Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (reviewed) (551) (remove)
Language
- English (551) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (551) (remove)
Keywords
- Dünnschichtchromatographie (17)
- Adsorption (10)
- Metallorganisches Netzwerk (9)
- Lithiumbatterie (8)
- Plastizität (8)
- 3D printing (7)
- Energieversorgung (6)
- Ermüdung (6)
- Intelligentes Stromnetz (6)
- blockchain (6)
- Brennstoffzelle (5)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (5)
- HPTLC (5)
- Mikrostruktur (5)
- Simulation (5)
- Batterie (4)
- Blockchain (4)
- Chromatographie (4)
- Export (4)
- Haustechnik (4)
- Hochdruck (4)
- Materialermüdung (4)
- Methan (4)
- Netzwerk (4)
- Strömungsmechanik (4)
- Thermomechanik (4)
- Trade (4)
- lithium-ion battery (4)
- neuroprosthetics (4)
- Acceptance (3)
- Algorithmus (3)
- COVID-19 (3)
- Deep Leaning (3)
- Eisenguss (3)
- Elektrode (3)
- Elektrolyt (3)
- Faseroptik (3)
- Fotovoltaik (3)
- Götz von Berlichingen (3)
- Kohlendioxid (3)
- Kupfer (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Nanotechnologie (3)
- Nonlinearity (3)
- Oxidation (3)
- Polymere (3)
- Quantität (3)
- Sorption (3)
- Surface acoustic waves (3)
- Trauma (3)
- amputee (3)
- bimodal hearing (3)
- biomechanics (3)
- computer-aided design (3)
- injury prevention (3)
- lithium-ion batteries (3)
- mechanical properties (3)
- running (3)
- sound localization (3)
- 3D computer-aided design (2)
- Additive manufacturing (2)
- Analyse (2)
- Aufreinigung (2)
- Belastung (2)
- Bruch (2)
- CDMA (2)
- CPC (2)
- Cantera (2)
- Cloud computing (2)
- Codierung (2)
- Controlling (2)
- Crack opening stress (2)
- Cunninghamella elegans (2)
- Deep learning (2)
- Densitometrie (2)
- Design (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Diode-array detection (2)
- Druck (2)
- Durchblutung (2)
- Durchfluss (2)
- ECA (2)
- Eingebettetes System (2)
- Elastizität (2)
- Elektronische Bibliothek (2)
- Emission (2)
- Energie (2)
- Energietechnik (2)
- Entrepreneurship (2)
- FFF (2)
- Finance (2)
- Finite element method (2)
- Fluorescence enhancement (2)
- Games (2)
- Gamification (2)
- Gas (2)
- Gebäudeleittechnik (2)
- Gehirn (2)
- General Energy (2)
- Glucose (2)
- Grauguss (2)
- Gusseisen (2)
- Halswirbelsäule (2)
- High-performance thin-layer chromatography (2)
- Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle (2)
- IIoT (2)
- Internet of Things (2)
- IoT security (2)
- Katalyse (2)
- Keilwelle (2)
- Kohlenstoff (2)
- Kommunikation (2)
- Kubelka-Munk theory (2)
- Lichtbogenofen (2)
- Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator (2)
- Lithium-ion battery (2)
- MPC (2)
- Mathematik (2)
- Messtechnik (2)
- Microstructure (2)
- Muscle strength (2)
- NPS (2)
- Nahrung (2)
- Nuklearmedizin (2)
- PUF key generation (2)
- Pharmazie (2)
- Plasticity-induced crack closure (2)
- Polymer-Elektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzelle (2)
- Predictive maintenance (2)
- Problemlösen (2)
- Produktentwicklung (2)
- Prozessor (2)
- Qualität (2)
- Rayleigh waves (2)
- Roboter (2)
- Robotics (2)
- Robotik (2)
- Scalability (2)
- Schallwelle (2)
- Schlafforschung (2)
- Sicherheit (2)
- Social Robots (2)
- Software (2)
- Spalt (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Surface Acoustic Waves (2)
- Synchronisierung (2)
- TLC (2)
- TRIZ (2)
- Thermal comfort (2)
- Thin-layer chromatography (2)
- Ultraschall (2)
- Verteilung (2)
- Virtual Reality (2)
- Wasserstoff (2)
- Wedge waves (2)
- Wärmepumpe (2)
- Wärmeübertragung (2)
- animal feed (2)
- anterior cruciate ligament (2)
- anthropomorphic hand replacement (2)
- augmented reality (2)
- binaural hearing (2)
- biocompatibility (2)
- biomaterials (2)
- blend electrode (2)
- cardiac resynchronization therapy (2)
- change of direction (2)
- cochlear implant (2)
- cutting (2)
- cyclic loading (2)
- esophageal catheter (2)
- finite element method (2)
- fungi (2)
- hearing aid (2)
- heart rhythm model (2)
- interaural stimulation timing (2)
- inverse dynamics (2)
- locomotion (2)
- machine learning (2)
- metabolism (2)
- neural networks (2)
- overuse injuries (2)
- oxide electronics (2)
- peer-to-peer (2)
- pulmonary vein isolation (2)
- speech in noise (2)
- sports medicine (2)
- sustainability (2)
- thermomechanische Ermüdung (2)
- β-TCP (2)
- 1.5-Degree-target (1)
- 2D axi-symmetric (1)
- 3D CAD (1)
- 3D light scanning (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 3D multi-material polymer printing (1)
- 3D multi-material printing (1)
- 3D print (1)
- 3D printed (1)
- 3D-CAD (1)
- 3D-light scanning (1)
- 3D-print (1)
- 3d Heart Simulation (1)
- 3d print (1)
- 4D Printing (1)
- 65D17 (1)
- 65D18 (1)
- 68U05 (1)
- ADA-gelatin gels (1)
- Ablaufplanung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Abtastung (1)
- Abtragung (1)
- Acidic endopeptidase (1)
- Acoustic wave phenomena (1)
- Acoustical properties (1)
- Adaptive predictive control (1)
- Additive Tooling (1)
- Adversarial robustness (1)
- Agglomerat (1)
- Aging (1)
- Akustik (1)
- Akustische Oberflächenwelle (1)
- AlScN (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Aliasing (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Ammoniumverbindungen (1)
- Ancient Capua leg (1)
- Anisotropie (1)
- Antenna measurements (1)
- Antennas (1)
- Antioxidative peptides (1)
- Applied Electric Field (1)
- Artemisinin (1)
- Artificial Feedback (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Arzneimittel (1)
- Assistive Technology (1)
- Astaxanthin (1)
- Asymmetric hearing loss (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Aufladung (1)
- Augmented reality (1)
- Augmented-reality glasses (1)
- Ausgleich (1)
- BACnet (1)
- BIPV (1)
- Bacillus sp. (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Balance (1)
- Batteries Lithium (1)
- Battery (1)
- Battery energy management system (1)
- Battery pack (1)
- Bauschinger effect (1)
- Baustoff (1)
- Bautechnik (1)
- Bauteil (1)
- Bauökologie (1)
- Bearing fault classification (1)
- Bearings (1)
- Behavioral matching (1)
- Belüftung (1)
- Bending moments (1)
- Benzocain (1)
- Berechnung (1)
- Beverages (1)
- Biene (1)
- Bifacial (1)
- Bildgebendes Verfahren (1)
- Bildgebung (1)
- Bimodal stimulation (1)
- Binder-based AM (1)
- Binder-basiertes AM (1)
- Bio-based building envelope (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biolumineszenz (1)
- Biomechanik (1)
- Biomedical engineering (1)
- Biomedizin (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Blase (1)
- Blockchain-to-Blockchain communication (1)
- Blockchains (1)
- Body sway (1)
- Bone quality and biomechanics (1)
- Building (1)
- Building automation system (1)
- Building energy model (1)
- Button cell (1)
- Bürohaus (1)
- CAD (1)
- CDHA (1)
- CI Stimulation (1)
- CIoT (1)
- CNC (1)
- CNNs (1)
- CO2 allowance (1)
- CRT (1)
- CSR authenticity (1)
- CST (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Canthaxanthin (1)
- Capillary Number (1)
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (1)
- Cardiac modelling (1)
- Cardiac resynchronization therapy (1)
- Cash flow (1)
- Catheter Ablation (1)
- Cellular networks (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemische Synthese (1)
- Chlorwasserstoff (1)
- Christian von Mechel (1)
- Circular economy (1)
- Civil and Structural Engineering (1)
- Claims (1)
- Cloud Computing (1)
- Cloud storage (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Clusteranalyse (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cochlea (1)
- Cochlear implant (1)
- Collagen I (1)
- Combined heat and power generation (1)
- Competitive positioning (1)
- Compound identification (1)
- Computer Games (1)
- Computer Science (1)
- Computer science (1)
- Computerspiele (1)
- Computertomografie (1)
- Confinements (1)
- Coniferous tree (1)
- Construction (1)
- Conversation analysis (1)
- Coronavirus (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Corporate social responsibility (1)
- Crack closure (1)
- Crisis-time behaviour (1)
- Crystal plasticity finite-element simulation (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Culture (1)
- Current control (1)
- Customised (1)
- Cyclic J (1)
- Cyclic crack-tip opening displacement (1)
- Cyclic micro-bending (1)
- Cyclic plasticity (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Datenbanksystem (1)
- Datensicherung (1)
- Deactivation/activation processes (1)
- Deafblind (1)
- Deafblindness (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deep diffusion models (1)
- Demand Side Management (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Dichtebestimmung (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Differenz (1)
- Digitaler Zwilling (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Diode-Array TLC (1)
- Diode-array detector (1)
- Diode‐array TLC (1)
- Direct analysis in real time–mass spectrometry (1)
- Disabilities (1)
- Discrete-time model (1)
- Disjoin Pressure (1)
- Disruption (1)
- Disruptive Innovation (1)
- Dissens (1)
- Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol (1)
- Disulfide mapping (1)
- Downhill walking (1)
- Dynamic physical activities (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- EEG (1)
