource management, such as introductory events or special employee sessions. Software tools and especially mobile applications are an innovative means to support provide onboarding processes in a modern, even remote, way. In this paper we analyze how the use of gamification can enhance onboarding processes. Firstly, we describe a mobile onboarding application specifically developed for the young, technically literate generations Y and Z, who are just about to start their career. Secondly, we report on a study with 98 students and young employees. We found that participants enjoyed the gamified application. They especially appreciated the feature “Team Bingo” which facilitates social integration and teambuilding. Based on the OCEAN personality model (“Big Five”), the personality traits agreeableness and openness revealed significant correlations with a preference for the gamified onboarding application.
Top-level staff prefers to live in urban areas with perfect social infrastructure. This is a common problem for excellent companies (“hidden champions”) in rural areas: even if they can provide the services qualified applicants appreciate for daily living, they fail to attract them because important facts are not presented sufficiently in social media or on the corporate website. This is especially true for applicants with families. The contribution of this paper is four-fold: we provide an overview of the current state of online recruiting activities of hidden champions (1). Based on this corpus, we describe the applicant service gap for company information in rural communes (2). A study on user experience (UX) identifies the applicants’ wishes and needs, focusing on a family-oriented information system on living conditions in rural areas (3). Finally, we present the results of an online survey on the value of such information systems with more than 200 participants (4).
What emotional effects does gamification have on users who work or learn with repetitive tasks? In this work, we use biosignals to analyze these affective effects of gamification. After a brief discussion of related work, we describe the implementation of an assistive system augmenting work by projecting elements for guidance and gamification. We also show how this system can be extended to analyse users' emotions. In a user study, we analyse both biosignals (facial expressions and electrodermal activity), and regular performance measures (error rate and task completion time).
For the performance measures, the results confirm known effects like increased speed and slightly increased error rate. In addition, the analysis of the biosignals provides strong evidence for two major affective effects: the gamification of work and learning tasks incites highly significantly more positive emotions and increases emotionality altogether. The results add to the design of assistive systems, which are aware of the physical as well as the affective context.
Soziale Roboter unterscheiden sich von Servicerobotern, da sie auch komplexere Interaktionen und Kommunikation beherrschen. Einige können Emotionen simulieren oder sogar erkennen. Einsatzbereiche gibt es viele: vom Haushalt über die Pflege bis in den medizinischen Bereich. Wo liegen die Grenzen der aktuellen Systeme? Wie müssen soziale Roboter aussehen und interagieren, um als nützliche Helfer statt als Konkurrenten wahrgenommen zu werden? Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick bestehender sozialer Roboter. Er beleuchtet deren Akzeptanz im wichtigen Bereich Gesundheit und Pflege anhand der Ergebnisse einer Expertenstudie und gibt eine zeitliche Perspektive zur weiteren Entwicklung.
A novel Bluetooth Low Energy advertising scan algorithm is presented for hybrid radios that are additionally capable to measure energy on Bluetooth channels, e.g. as they would need to be compliant with IEEE 802.15.4. Scanners applying this algorithm can achieve a low latency whilst consuming only a fraction of the power that existing mechanisms can achieve at a similar latency. Furthermore, the power consumption can scale with the incoming network traffic and in contrast to the existing mechanisms, scanners can operate without any frame loss given ideal network conditions. The algorithm does not require any changes to advertisers, hence, stays compatible with existing devices. Performance evaluated via simulation and experiments on real hardware shows a 37 percent lower power consumption compared to the best existing scan setting while even achieving a slightly lower latency which proves that this algorithm can be used to improve the quality of service of connection-less Bluetooth communication or reduce the connection establishment time of connection-oriented communication.
Avoiding collisions between a robot arm and any obstacle in its path is essential to human-robot collaboration. Multiple systems are available that can detect obstacles in the robot's way prior and subsequent to a collision. The systems work well in different areas surrounding the robot. One area that is difficult to handle is the area that is hidden by the robot arm. This paper focuses on pick and place maneuvers, especially on obstacle detection in between the robot arm and the table that robot is located on. It introduces the use of single pixel time-of-flight sensors to detect obstacles directly from the robot arm. The proposed approach reduces the complexity of the problem by locking axes of the robot that are not needed for the pick and place movement. The comparison of simulated results and laboratory measurements show concordance.