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The invention relates to a container (1) for a liquid medium (3), in particular a blood bag, comprising a flexible outer wall (5) and a device (13) connected to the container (1) for acquiring and/or storing data. According to the invention, the device (13) for acquiring and/or storing data is arranged within the flexible outer wall (5), wherein positioning means (15) are provided which hold the device (13) for acquiring and/or storing data in a floating manner in the liquid medium when the container (1) is filled with said liquid medium (3), and wherein the device (13) or the device (13) and the positioning means (15) are designed such that the mass of liquid medium (3) which is displaced in each case is essentially equal to the mass of the device (13) or to the mass of the device (13) and the positioning means (15).
This paper describes the magmaOffenburg 3D simulation team trying to qualify for RoboCup 2012. While last year’s TDP focused on the tool set created for 3D simulation and the support for heterogeneous robot models, this year we focus on the different ways how robot behavior can be defined in the magmaOffenburg framework and how those behaviors can be improved by learning.
We will present the first example of a two-dimensional scanned TLC-plate, measured by use of a diode-array scanner. A spatial resolution of 250 µm was achieved on plate. The system provides real 2D fluorescence and absorption spectra in the wavelength-range from 190 to 1000 nm with a spectral resolution of greater than 1 nm. A mixture of 12 sulphonamides was separated by using a cyanopropyl-coated silica gel plate (Merck, 1.16464) with the solvent mix of methyl tert-butyl ether-methanol-dichloromethane-cyclohexane-NH3 (25%) (48:2:2:1:1, v/v) in the first and with a mixture of water-acetonitrile-dioxane-ethanol (8:2:1:1, v/v) in the second direction. Both developments were carried out over a distance of 70 mm. A separation number (spot capacity) of 259 was calculated. We discussed a new formula for its calculation in 2D-TLC separations. The drawback of this method is that measuring a 2D-TLC plate needs more than 3 h measurement time.
The following paper presents the results of a feasibility study about Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based wireless sensors. The development of industrial wireless sensors leads to important demands for the wireless technologies like a low energy consumption and a resource saving simple protocol stack. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a rather new wireless standard which will completely fulfill these fundamental requirements. A self-designed BLE sensor system has been used to explore the common applicability of BLE for wireless sensor systems. The evaluation results of various analyses with the BLE sensor system are now presented in this paper.
Remote measurement of the physiology, so-called biotelemetry, is a key technology in the modern veterinary medicine. The usage of wireless implants has less impact on the behavior of animals than manual measurement methods and cause less disturbance than wired devices. But, common biotelemetry still uses proprietary communication and power concepts focused on small systems with one animal. Therefore, the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg is developing a low-cost RFID system called muTrans1, which is able to measure ECG, pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation and activity. The muTrans uses an own RFID sensor transponder and standardized commercial components and combines them to a scalable RFID system able to build-up RFID sensor networks with a nearly unlimited size.
In this paper, a complete passive transponder device has been discussed which is meant to monitor leakage in silicone breast implants. The passive tag operates in the HF frequency range of 13.56MHz using RFID ISO 15693 standard. The complete system consists of the transponder, reader and a PC. This paper focusses on the development of such a state of the art passive RFID transponder to monitor the wellness of the silicone breast implants periodically in order to detect leakage in the same. Keyword: RFID (Radio frequency identification device), EM (Electromagnetic) field, Passive Transponder, Silicone breast implants.
In the field of smart metering it can be observed that standardized protocol, like Wireless M-Bus or ZigBee, enjoy a rapidly increasing popularity. For the protocol implementations, however, up to now, mostly legacy engineering processes and technologies are used, and modern approaches such as model driven design processes or open software platform are disregarded. Therefore, within the WiMBex project, it shall be demonstrated that it is possible to develop a commercial class Wireless M-Bus implementation following state-of-the art design process and using TinyOS as an open source platform. This contribution describes the overall approach of the project, as well as the state and the first experiences of the current work in progress.
During the last ten years the development of wireless sensing applications has become more and more attractive. A major reason for this trend is the large quantity of available wireless technologies. The progressing demand on wireless technologies is mainly driven through development from the industrial wireless sensors market. Especially requirements like low energy consumption, a resource saving simple protocol stack and short timing delays between different states of the wireless transceivers are very important for wireless sensors. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a rather new wireless standard in addition to the traditional Bluetooth standard (Basis rate and enhanced data rate, BR/EDR) [1]. The BLE will completely fulfill these fundamental requirements. First BLE transceiver chips and modules are available and have been tested and implemented in products. In this paper the performance analysis results of a BLE sensor system which is based on the TI transceiver CC2540F [5] will be presented. The results can be taken for further important investigations like lifetime calculations or BLE simulation models.