- EOG (1)
- Econometrics and Finance (1)
- Economic Growth (1)
- Edge control (1)
- Edge waves (1)
- Effect-directed analysis (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Einheit (1)
- Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (1)
- Elastische Welle (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrical Double Layer (1)
- Electrical Engineering (1)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering (1)
- Electrical and electronic engineering (1)
- Electrical drives (1)
- Electricity system model (1)
- Electricity-coupled heat generation (1)
- Electrochemical Engineering (1)
- Electrode Model (1)
- Electronic Engineering (1)
- Elektrisches Netz (1)
- Elektrizitätsnetz (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrokardiografie (1)
- Elektrokinetische Erscheinung (1)
- Elektronik (1)
- Elektroosmose (1)
- Elektrotechnik (1)
- End-plate connection (1)
- Energieeffizienz (1)
- Energiespeicher (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Energiewirtschaft (1)
- Energy Load Match (1)
- Energy Storage (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy savings (1)
- Energy simulation (1)
- Energy transition (1)
- Entbinderung (1)
- Entfernung (1)
- Entkopplung (1)
- Entrepreneurial Culture (1)
- Entrepreneurs (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Epilepsie (1)
- Epitaxy (1)
- Equivalent domain integral method (1)
- Equol (1)
- Equol in cattle manure (1)
- Erfolg (1)
- Ergänzung (1)
- Ethanol (1)
- Ethinylestradiol (1)
- Europa (1)
- Export Credit (1)
- Exportkredit (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- Eyetracking (1)
- FDI (1)
- FEM (1)
- FEM model (1)
- Fassade (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fault classification (1)
- Featherweight Go (1)
- Fertigungsautomation (1)
- Festbett (1)
- Festkörper (1)
- Festoxidbrennstoffzelle (1)
- Field measurements (1)
- Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finite Elemant Method (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite element simulation (1)
- Finite-element analysis (1)
- Flexibilität (1)
- Fließeigenschaften (1)
- Fließverhalten (1)
- Flugdatenregistriergerät (1)
- Fluorescence detection (1)
- Fluorescence measurements (1)
- Flupirtine (1)
- Fläche (1)
- Flüssigkeit (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Food proteins (1)
- Footwear individualisation (1)
- Freeware (1)
- Full Faith and Credit (1)
- Functional performance (1)
- Funktion (1)
- Funktionalität (1)
- Führungskultur (1)
- GPU Computing (1)
- Gait (1)
- Game Design (1)
- Gasbehälter (1)
- Gebäudetechnik (1)
- Gefühl (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Economics (1)
- Generations (1)
- Generative models (1)
- Germany (1)
- Geschwindigkeit (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsverteilung (1)
- Ghana (1)
- Glasfaserkabel (1)
- Gleichung (1)
- Glucosamin (1)
- Gradient (1)
- Gray cast iron (1)
- Grey-Box Model (1)
- Grid (1)
- Grinding machines (1)
- Gruppe (1)
- Guided waves (1)
- Gummi (1)
- HF Ablation (1)
- HF-Ablation (1)
- Handy (1)
- Hard rock (1)
- Hardening behavior (1)
- Hardware and Architecture (1)
- HeLa cells (1)
- Health (1)
- Heart rhythm simulation (1)
- Heat pumps (1)
- Hemp clay bricks (1)
- Hep-G2 cells (1)
- Herzfrequenz (1)
- Herzkrankheit (1)
- Herzschrittmacher (1)
- Heuristic algorithms (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- Hiking (1)
- Hirnschädigung (1)
- Hirntumor (1)
- His-bundle pacing (1)
- Hochfrequenz (1)
- Hot work tool steel (1)
- Human Computer Interaction (1)
- Human Computrer Interaction (1)
- Human MSC (1)
- Human Resource Management (1)
- Human-Computer Interaction (1)
- Human-Robot Interaction (1)
- Hydrodynamik (1)
- Hygrothermal properties (1)
- Hypertext (1)
- Hörgerät (1)
- IT-Sicherheit (1)
- Ibuprofen (1)
- Impedance Spectroscopy (1)
- Implantat (1)
- Inactivity (1)
- Incremental J-integral (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial internet of things (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Industry 4.0 (1)
- Industry automation (1)
- Information (1)
- Infrarot-Spektroskopie (1)
- Inhaltsstoff (1)
- Injury risk factor (1)
- Insektizid (1)
- Instabilität (1)
- Integralrechnung (1)
- Integration (1)
- Intense sweetener (1)
- Intercalation thermodynamics (1)
- Interdigital transducers (1)
- Intermediate domain (1)
- Internal Audit (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interpersonal coordination (1)
- Iron Hand (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isoglosse (1)
- J-integral (1)
- Java (1)
- Java <Programmiersprache> (1)
- Jitter (1)
- Johann Sebastian Bach (1)
- Just-in-time Learning (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Keil (1)
- Kex2 (1)
- Kinderheilkunde (1)
- Kinematics (1)
- Kinematik (1)
- Klassifikation (1)
- Klimatechnik (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Knee arthroplasty (1)
- Kommunikationsprotokoll (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Kooperation (1)
- Kosten (1)
- Kreativität (1)
- Kristallstruktur (1)
- Kugelgrafit (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kurve (1)
- LAM (1)
- LFP (1)
- LLI (1)
- LOAM (LiDAR odometry and mapping) (1)
- Lamellengrafit (1)
- Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (1)
- Large-scale Evaluation (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Lasertechnologie (1)
- Latent kinematic hardening (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Lehm (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Leitfähige Polymere (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Lieferung (1)
- Lifetime (1)
- Light-weight building (1)
- Lineare Regression (1)
- Linearization models (1)
- LinkedIn (1)
- Linse (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Lithium-Ion Battery (1)
- Lithium-air (1)
- Lithium-ion batteries (1)
- Lithium-ion battery (LIB) (1)
- Loneliness (1)
- Low-latency (1)
- Lumbar spine (1)
- Lutein (1)
- Lys-N (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MEMS (1)
- MG-63 (1)
- MLO-Y4 (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Machine-learning (1)
- Magnetic resonance (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magnetoacoustic effect (1)
- Management (1)
- Management Theory (1)
- Management Trends (1)
- Manufacturing Processes (1)
- Marketability (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Maschinenbaustudium (1)
- Maschinenelement (1)
- Maturation (1)
- Maxwell Stress (1)
- Mechanical Engineering (1)
- Mechanical loading (1)
- Mechanics of Materials (1)
- Mechatronik (1)
- Media Streaming Services (1)
- Medizintechnik (1)
- Melamin (1)
- Membrane distillation (1)
- Membrane distillation Wetting mitigation Brine concentration Draw solution recovery (1)
- Metallgitter (1)
- Micromechanics (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Microtunnelling (1)
- Mikrofilm (1)
- Mikroporosität (1)
- Milch (1)
- Mobile Applications (1)
- Mobile Devices (1)
- Mobilfunk (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Modeling and Simulation (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modulation (1)
- Morocco (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Motion analysis (1)
- Multiple regression (1)
- Musculoskeletal modeling (1)
- Myopic optimization (1)
- N.I.C.E. (1)
- NBOMe (1)
- Nachruf (1)
- Nachweis (1)
- Nanometerbereich (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Net zero energy building (NZEB) (1)
- Netzwerkmanagement (1)
- Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (1)
- Neuroendokrinologie (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel oxidation (1)
- Nickel-based superalloys (1)
- Nickellegierung (1)
- Niederfrequenz (1)
- Niedrige Energie (1)
- Noise measurement (1)
- Numerical simulation (1)
- Nutzfläche (1)
- OECD (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Oberflächenbehandlung (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Ofenparametrisierung (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Operational flexibility (1)
- Optical phase matching (1)
- Optical techniques (1)
- Optimieren (1)
- Organic electronics (1)
- Organizational Culture (1)
- Ostwald ripening (1)
- Overuse injury (1)
- P3D (1)
- PAH (1)
- PCL (1)
- PCL scaffold (1)
- PCL scaffolds (1)
- PROM (1)
- PV power forecast (1)
- Particle hardening (1)
- Particle swarm optimization (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Penetration prediction (1)
- Penny-shaped crack (1)
- Peptidases (1)
- Peptide analyses (1)
- Peptide characteristics (1)
- Peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase (1)
- Personalized prostheses (1)
- Phononic crystal (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Photovoltaic (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Photovoltaikeinspeisung (1)
- Physiological cardiac pacing (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Phytoestrogen equol (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastische Chirurgie (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates (1)
- Polymerisation (1)
- Pore (1)
- Porosität (1)
- Positron emission tomography (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Predictive Management (1)
- Printed Electronics (1)
- Procedural Content Generation (1)
- Produkt (1)
- Produktion (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Promotion (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Prozessatmosphären (1)
- Präfix (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Psychiatrie (1)
- Public Policy (1)
- Public life restrictions (1)
- Pull Service (1)
- Purchase intention (1)
- Push Service (1)
- PyCCS (1)
- Pyrene (1)
- ROS (1)
- RTK (1)
- Radiofrequency identification (1)
- Radiologie (1)
- Radnabenmotor (1)
- Rahmen (1)
- Ramberg-Osgood relationship (1)
- Rapsöl (1)
- Ratte (1)
- Rauchgas (1)
- Raumgitter (1)
- Ravel, Maurice (1)
- Reagent‐free derivatization (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismus (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Redoxpotenzial (1)
- Reflectance (1)
- Regional renewable energy level (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Remaining useful life (1)
- Remission (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Repair (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resveratrol (1)
- Reuse (1)
- Reynolds-Zahl (1)
- Risk Management (1)
- Rissausbreitung (1)
- Robot-Assisted Training (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rotierende Flüssigkeit (1)
- Roubst overfitting (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Running shoe (1)
- Ruß (1)
- Rückfluss (1)
- Rühren (1)
- SAP (1)
- SEI (1)
- SEI formation (1)
- SEM+EDX (1)
- SLAM (1)
- SMIL (1)
- Sales performance (1)
- Salmon (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Scanner (1)
- Schaufelrad (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Scheibe (1)
- Schienenfahrzeug (1)
- Schlafstörung (1)
- Schleudertrauma (1)
- Schmelze (1)
- Schnittstelle (1)
- Schrott (1)
- Schrottschmelze (1)
- Schwefeldioxid (1)
- Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (1)
- Schädigung (1)
- Screening (1)
- Security (1)
- Sedentary behavior (1)
- Seismic processing (1)
- Shovelomics (1)
- Sicherheitstechnik (1)
- Sign of Hertoghe (1)
- Signaltechnik (1)
- Silicon crystal (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single crystal plasticity (1)
- Single-particle model (1)
- Single-sided deafness (1)
- Slip trace analysis (1)
- Smart Grid (1)
- Smart grid (1)
- Social Isolation (1)
- Social media performance measurement (1)
- Solartechnik (1)
- Solid oxide electrolyzer cell (1)
- Solid oxide fuel cell (1)
- Soziale Roboter (1)
- Spannung (1)
- Spektrum (1)
- Spin dynamics (1)
- Sports Injury (1)
- Sprache (1)
- Stadtfahrzeug (1)
- Stahl (1)
- State of charge (SOC) (1)
- State of health (SOH) (1)
- Stationäre Phase (1)
- Stickstoff (1)
- Strain engineering (1)
- Strategy (1)
- Strategy creation view (1)
- Stromregelung von Drehstromantrieben (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- Subspace Clustering (1)
- Substrates (1)
- Sucht (1)
- Sucralose (1)
- Suffix (1)
- Supraventricular Tachycardia (1)
- Surface acoustic wave (1)
- Sustainable development (1)
- Symmetrie (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- Synthese (1)
- System design (1)
- Systematic and statistical errors (1)
- TBM performance (1)
- TLC scanner (1)
- Taumelscheibe (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Technik (1)
- Techno-economic analysis (1)
- Telepresence (1)
- Temperature-dependent material (1)
- Terpentinöl (1)
- Terrestrisches Laserscanning (1)
- Text (1)
- Theology (1)
- Thermal Storage (1)
- Thermal separation (1)
- Thermal softening (1)
- Thermische Belastung (1)
- Thermo-activate building system (TABS) (1)
- Thermodynamik (1)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermomechanical loading (1)
- Three Lines of Defense (1)
- Tibial stress (1)
- Tk (1)
- Total hip arthroplasty (1)
- Tourism (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Trade Policy (1)
- Training factors (1)
- Transfer learning (1)
- Trennung (1)
- Triangulation (1)
- Trichoderma reesei (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Trypsin (1)
- UGC (1)
- URLLC (1)
- UV (1)
- Ultrafast magnetic effects (1)
- Umweltbelastung (1)
- Umweltfaktor (1)
- Unternehmensgründung (1)
- Unternehmenskultur (1)
- Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) (1)
- Urethan (1)
- Utility tunnelling (1)
- V2X (1)
- VANET (1)
- Variable refrigerant flow system (1)
- Ventilator (1)
- Veranda (1)
- Verbrennungsmotor (1)
- Verfahren (1)
- Verfahrenstechnik (1)
- Verschluss (1)
- Versicherung (1)
- Versorgungstechnik (1)
- Verstehen (1)
- Verteilnetzbetreiber (1)
- Verzögerung (1)
- Vibrio fischeri (1)
- Vielfalt (1)
- Virtual experience (1)
- Virtual power plants (1)
- Virtualisierung (1)
- Virtuelles Laboratorium (1)
- Virual Reality (1)
- Visual control (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Voltage measurement (1)
- Voltage-controlled model (VCM) (1)
- Vorzeitigkeit (1)
- WTO (1)
- Warburg Element (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wassergehalt (1)
- Wasserstoffspeicherung (1)
- Wave mechanics (1)
- Wave propagation (1)
- Waveguides (1)
- Web Services (1)
- Wellenleiter (1)
- Werkstoff (1)
- Werkstoffkunde (1)
- Whiplash injury (1)
- Widerstand (1)
- Wirbel <Physik> (1)
- Wirbelstromsensor (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Wirkungsprüfung (1)
- Wood (1)
- Wood juice (1)
- World Trade Organization (1)
- Wärmeleitung (1)
- X-in-the-loop (1)
- Yeast estrogen screen assay (1)
- Yield surface (1)
- YouTube (1)
- YouTube categories (1)
- Zero liquid discharge (1)
- Zirkulation (1)
- Zymogen (1)
- active implantable medical devices (1)
- adaptive technology (1)
- adolescent (1)
- advanced collision models (1)
- aerosol modeling (1)
- ageing (1)
- aging (1)
- aging characteristics (1)
- alkaline phosphatase (1)
- analog physical unclonable function system (1)
- ancient Capua leg (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- ankle sprain (1)
- anthropomorphic replacement hand (1)
- anti-fraud strategy (1)
- anticipated (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- aspartic endopeptidase (1)
- assisted living (1)
- assistive robotics (1)
- atrial fibrillation (1)
- audiometry (1)
- auditory model (1)
- auditory training (1)
- authentication (1)
- authorization (1)
- automotive (1)
- batteries (1)
- biocompatible materials (1)
- biodegradable implants (1)
- biomass gasification (1)
- biomechanical screening (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biventricular pacing (1)
- biventricular stimulation (1)
- blend electrodes (1)
- blockchain-based system (1)
- blow-out (1)
- bone replacement (1)
- bone tissue engineering (1)
- building simulation (1)
- calcium phosphate cement (1)
- calciumphosphate cement (1)
- cardiac contractility modulation (1)
- channels (1)
- characterisation matrix (1)
- charge (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chp simulation (1)
- chromatography (1)
- circular economy (1)
- climate emulation (1)
- coating (1)
- cochlear implants (1)
- collagen coating (1)
- component-oriented (1)
- composite materials (1)
- compression (1)
- computer graphics (1)
- computer simulation technology (1)
- consensus + innovations (1)
- constitutive behavior (1)
- construal level theory (1)
- contour lines (1)
- copper oxide (1)
- corruption (1)
- crack location (1)
- craniomaxillofacial surgery (1)
- cryo ablation (1)
- cryoballoon (1)
- cylinder head (1)
- dApp (1)
- dApp popularity (1)
- damage (1)
- debinding (1)
- decentralized applications (1)
- decision tree (1)
- degradation behavior (1)
- device delay mismatch (1)
- digital sports (1)
- digital twin (1)
- diode modeling (1)
- distributed energy resources (1)
- distributed ledger (1)
- doctor blade coating (1)
- economic dispatch (1)
- ecosystem (1)
- edge computing (1)
- effective medium theory (1)
- elastic properties (1)
- elastic–viscoplastic material (1)
- electric battery (1)
- electric machine (1)
- electric power grids (1)
- electrical conductivity (1)
- electrical load profiles (1)
- electricity market (1)
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- electrode fabrication (1)
- electrode-free (1)
- electromagnetic (1)
- elite (1)
- energy harvesting (1)
- energy management system (1)
- energy policy (1)
- energy system modeling (1)
- engine-in-the-loop (1)
- entry barrier (1)
- enzymatic hydrolysis (1)
- enzyme cascade (1)
- equivalent circuit model (1)
- exoskeleton (1)
- experience economy (1)
- external load (1)
- eye tracking (1)
- failure (1)
- fatigue (1)
- finite element analysis (1)
- finite element models (1)
- fitness app (1)
- flash chamber design (1)
- flash evaporation (1)
- food protein (1)
- footwear (1)
- footwear mechanical properties (1)
- footwear satisfaction (1)
- fracture strength (1)
- fraud (1)
- fraud detection (1)
- fraud offences (1)
- functional neuroimaging (1)
- furnace parameterization (1)
- fuzzy logic (1)
- game theory (1)
- gamification (1)
- generic models (1)
- geometry variation (1)
- gossip protocol (1)
- grey-box model (1)
- hand prosthesis (1)
- handball (1)
- hardware-in-the-loop (1)
- heart failure (1)