Today's network landscape consists of many different network technologies, a wide range of end-devices with a large scale of capabilities and power, and an immense quantity of information and data represented in different formats. Research on 3D imaging, virtual reality and holographic techniques will result in new user interfaces (UI) for mobile devices and will increase their diversity and variety. In this paper software architecture has been proposed to establish device and content format independent communication, implemented in Language Learning Game (LLG).
Since cabling is very complex and often causes reliability problems in aircrafts new approaches which base on wireless technologies are highly desired. In this paper an innovative communication system is proposed that uses the essential elements of the airframe for data transfer. The communication is based on the wireless standard for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and enables high data rates, which are required for the in-flight entertainment system as an example of use.
This paper analyzes the applicability of existing communication technology on the Smart Grid. In particular it evaluates how networks, e.g. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and decentralized Virtual Private Network (VPN) can help set up an agent-based system. It is expected that applications on Smart Grid devices will become more powerful and be able to operate without a central control instance. We analyze which requirements agents and Smart Grid devices place on communication systems and validate promising approaches. The main focus is to create a logical overlay network that provides direct communication between network nodes. We provide a comparison of different approaches of P2P networks and mesh-VPNs. Finally the advantages of mesh-VPN for agent-based systems are worked out.
Power systems are increasingly built from distributed generation units and smart consumers that are able to react to grid conditions. Managing this large number of decentralized electricity sources and flexible loads represent a very huge optimization problem. Both from the regulatory and the computational perspective, no one central coordinator can optimize this overall system. Decentralized control mechanisms can, however, distribute the optimization task through price signals or market-based mechanisms. This chapter presents the concepts that enable a decentralized control of demand and supply while enhancing overall efficiency of the electricity system. It highlights both technological and business challenges that result from the realization of these concepts, and presents the state-of-the-art in the respective domains.
There is an increasing demand by an ever-growing number of mobile customers for transfer of rich media content. This requires very high bandwidth which either cannot be provided by the current cellular systems or puts pressure on the wireless networks, affecting customer service quality. This study introduces COARSE – a novel cluster-based quality-oriented adaptive radio resource allocation scheme, which dynamically and adaptively manages the radio resources in a cluster-based two-hop multi-cellular network, having a frequency reuse of one. COARSE is a cross-layer approach across physical layer, link layer and the application layer. COARSE gathers data delivery-related information from both physical and link layers and uses it to adjust bandwidth resources among the video streaming end-users. Extensive analysis and simulations show that COARSE enables a controlled trade-off between the physical layer data rate per user and the number of users communicating using a given resource. Significantly, COARSE provides 25–75% improvement in the computed user-perceived video quality compared with that obtained from an equivalent single-hop network.
Improved separation of highly toxic contact herbicides paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4-4′-bipyridinium), diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyridol[ 1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazine-5,8-di-ium), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium-methyl sulfate), mepiquat (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium), and chloromequat (2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium) were presented by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The quantification is based on a derivatization reaction, using sodium tetraphenylborate. Measurements were made in the wavelength range from 500 to 535 nm, using a light-emitting diode (LED) for excitation purposes, which emits very dense light at 365 nm. For calculations, a new theory of standard addition method was used, thus leading to a minimal error if exactly the same amount of sample content is added as a standard. The method provides a fast and inexpensive approach to quantification of the five most important quats used for plant protection purposes. The method works reliably because it takes into account losses during pre-treatment procedure. The method meets the European legislation limits for paraquat and diquat in drinking water according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method 549.2 which are 680 ng L−1 for paraquat and 720 ng L−1 for diquat. The method of standard addition in planar chromatography can be beneficially used to reduce systematic errors. Although recovery rates of 33.7% to 65.2% are observed, calculated contents according to the method of standard addition lie between 69% and 127% of the theoretical amounts.
The CO2 uptake on nanoscale AlO(OH) hollow spheres (260 mg g−1) as a new material is comparable to that on many metal–organic frameworks although their specific surface area is much lower (530 m2 g¬1versus 1500–6000 m2g¬1). Suited temperature–pressure cycles allow for reversible storage and separation of CO2 while the CO2 uptake is 4.3-times higher as compared to N2.
Multi-phase management is crucial for performance and durability of electrochemical cells such as batteries and fuel cells. In this paper we present a generic framework for describing the two-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution of gaseous, liquid and solid phases, as well as their interdependence with interfacial (electro-)chemistry and microstructure in a continuum description. The modeling domain consists of up to seven layers (current collectors, channels, electrodes, separator/membrane), each of which can consist of an arbitrary number of bulk phases (gas, liquid, solid) and connecting interfaces (two-phase or multi-phase boundaries). Bulk and interfacial chemistry is described using global or elementary kinetic reactions. Multi-phase management is coupled to chemistry and to mass and charge transport within bulk phases. The functionality and flexibility of this framework is demonstrated using four application areas in the context of post-lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, that is, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells, lithium-oxygen (Li-O) cells, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEFC). The results are compared to models available in literature and properties of the generic framework are discussed.