- heart rhythm simulation (1)
- heat pump (1)
- heat pump simulation (1)
- heat–health warning system (1)
- hermetic sealing (1)
- hot gas extraction (1)
- human robot interaction (HRI) (1)
- human-computer interaction (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid BCI (1)
- hybrid electric vehicle (1)
- hybrid networks (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- image processing (1)
- implant (1)
- indium oxide (1)
- indoor heat stress (1)
- inductive transmission (1)
- industrial load profiles (1)
- industry (1)
- industry sectors (1)
- inertial sensor (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- infrastructure (1)
- injury (1)
- injury prediction (1)
- inositol phosphates (1)
- input modalities (1)
- integer linear programming (1)
- intelligent neuroprosthetics (1)
- interconnection (1)
- intermediate domain (1)
- internal combustion engine (1)
- internal load (1)
- interpretation (1)
- invasive (1)
- inversion (1)
- isocontour lines (1)
- isocontouring (1)
- isocontours (1)
- isosurfaces (1)
- joint loading (1)
- knee loading (1)
- knowledge sharing (1)
- laboratory-based injury risk screening (1)
- laser ultrasound (1)
- lattice Boltzmann method (1)
- left ventricular ECG (1)
- legacy machines (1)
- level set (1)
- lifelong learning (1)
- lithium iron phosphate (LFP) (1)
- lithium plating (1)
- local electricity markets (1)
- local grid refinement (1)
- logistic regeression (1)
- longevity (1)
- low frequency (1)
- low-cost sensors and devices (1)
- low-cycle fatigue (1)
- lower limb (1)
- lower limb prosthesis (1)
- m-learning (1)
- magnetic metasurfaces (1)
- magnetic nanostructures (1)
- magnetization dynamics (1)
- magnetron sputter epitaxy (1)
- maintenance (1)
- manganese dioxide (1)
- manufacturing industries (1)
- mapping (1)
- marching cubes (1)
- marching tetrahedra (1)
- matrix modules (1)
- mechanical testing (1)
- metallic housing (1)
- metrics (1)
- micro-photovoltaic system (1)
- microgrid operation (1)
- mixed reality (1)
- mixing ratio (1)
- mobile application (1)
- mobile applications development (1)
- mobile devices market (1)
- mobile robotics (1)
- mobile web (1)
- model comparison (1)
- model predictive control (1)
- modeling and simulation (1)
- mold (1)
- molybdenum (1)
- monitoring campaigns (1)
- monitoring crack propagation (1)
- multi-scale (1)
- muscle mechanics (1)
- navigation (1)
- near-component testing (1)
- network optimization (1)
- neural ordinary differential equations (1)
- nickel oxide (1)
- nitrogen fertilizer (1)
- non linear time-series analysis (1)
- non-invasive (1)
- open fitting (1)
- open science (1)
- operational energy system analysis (1)
- orbit (1)
- orbital fracture (1)
- organische Verbindung (1)
- osseointegration (1)
- osteosynthesis (1)
- overpotentials (1)
- oxygen demand (1)
- oxygen gas sensor (1)
- pandemic (1)
- partial shading (1)
- patient-specific modeling (1)
- peer-to-peer energy trading (1)
- percolation (1)
- performance measurement process (1)
- performance of ring oscillators (1)
- personalization (1)
- phosphate release (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- photovoltaic wind energy (1)
- physical unclonable function (1)
- physically unclonable function (PUF) (1)
- physics-informed ML (1)
- phytase (1)
- phytate dephosphorylation (1)
- picosecond ultrasonics (1)
- player monitoring (1)
- pn-diode (1)
- poly-L aspartic acid (1)
- polymer binder (1)
- pose estimation (1)
- pouch cell (1)
- power grid stability (1)
- powertrain testing (1)
- precision medicine (1)
- predictive control (1)
- predictive maintenance (1)
- predictive model (1)
- printed electronics (1)
- printing (1)
- process atmosphere (1)
- product inhibition (1)
- programming (1)
- prosthesis (1)
- protective equipment (1)
- protein hydrolysis (1)
- pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (1)
- quality feedback survey and results assessment (1)
- radiofrequency ablation (1)
- random forest (1)
- random resistor networks (1)
- range of motion (1)
- ray tracing (1)
- real-time systems (1)
- real-word data (1)
- recycling (1)
- regional analysis (1)
- reliability (1)
- remaining useful life (1)
- remote, model-based laboratory (1)
- renewable energy (1)
- replica (1)
- residential buildings (1)
- resource efficiency (1)
- review (1)
- risk factor (1)
- risk factors (1)
- robot (1)
- root architecture (1)
- rural distribution grid (1)
- sample‐to‐sample fluctuation (1)
- scalability (1)
- scalability potential (1)
- scalar fields (1)
- screening (1)
- seawater desalination (1)
- second "Iron Hand" (1)
- security (1)
- security keys (1)
- seismic (1)
- self-determination theory (1)
- sensor and actuator networks (1)
- sensory feedback (1)
- sharding algorithm (1)
- shingle solar cells (1)
- shop floor (1)
- short-term solar forecast (1)
- silicone (1)
- simulation (1)
- sinter ceramics (1)
- smartphone (1)
- soccer (1)
- social media analytics (1)
- solar thermal energy (1)
- solvent (1)
- spatial release from maskin (1)
- speech intelligibility model (1)
- spinal cord stimulation (1)
- sprint mechanics (1)
- sprint start (1)
- standard language (1)
- stationary electrical energy storage (1)
- stationary energy storage (1)
- statistical analysis (1)
- statistical methods (1)
- stochastic approach (1)
- storage efficiency (1)
- storage optimization (1)
- strengthening mechanism (1)
- structural and investment funds (1)
- summarization (1)
- superimposed high-cycle mechanical fatigue (1)
- surface acoustic waves (1)
- surface nets (1)
- surgical navigation (1)
- syndrome coding (1)
- syngas (1)
- system-oriented (1)
- tar monitoring (1)
- tessellation (1)
- test bench (1)
- test bench coupling (1)
- thermal comfort (1)
- thermal stress (1)
- thermally activated building systems (1)
- thermo-electro-mechanical modeling (1)
- thermoelectrics (1)
- thermomechanical processes (1)
- thickness change (1)
- thin films (1)
- three-dimensional (1)
- time warping (1)
- titanium (1)
- titanium fibers (1)
- tobacco mosaic virus (1)
- topology (1)
- tracking (1)
- transesophageal ECG (1)
- transesophageal atrial pacing (1)
- transesophageal electrical pacing (1)
- transesophageal neurostimulation (1)
- transfer learning (1)
- transparency (1)
- trend analysis (1)
- trends (1)
- triangulation (1)
- trust management (1)
- trust management system (1)
- trustworthy ai (1)
- tryptamines (1)
- ultrafast magnetoacoustics (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- unanticipated (1)
- unilateral hearing loss (1)
- unique interdisciplinary international higher education approach (1)
- upper limb (1)
- validity (1)
- vibration harvester (1)
- video sharing (1)
- video usage (1)
- virtual lab (1)
- virtual simulations (1)
- viscoplastic material (1)
- visual analytics (1)
- visual control (1)
- visualization (1)
- voltage (1)
- waste heat utilization (1)
- wearable (1)
- wearable sensors (1)
- wearable technology (1)
- whiplash syndrome (1)
- youth soccer (1)
- zeros (1)
- zinc ion batteries (1)
- zweite "Eiserne Hand" (1)
- Übertragung (1)
- Überwachung (1)
Institute
- Fakultät Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik (M+V) (256)
- Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (E+I) (bis 03/2019) (107)
- Fakultät Elektrotechnik, Medizintechnik und Informatik (EMI) (ab 04/2019) (98)
- INES - Institut für nachhaltige Energiesysteme (97)
- Fakultät Wirtschaft (W) (60)
- ivESK - Institut für verlässliche Embedded Systems und Kommunikationselektronik (25)
- IfTI - Institute for Trade and Innovation (13)
- Fakultät Medien und Informationswesen (M+I) (bis 21.04.2021) (12)
- POIM - Peter Osypka Institute of Medical Engineering (12)
- Fakultät Medien (M) (ab 22.04.2021) (11)
Open Access
- Open Access (247)
- Closed Access (182)
- Gold (64)
- Closed (39)
- Hybrid (20)
- Diamond (15)
- Bronze (3)
- Grün (1)
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of approaches to the determination of isocontours and isosurfaces from given data sets. Different algorithms are reported in the literature for this purpose, which originate from various application areas, such as computer graphics or medical imaging procedures. In all these applications, the challenge is to extract surfaces with a specific isovalue from a given characteristic, so called isosurfaces. These different application areas have given rise to solution approaches that all solve the problem of isocontouring in their own way. Based on the literature, the following four dominant methods can be identified: the marching cubes algorithms, the tessellation-based algorithms, the surface nets algorithms and the ray tracing algorithms. With regard to their application, it can be seen that the methods are mainly used in the fields of medical imaging, computer graphics and the visualization of simulation results. In our work, we provide a broad and compact overview of the common methods that are currently used in terms of isocontouring with respect to certain criteria and their individual limitations. In this context, we discuss the individual methods and identify possible future research directions in the field of isocontouring.
Background: Assistive Robotic Arms are designed to assist physically disabled people with daily activities. Existing joysticks and head controls are not applicable for severely disabled people such as people with Locked-in Syndrome. Therefore, eye tracking control is part of ongoing research. The related literature spans many disciplines, creating a heterogeneous field that makes it difficult to gain an overview.
Objectives: This work focuses on ARAs that are controlled by gaze and eye movements. By answering the research questions, this paper provides details on the design of the systems, a comparison of input modalities, methods for measuring the performance of these controls, and an outlook on research areas that gained interest in recent years.
Methods: This review was conducted as outlined in the PRISMA 2020 Statement. After identifying a wide range of approaches in use the authors decided to use the PRISMA-ScR extension for a scoping review to present the results. The identification process was carried out by screening three databases. After the screening process, a snowball search was conducted.
Results: 39 articles and 6 reviews were included in this article. Characteristics related to the system and study design were extracted and presented divided into three groups based on the use of eye tracking.
Conclusion: This paper aims to provide an overview for researchers new to the field by offering insight into eye tracking based robot controllers. We have identified open questions that need to be answered in order to provide people with severe motor function loss with systems that are highly useable and accessible.
Socially assistive robots (SARs) are becoming more prevalent in everyday life, emphasizing the need to make them socially acceptable and aligned with users' expectations. Robots' appearance impacts users' behaviors and attitudes towards them. Therefore, product designers choose visual qualities to give the robot a character and to imply its functionality and personality. In this work, we sought to investigate the effect of cultural differences on Israeli and German designers' perceptions of SARs' roles and appearance in four different contexts: a service robot for an assisted living/retirement residence facility, a medical assistant robot for a hospital environment, a COVID-19 officer robot, and a personal assistant robot for domestic use. The key insight is that although Israeli and German designers share similar perceptions of visual qualities for most of the robotics roles, we found differences in the perception of the COVID-19 officer robot's role and, by that, its most suitable visual design. This work indicates that context and culture play a role in users' perceptions and expectations; therefore, they should be taken into account when designing new SARs for diverse contexts.
This report examines exporters’ challenges and possible solutions for public intervention to promote foreign trade. Based on fieldwork conducted in Georgia, we explore which policy approaches can help to stimulate Georgian exports further. Our outcomes show that exporters face substantial barriers such as navigating complex trade regulations, lack of knowledge about target markets, trade finance gaps, as well as new export promotion programs (EPPs) in competitor countries. Other upper-middle-income countries can learn from our results that exporters can significantly benefit from a comprehensive export promotion strategy combined with an ecosystem-based “team” approach. EPPs related to awareness and capacity building in Georgia should be part of this strategy, focusing on challenges such as a lack of knowledge about trade practices and international business skills. Other EPPs must help to mitigate related market failures, as information gathering is costly, and firms have no incentive to share this information with competitors. Furthermore, targeted marketing support and customer matchmaking can answer Georgian exporters’ challenges, such as lack of market access and low sector visibility. Our results also show that public intervention through financial support and risk mitigation is essential for firms with an international orientation. The high-quality, rich outcomes provide significant value for other upper-middle-income countries by exploring the example of Georgia’s contemporary circumstances in an in-depth manner based on extensive interviews and document analysis. Limitations include that our work primarily relies on qualitative data and further research could involve a quantitative study with a diverse range of sectors.
Batteries typically consist of multiple individual cells connected in series. Here we demonstrate single-cell state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) diagnosis in a 24 V class lithium-ion battery. To this goal, we introduce and apply a novel, highly efficient algorithm based on a voltage-controlled model (VCM). The battery, consisting of eight single cells, is cycled over a duration of five months under a simple cycling protocol between 20 % and 100 % SOC. The cell-to-cell standard deviations obtained with the novel algorithm were 1.25 SOC-% and 1.07 SOH-% at beginning of cycling. A cell-averaged capacity loss of 9.9 % after five months cycling was observed. While the accuracy of single-cell SOC estimation was limited (probably owed to the flat voltage characteristics of the lithium iron phosphate, LFP, chemistry investigated here), single-cell SOH estimation showed a high accuracy (2.09 SOH-% mean absolute error compared to laboratory reference tests). Because the algorithm does not require observers, filters, or neural networks, it is computationally very efficient (three seconds analysis time for the complete data set consisting of eight cells with approx. 780.000 measurement points per cell).
This paper presents a streaming-based E-Learning environment where closer integration between learning and work is achieved by integrating multimedia services into manufacturing processes. It contains a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the proposed E-Learning streaming framework, especially the adaption of streaming services to mobile environments. We first analyze several scenarios where E-Learning streaming services can be integrated into manufacturing processes. To allow systematic and tailor-made integration, we develop a model and a specification language for E-Learning streaming services and apply the model using practical scenarios from real manufacturing processes. Adaption of multimedia streaming services to mobile devices is discussed based on Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). Last, we comment on the benefits of using E-Learning streaming services as part of manufacturing processes and analyze the acceptance of the developed system. The key components of our E-Learning environment are 1) an xml based streaming service specification language, 2) adaption of multimedia E-Learning services to mobile environments, and 3) Web Services for searching, registration, and creation of E-Learning streaming services.
Introduction: Subjects with mild to moderate hearing loss today often receive hearing aids (HA) with open-fitting (OF). In OF, direct sound reaches the eardrums with minimal damping. Due to the required processing delay in digital HA, the amplified HA sound follows some milliseconds later. This process occurs in both ears symmetrically in bilateral HA provision and is likely to have no or minor detrimental effect on binaural hearing. However, the delayed and amplified sound are only present in one ear in cases of unilateral hearing loss provided with one HA. This processing alters interaural timing differences in the resulting ear signals.
Methods: In the present study, an experiment with normal-hearing subjects to investigate speech intelligibility in noise with direct and delayed sound was performed to mimic unilateral and bilateral HA provision with OF.
Results: The outcomes reveal that these delays affect speech reception thresholds (SRT) in the unilateral OF simulation when presenting speech and noise from different spatial directions. A significant decrease in the median SRT from –18.1 to –14.7 dB SNR is observed when typical HA processing delays are applied. On the other hand, SRT was independent of the delay between direct and delayed sound in the bilateral OF simulation.
Discussion: The significant effect emphasizes the development of rapid processing algorithms for unilateral HA provision.
There is an ongoing debate about the use and scope of Clayton M. Christensen´s idea of disruptive innovation, including the question of whether it is a management buzz phrase or a valuable theory. This discussion considers the general question of how innovation in the field of management theories and concepts finds its way to the different target groups. This conceptual paper combines the different concepts of the creation and dissemination of management trends in a basic framework based on a short review of models for the dissemination of management ideas. This framework allows an analysis of the character of new management ideas like disruptive innovation. By measuring the impact of the theory on the academic sphere using a bibliometric statistic of the number of academic publications on Google scholar and Scopus and a meta-analysis of research papers, we show the significant influence of disruptive innovation beyond pure management fads.
We revisit the quantitative analysis of the ultrafast magnetoacoustic experiment in a freestanding nickel thin film by Kim and Bigot [J.-W. Kim and J.-Y. Bigot, Phys. Rev. B 95, 144422 (2017)] by applying our recently proposed approach of magnetic and acoustic eigenmode decomposition. We show that the application of our modeling to the analysis of time-resolved reflectivity measurements allows for the determination of amplitudes and lifetimes of standing perpendicular acoustic phonon resonances with unprecedented accuracy. The acoustic damping is found to scale as ∝ω2 for frequencies up to 80 GHz, and the peak amplitudes reach 10−3. The experimentally measured magnetization dynamics for different orientations of an external magnetic field agrees well with numerical solutions of magnetoelastically driven magnon harmonic oscillators. Symmetry-based selection rules for magnon-phonon interactions predicted by our modeling approach allow for the unambiguous discrimination between spatially uniform and nonuniform modes, as confirmed by comparing the resonantly enhanced magnetoelastic dynamics simultaneously measured on opposite sides of the film. Moreover, the separation of timescales for (early) rising and (late) decreasing precession amplitudes provide access to magnetic (Gilbert) and acoustic damping parameters in a single measurement.