Pure gas adsorption isotherms of CH4 and N2 and their binary mixtures were measured at 273 K, 298 K and 323 K and up to 2 MPa on two different microporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e. the commercially available Basolite® A100 and the recently reported copper-based triazolyl benzoate MOF 3∞[Cu(Me-4py-trz-ia)] (1). The Tòth isotherm model and the vacancy solution model were used to describe the experimentally determined isotherms and proved to be well suited for this purpose. While 1 shows a more homogeneous surface with a nearly constant isosteric heat of adsorption of 18–18.5 kJ mol−1 for CH4 and 12–15 kJ mol−1 for N2, the isosteric heat of adsorption at zero coverage for Basolite® A100 is 19 kJ mol−1 for CH4 and 16.2 kJ mol−1 for N2, decreasing significantly with increasing loading. Binary adsorption isotherms were measured gravimetrically to determine the total adsorbed mass of CH4 and N2. The van Ness method was successfully applied to calculate partial loadings from gravimetrically measured binary adsorption isotherms. Further studies by volumetric–chromatographic experiments support the good correlation between experimental data and predictions by the vacancy solution model (VSM-Wilson) and the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) from pure gas isotherms. The experimental selectivities were determined to be αCH4/N2 = 4.0–5.0 for 1, slightly higher than for Basolite® A100 with αCH4/N2 = 3.4–4.5. These values are in good agreement with predictions for ideal selectivities based on Henry's law constants. From the experimental selectivities the potential of both MOFs in gas separation of CH4 from N2 can be derived.
Limits of quantification of some neonicotinoid insecticides measured by thin-layer chromatography
(2012)
A simple method to quantify the neonicotinoid insecticides nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and clothianidin directly on an HPTLC-plate is presented. As stationary phase silica gel 60 RP-18WF254 s plates were used and a mixture of methyl-t-butyl ether, 2-butanone, NH3 (25%) (5 + 2+0.1, v/v) was used as solvent. All neonicotinoid insecticides show light absorptions below 300 nm. The calculated limits of quantification (LOQ) by UV-detection are in the range from 12 ng to 26 ng on plate depending on the different insecticides.Nitenpyram can be stained using fast blue salt B, forming red zones. The observed LOQ is 25 ng on plate. Acetamiprid can be specifically stained using phenylglyoxylic acid forming a yellow/green fluorescent compound. The LOQ is 52 ng per spot.The compounds thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and clothianidin can be transformed into blue fluorescing zones, using a relatively new staining solution. This consists of tetraphenylborate and HCl. This is the first publication mentioning that neonicotinoids undergo this reaction. The calculated limits of quantification are in the range from 10 ng to 27 ng on plate.A simple pre-treatment procedure using an acetonitrile extraction and a Chromabond SiOH clean up procedure leads to overall LOQs for bee samples of 48 to 108 µg/Kg. The method can be used to measure neonicotinoid contaminations of bees.
The study from Mehrazin et al. in HJNM 2011; 14(3): 243-50 on the neuropsychology, morphological computerized tomography (CT) and functional neuroimaging with 99mTc-labelled ethylene cystein-ate dimer single-photon emission tomography (SPET) in mild trau-matic brain injury (MTBI) is an interesting new approach to a disease condition which is often neglected or denied. Related to the above, we may note that the French composer Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), who suffered from Pick ́s disease with primary progressive apha-sia, had a taxi accident in 1932, with a mild concussion, perhaps an MTBI. Apart from the dysphasia and beginning apraxia, which Rav-el had already 5 years prior to the taxi accident, these symptoms exacerbated-the dysphasia became a progressive aphasia-and he developed additional severe deficits in concentration and atten-tion after the accident. It has also been suspected that this accident may have triggered Ravel ́s agraphia the unability to write down any new composition beyond the date of the taxi accident, a condi-tion that Ravel himself described as unacceptable and which made him feel very sad as his mind was full of ideas. Due to the deterio-ration of his health, which can also be seen in his appearance on late photographs, Ravel consulted the famous neurosurgeon Prof. Clovis Vincent. Vincent, who suspected a hydrocephalus, opened Ravel ́s skull on December 19, 1937, showing a normal brain. Soon after surgery Ravel died. In conclusion, a SPET/CT approach com-bined with a brain perfusion analysis using statistical parametric mapping might be the recommendable approach today for mild traumatic brain injury.