The technique of laser ultrasonics perfectly meets the need for noncontact, noninvasive, nondestructive mechanical probing of nanometer- to millimeter-size samples. However, this technique is limited to the excitation of low-amplitude strains, below the threshold for optical damage of the sample. In the context of strain engineering of materials, alternative optical techniques enabling the excitation of high-amplitude strains in a nondestructive optical regime are needed. We introduce here a nondestructive method for laser-shock wave generation based on additive superposition of multiple laser-excited strain waves. This technique enables strain generation up to mechanical failure of a sample at pump laser fluences below optical ablation or melting thresholds. We demonstrate the ability to generate nonlinear surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in Nb-SrTiO3 substrates, with associated strains in the percent range and pressures up to 3 GPa at 1 kHz repetition rate and close to 10 GPa for several hundred shocks. This study paves the way for the investigation of a host of high-strain SAW-induced phenomena, including phase transitions in conventional and quantum materials, plasticity and a myriad of material failure modes, chemistry and other effects in bulk samples, thin layers, and two-dimensional materials.
The utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) is progressively emerging as a significant mechanism for innovation in human resource management (HRM). The capacity to facilitate the transformation of employee performance across numerous responsibilities. AI development, there remains a dearth of comprehensive exploration into the potential opportunities it presents for enhancing workplace performance among employees. To bridge this gap in knowledge, the present work carried out a survey with 300 participants, utilises a fuzzy set-theoretic method that is grounded on the conceptualisation of AI, KS, and HRM. The findings of our study indicate that the exclusive adoption of AI technologies does not adequately enhance HRM engagements. In contrast, the integration of AI and KS offers a more viable HRM approach for achieving optimal performance in a dynamic digital society. This approach has the potential to enhance employees’ proficiency in executing their responsibilities and cultivate a culture of creativity inside the firm.
Purpose
Although start-ups have gained increasing scholarly attention, we lack sufficient understanding of their entrepreneurial strategic posture (ESP) in emerging economies. The purpose of this study is to examine the processes of ESP of new technology venture start-ups (NTVs) in an emerging market context.
Design/methodology/approach
In line with grounded theory guidelines and the inductive research traditions, the authors adopted a qualitative approach involving 42 in-depth semi-structured interviews with Ghanaian NTV entrepreneurs to gain a comprehensive analysis at the micro-level on the entrepreneurs' strategic posturing. A systematic procedure for data analysis was adopted.
Findings
From the authors' analysis of Ghanaian NTVs, the authors derived a three-stage model to elucidate the nature and process of ESP Phase 1 spotting and exploiting market opportunities, Phase II identifying initial advantages and Phase III ascertaining and responding to change.
Originality/value
The study contributes to advancing research on ESP by explicating the process through which informal ties and networks are utilised by NTVs and NTVs' founders to overcome extreme resource constraints and information vacuums in contexts of institutional voids. The authors depart from past studies in demonstrating how such ties can be harnessed in spotting and exploiting market opportunities by NTVs. On this basis, the paper makes original contributions to ESP theory and practice.
Purpose
Although recent literature has examined diverse measures adopted by SMEs to navigate the COVID-19 turbulence, there is a shortage of evidence on how crisis-time strategy creation behaviour and digitalization activities increase (1) sales and (2) cash flow. Thus, predicated on a novel strategy creation perspective, this inquiry aims to investigate the crisis behaviour, sales and cash flow performance of 528 SMEs in Morocco.
Design/methodology/approach
Novel links between (1) aggregate wage cuts, (2) variable operating hours, (3) deferred payment to suppliers, (4) deferred payment to tax authorities and (5) sales performance are developed and tested. A further link between sales performance and cash flow is also examined and the analysis is conducted using a non-linear structural equation modelling technique.
Findings
While there is a significant association between strategy creation behaviours and sales performance, only variable operating hours have a positive effect. Also, sales performance increases cash flow and this relationship is substantially strengthened by e-commerce digitalization and innovation.
Originality/value
Theoretically, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first inquiries to espouse the strategy creation view to explain SMEs' crisis-time behaviour and digitalization. For practical purposes, to supplement Moroccan SMEs' propensity to seek tax deferrals, it is argued that debt and equity support measures are also needed to boost sales performance and cash flow.
Recently, photovoltaic (PV) with energy storage systems (ESS) have been widely adopted in buildings to overcome growing power demands and earn financial benefits. The overall energy cost can be optimized by combining a well-sized hybrid PV/ESS system with an efficient energy management system (EMS). Generally, EMS is implemented within the overall functions of the Building Automation System (BAS). However, due to its limited computing resources, BAS cannot handle complex algorithms that aim to optimize energy use in real-time under different operating conditions. Furthermore, islanding the building's local network to maximize the PV energy share represents a challenging task due to the potential technical risks. In this context, this article addresses an improved approach based on upgrading the BAS data analytics capability by means of an edge computing technology. The edge communicates with the BAS low-level controller using a serial communication protocol. Taking advantage of the high computing ability of the edge device, an optimization-based EMS of the PV/ESS hybrid system is implemented. Different testing scenarios have been carried out on a real prototype with different weather conditions, and the results show the implementation feasibility and technical performance of such advanced EMS for the management of building energy resources. It has also been proven to be feasible and advantageous to operate the local energy network in island mode while ensuring system safety. Additionally, an estimated energy saving improvement of 6.23 % has been achieved using optimization-based EMS compared to the classical rule-based EMS, with better ESS constraints fulfillment.
Analysing and predicting the advance rate of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in hard rock is integral to tunnelling project planning and execution. It has been applied in the industry for several decades with varying success. Most prediction models are based on or designed for large-diameter TBMs, and much research has been conducted on related tunnelling projects. However, only a few models incorporate information from projects with an outer diameter smaller than 5 m and no penetration prediction model for pipe jacking machines exists to date. In contrast to large TBMs, small-diameter TBMs and their projects have been considered little in research. In general, they are characterised by distinctive features, including insufficient geotechnical information, sometimes rather short drive lengths, special machine designs and partially concurring lining methods like pipe jacking and segment lining. A database which covers most of the parameters mentioned above has been compiled to investigate the performance of small-diameter TBMs in hard rock. In order to provide sufficient geological and technical variance, this database contains 37 projects with 70 geotechnically homogeneous areas. Besides the technical parameters, important geotechnical data like lithological information, unconfined compressive strength, tensile strength and point load index is included and evaluated. The analysis shows that segment lining TBMs have considerably higher penetration rates in similar geological and technical settings mostly due to their design parameters. Different methodologies for predicting TBM penetration, including state-of-the-art models from the literature as well as newly derived regression and machine learning models, are discussed and deployed for backward modelling of the projects contained in the database. New ranges of application for small-diameter tunnelling in several industry-standard penetration models are presented, and new approaches for the penetration prediction of pipe jacking machines in hard rock are proposed.
For the treatment of bone defects, biodegradable, compressive biomaterials are needed as replacements that degrade as the bone regenerates. The problem with existing materials has either been their insufficient mechanical strength or the excessive differences in their elastic modulus, leading to stress shielding and eventual failure. In this study, the compressive strength of CPC ceramics (with a layer thickness of more than 12 layers) was compared with sintered β-TCP ceramics. It was assumed that as the number of layers increased, the mechanical strength of 3D-printed scaffolds would increase toward the value of sintered ceramics. In addition, the influence of the needle inner diameter on the mechanical strength was investigated. Circular scaffolds with 20, 25, 30, and 45 layers were 3D printed using a 3D bioplotter, solidified in a water-saturated atmosphere for 3 days, and then tested for compressive strength together with a β-TCP sintered ceramic using a Zwick universal testing machine. The 3D-printed scaffolds had a compressive strength of 41.56 ± 7.12 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of the sintered ceramic (24.16 ± 4.44 MPa). The 3D-printed scaffolds with round geometry reached or exceeded the upper limit of the compressive strength of cancellous bone toward substantia compacta. In addition, CPC scaffolds exhibited more bone-like compressibility than the comparable β-TCP sintered ceramic, demonstrating that the mechanical properties of CPC scaffolds are more similar to bone than sintered β-TCP ceramics.
In this study, circular economy (CE) relevance in Germany will be discussed based on LinkedIn readily available data. LinkedIn company profiles located in Germany with ‘circular economy’ in their description or any other field were selected and used as a data source to analyze their CE relation. Overall, 514 German companies were analyzed in reference to the 15 German regions they belong. Most companies are located in the federal state of Berlin (126), followed by North Rhine-Westphalia (96) and Bavaria (77). In terms of the industry sector, they are self-classified to environmental services (64), management consulting (50), renewables & environment (33), research (31), and computer software (18) etc. Regarding their employees with LinkedIn profiles, 22,621 people are affiliated with these companies, ranging from one to 7,877. All examined companies have a total of 819,632 followers on LinkedIn, ranging from none to 88,167. An increase in CE-related companies was recorded in 13 of the 16 federal states of Germany over a one-year period. This work provides essential insights into the increasing relevance and trends of the circular economy in German enterprises and will help conduct further national studies with readily available data from LinkedIn.
Human interaction frequently includes decision-making processes during which interactants call on verbal and non-verbal resources to manage the flow of interaction. In 2017, Stevanovic et al. carried out pioneering work, analyzing the unfolding of moment-by-moment dynamics by investigating the behavioral matching during search and decision-making phases. By studying the similarities in the participant's body sway during a conversation task in Finnish, the authors showed higher behavioral matching during decision phases than during search phases. The purpose of this research was to investigate the whole-body sway and its coordination during joint search and decision-making phases as a replication of the study by Stevanovic et al. (2017) but based on a German population. Overall, 12 dyads participated in this study and were asked to decide on 8 adjectives, starting with a pre-defined letter, to describe a fictional character. During this joint-decision task (duration: 206.46 ± 116.08 s), body sway of both interactants was measured using a 3D motion capture system and center of mass (COM) accelerations were computed. Matching of body sway was calculated using a windowed cross correlation (WCC) of the COM accelerations. A total of 101 search and 101 decision phases were identified for the 12 dyads. Significant higher COM accelerations (5.4*10−3 vs. 3.7*10−3 mm/s2, p < 0.001) and WCC coefficients (0.47 vs. 0.45, p = 0.043) were found during decision-making phases than during search phases. The results suggest that body sway is one of the resources humans use to communicate the arrival at a joint decision. These findings contribute to a better understanding of interpersonal coordination from a human movement science perspective.
Femtosecond (fs) time-resolved magneto-optics is applied to investigate laser-excited ultrafast dynamics of one-dimensional nickel gratings on fused silica and silicon substrates for a wide range of periodicities Λ = 400–1500 nm. Multiple surface acoustic modes with frequencies up to a few tens of GHz are generated. Nanoscale acoustic wavelengths Λ/n have been identified as nth-spatial harmonics of Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (SAW) and surface skimming longitudinal wave (SSLW), with acoustic frequencies and lifetimes being in agreement with theoretical calculations. Resonant magnetoelastic excitation of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) by SAW’s third spatial harmonic, and, most interestingly fingerprints of the parametric resonance at 1/2 SAW frequency have been observed. Numerical solutions of Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation magnetoelastically driven by complex polychromatic acoustic fields quantitatively reproduce all resonances at once. Thus, our results provide a solid experimental and theoretical base for a quantitative understanding of ultrafast fs-laser-driven magnetoacoustics and tailoring the magnetic-grating-based metasurfaces at the nanoscale.
Background/Purpose
Several methods are used to evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA), however, their relationship at different time points after surgery is unclear. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate correlations between self-report function, performance-based tests (PBTs) and biomechanical parameters in patients 12 months after THA.
Methods
Eleven patients were included in this preliminary cross-sectional study. Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) was completed for self-reported function. As PBTs, the Timed-up-and-Go test (TUG) and 30-Second-Chair-Stand test (30CST) were used. Biomechanical parameters were derived from analyses of hip strength, gait and balance. Potential correlations were calculated using Spearman correlation coefficient r.
Results
HOOS scores and parameters of PBTs showed moderate to strong correlations (0.3 < r < 0.7). Correlation analysis between HOOS scores and biomechanical parameters revealed moderate to strong correlations for hip strength whereas correlations with gait parameters and balance were rather weak (r < 0.3). Moderate to strong correlations were also found between parameters of hip strength and 30CST.
Conclusion
For THA outcome assessment 12 months after surgery, our first results indicate that self-report measures or PBTs could be used. Analysis of hip strength also appears to be reflected in HOOS and PBT parameters and may be considered as an adjunct. Given the weak correlations with gait and balance parameters, we suggest that gait analysis and balance testing should be performed in addition to PROMs and PBTs as they may provide supplementary information, especially for THA patients that are at risk for falls.
Precisely synchronized communication is a major precondition for many industrial applications. At the same time, hardware cost and power consumption need to be kept as low as possible in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. While many wired solutions on the market achieve these requirements, wireless alternatives are an interesting field for research and development. This article presents a novel IEEE802.11n/ac wireless solution, exhibiting several advantages over state-of-the-art competitors. It is based on a market-available wireless System on a Chip with modified low-level communication firmware combined with a low-cost field-programmable gate array. By achieving submicrosecond synchronization accuracy, our solution outperforms the precision of low-cost products by almost four orders of magnitude. Based on inexpensive hardware, the presented wireless module is up to 20 times cheaper than software-defined-radio solutions with comparable timing accuracy. Moreover, it consumes three to five times less power. To back up our claims, we report data that we collected with a high sampling rate (2000 samples per second) during an extended measurement campaign of more than 120 h, which makes our experimental results far more representative than others reported in the literature. Additional support is provided by the size of the testbed we used during the experiments, composed of a hybrid network with nine nodes divided into two independent wireless segments connected by a wired backbone. In conclusion, we believe that our novel Industrial IoT module architecture will have a significant impact on the future technological development of high-precision time-synchronized communication for the cost-sensitive industrial IoT market.
Blockchain interoperability: the state of heterogenous blockchain-to-blockchain communication
(2023)
Blockchain technology has been increasingly adopted over the past few years since the introduction of Bitcoin, with several blockchain architectures and solutions being proposed. Most proposed solutions have been developed in isolation, without a standard protocol or cryptographic structure to work with. This has led to the problem of interoperability, where solutions running on different blockchain platforms are unable to communicate, limiting the scope of use. With blockchains being adopted in a variety of fields such as the Internet of Things, it is expected that the problem of interoperability if not addressed quickly, will stifle technology advancement. This paper presents the current state of interoperability solutions proposed for heterogenous blockchain systems. A look is taken at interoperability solutions, not only for cryptocurrencies, but also for general data-based use cases. Current open issues in heterogenous blockchain interoperability are presented. Additionally, some possible research directions are presented to enhance and to extend the existing blockchain interoperability solutions. It was discovered that though there are a number of proposed solutions in literature, few have seen real-world implementation. The lack of blockchain-specific standards has slowed the progress of interoperability. It was also realized that most of the proposed solutions are developed targeting cryptocurrency-based applications.
This paper presents an overview of EREMI, a two-year project funded under ERASMUS+ KA203, and its results. The project team’s main objective was to develop and validate an advanced interdisciplinary higher education curriculum, which includes lifelong learning components. The curriculum focuses on enhancing resource efficiency in the manufacturing industry and optimising poorly or non-digitised industrial physical infrastructure systems. The paper also discusses the results of the project, highlighting the successful achievement of its goals. EREMI effectively supports the transition to Industry 5.0 by preparing a common European pool of future experts. Through comprehensive research and collaboration, the project team has designed a curriculum that equips students with the necessary skills and knowledge to thrive in the evolving manufacturing landscape. Furthermore, the paper explores the significance of EREMI’s contributions to the field, emphasising the importance of resource efficiency and system optimisation in industrial settings. By addressing the challenges posed by under-digitised infrastructure, the project aims to drive sustainable and innovative practices in manufacturing. All five project partner organisations have been actively engaged in offering relevant educational content and framework for decentralised sustainable economic development in regional and national contexts through capacity building at a local level. A crucial element of the added value is the new channel for obtaining feedback from students. The survey results, which are outlined in the paper, offer valuable insights gathered from students, contributing to the continuous improvement of the project.
Optimization of energetic refurbishment roadmaps for multi-family buildings utilizing heat pumps
(2023)
A novel methodology for calculating optimized refurbishment roadmaps is developed in this paper. The aim of the roadmaps is to determine when and how should which component of the building envelope and heat generation system be refurbished to achieve the lowest net present value. The integrated optimization approach couples a particle swarm optimization algorithm with a dynamic building simulation of the building envelope and the heat supply system. Due to a free selection of implementation times and refurbishment depth, the optimization method achieves the lowest net present value and high CO2 reduction and is therefore an important contribution to achieve climate neutrality in the building stock.
The method is exemplarily applied to a multi-family house built in 1970. In comparison to a standard refurbishment roadmap, cost savings of 6–16 % and CO2 savings of 6–59 % are possible. The sensitivity of the refurbishment roadmap measures is analyzed on the basis of a parametric analysis. Robust optimization results are obtained with a mean refurbishment level of approx. 50 kWh/m2/a of the building envelope. The preferred heat generation system is a bivalent brine-heat pump system with a share of 70 % of the heat load being covered by the electric heat pump.
Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonizing the heat supply of buildings. However, in this article, implementing heat pumps in existing buildings, a significant challenge is still presented due to high temperature requirements. In this article, a systematic analysis of the effects of heat source temperatures, maximum heat pump condenser temperatures, and system temperatures on the seasonal performance of heat pump (HP) systems is presented. The quantitative performance analysis encompasses over 50 heat pumps installed in residential buildings, revealing correlations between the building characteristics, observed temperatures, and heat pump type. The performance of an HP system retrofitted to a 30-dwelling multifamily building is presented in more detail. The bivalent HP system combines air and ground as heat sources and achieves a seasonal performance factor of 3.25 with a share of the gas boiler of 27% in its first year of operation. In these findings, the technical feasibility of retrofitting heat pumps is demonstrated in existing buildings and insights are provided into overcoming the challenges associated with high temperature requirements.
Lithium-ion batteries exhibit slow voltage dynamics on the minute time scale that are usually associated with transport processes. We present a novel modelling approach toward these dynamics by combining physical and data-driven models into a Grey-box model. We use neural networks, in particular neural ordinary differential equations. The physical structure of the Grey-box model is borrowed from the Fickian diffusion law, where the transport domain is discretized using finite volumes. Within this physical structure, unknown parameters (diffusion coefficient, diffusion length, discretization) and dependencies (state of charge, lithium concentration) are replaced by neural networks and learnable parameters. We perform model-to-model comparisons, using as training data (a) a Fickian diffusion process, (b) a Warburg element, and (c) a resistor-capacitor circuit. Voltage dynamics during constant-current operation and pulse tests as well as electrochemical impedance spectra are simulated. The slow dynamics of all three physical models in the order of ten to 30 min are well captured by the Grey-box model, demonstrating the flexibility of the present approach.
A novel peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase (Tc-LysN) from Tramates coccinea was recombinantly expressed in Komagataella phaffii using the native pro-protein sequence. The peptidase was secreted into the culture broth as zymogen (~38 kDa) and mature enzyme (~19.8 kDa) simultaneously. The mature Tc-LysN was purified to homogeneity with a single step anion-exchange chromatography at pH 7.2. N-terminal sequencing using TMTpro Zero and mass spectrometry of the mature Tc-LysN indicated that the pro-peptide was cleaved between the amino acid positions 184 and 185 at the Kex2 cleavage site present in the native pro-protein sequence. The pH optimum of Tc-LysN was determined to be 5.0 while it maintained ≥60% activity between pH values 4.5—7.5 and ≥30% activity between pH values 8.5—10.0, indicating its broad applicability. The temperature maximum of Tc-LysN was determined to be 60 °C. After 18 h of incubation at 80 °C, Tc-LysN still retained ~20% activity. Organic solvents such as methanol and acetonitrile, at concentrations as high as 40% (v/v), were found to enhance Tc-LysN’s activity up to ~100% and ~50%, respectively. Tc-LysN’s thermostability, ability to withstand up to 8 M urea, tolerance to high concentrations of organic solvents, and an acidic pH optimum make it a viable candidate to be employed in proteomics workflows in which alkaline conditions might pose a challenge. The nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed bovine serum albumin (BSA)’s sequence coverage of 84% using Tc-LysN which was comparable to the sequence coverage of 90% by trypsin peptides.
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are increasingly generating attention in the field of hardware-based security for the Internet of Things (IoT). A PUF, as its name implies, is a physical element with a special and unique inherent characteristic and can act as the security anchor for authentication and cryptographic applications. Keeping in mind that the PUF outputs are prone to change in the presence of noise and environmental variations, it is critical to derive reliable keys from the PUF and to use the maximum entropy at the same time. In this work, the PUF output positioning (POP) method is proposed, which is a novel method for grouping the PUF outputs in order to maximize the extracted entropy. To achieve this, an offset data is introduced as helper data, which is used to relax the constraints considered for the grouping of PUF outputs, and deriving more entropy, while reducing the secret key error bits. To implement the method, the key enrollment and key generation algorithms are presented. Based on a theoretical analysis of the achieved entropy, it is proven that POP can maximize the achieved entropy, while respecting the constraints induced to guarantee the reliability of the secret key. Moreover, a detailed security analysis is presented, which shows the resilience of the method against cyber-security attacks. The findings of this work are evaluated by applying the method on a hybrid printed PUF, where it can be practically shown that the proposed method outperforms other existing group-based PUF key generation methods.
This article presents the development, parameterization, and experimental validation of a pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) multiphysics aging model of a 500 mAh high-energy lithium-ion pouch cell with graphite negative electrode and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) positive electrode. This model includes electrochemical reactions for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation at the graphite negative electrode, lithium plating, and SEI formation on plated lithium. The thermodynamics of the aging reactions are modeled depending on temperature and ion concentration and the reactions kinetics are described with an Arrhenius-type rate law. Good agreement of model predictions with galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is observed over a wide range of operating conditions. The model allows to quantify capacity loss due to cycling near beginning-of-life as function of operating conditions and the visualization of aging colormaps as function of both temperature and C-rate (0.05 to 2 C charge and discharge, −20 °C to 60 °C). The model predictions are also qualitatively verified through voltage relaxation, cell expansion and cell cycling measurements. Based on this full model, six different aging indicators for determination of the limits of fast charging are derived from post-processing simulations of a reduced, pseudo-two-dimensional isothermal model without aging mechanisms. The most successful aging indicator, compared to results from the full model, is based on combined lithium plating and SEI kinetics calculated from battery states available in the reduced model. This methodology is applicable to standard pseudo-two-dimensional models available today both commercially and as open source.
Design and Implementation of a Camera-Based Tracking System for MAV Using Deep Learning Algorithms
(2023)
In recent years, the advancement of micro-aerial vehicles has been rapid, leading to their widespread utilization across various domains due to their adaptability and efficiency. This research paper focuses on the development of a camera-based tracking system specifically designed for low-cost drones. The primary objective of this study is to build up a system capable of detecting objects and locating them on a map in real time. Detection and positioning are achieved solely through the utilization of the drone’s camera and sensors. To accomplish this goal, several deep learning algorithms are assessed and adopted because of their suitability with the system. Object detection is based upon a single-shot detector architecture chosen for maximum computation speed, and the tracking is based upon the combination of deep neural-network-based features combined with an efficient sorting strategy. Subsequently, the developed system is evaluated using diverse metrics to determine its performance for detection and tracking. To further validate the approach, the system is employed in the real world to show its possible deployment. For this, two distinct scenarios were chosen to adjust the algorithms and system setup: a search and rescue scenario with user interaction and precise geolocalization of missing objects, and a livestock control scenario, showing the capability of surveying individual members and keeping track of number and area. The results demonstrate that the system is capable of operating in real time, and the evaluation verifies that the implemented system enables precise and reliable determination of detected object positions. The ablation studies prove that object identification through small variations in phenotypes is feasible with our approach.
Phytases are widely used food and feed enzymes to improve phosphate availability and reduce anti-nutritional factors. Despite the benefits, enzyme usage is restricted by the harsh conditions in a gastrointestinal tract (pH 2–6) and feed pelleting conditions at high temperatures (60–90 °C). The commercially available phytase Quantum® Blue has been immobilized as CLEAs using glutardialdehyde and soy protein resulting in a residual activity of 33%. The influence of the precipitating agent, precipitant concentration, cross-linker concentration and cross-linking time, sodium borohydride as well as the proteic feeders gluten, soy protein and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been optimized. The best conditions were 90% (v/v) ethyl lactate as precipitating reagent, 100 mM glutardialdehyde and a soy protein concentration of 227 mg/L with a cross-linking time of 1 h. The intrinsically stable phytase remained its high thermal stability and temperature optimum. The phytase-CLEA achieved a 425% increase of residual activity under harsh acidic conditions between pH 2.2 and 3.5 compared to the free enzyme. The free and immobilized phytase were deployed in an in vitro assay simulating the acidic conditions in the gizzard of poultry at pH 2. The hydrolysis of phytate was monitored using a novel high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis and DAD scanner to study the InsPx fingerprint. All lower inositol phosphate pools (InsP1–InsP6) and free phosphate were separated and analyzed. The phytase-CLEA efficiently released 80% of the total phosphate within 180 min, whereas the free enzyme only released 6% in the same time under the same conditions.
In this work the nonlinear behavior of layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators is studied with the help of finite element (FE) computations. The full calculations depend strongly on the availability of accurate tensor data. While there are accurate material data for linear computations, the complete sets of higher-order material constants, needed for nonlinear simulations, are still not available for relevant materials. To overcome this problem, scaling factors were used for each available nonlinear tensor. The approach here considers piezoelectricity, dielectricity, electrostriction, and elasticity constants up to the fourth order. These factors act as a phenomenological estimate for incomplete tensor data. Since no set of fourth-order material constants for LiTaO3 is available, an isotropic approximation for the fourth-order elastic constants was applied. As a result, it was found that the fourth-order elastic tensor is dominated by one-fourth order Lamé constant. With the help of the FE model, derived in two different, but equivalent ways, we investigate the nonlinear behavior of a SAW resonator with a layered material stack. The focus was set to third-order nonlinearity. Accordingly, the modeling approach is validated using measurements of third-order effects in test resonators. In addition, the acoustic field distribution is analyzed.
In the framework of electro-elasticity theory and the finite element method (FEM), a model is set up for the computation of quantities in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices accounting for nonlinear effects. These include second-order and third-order intermodulations, second and third harmonic generation and the influence of electro-acoustic nonlinearity on the frequency characteristics of SAW resonators. The model is based on perturbation theory, and requires input material constants, e.g., the elastic moduli up to fourth order for all materials involved. The model is two-dimensional, corresponding to an infinite aperture, but all three Cartesian components of the displacement and electrical fields are accounted for. The first version of the model pertains to an infinite periodic arrangement of electrodes. It is subsequently generalized to systems with a finite number of electrodes. For the latter version, a recursive algorithm is presented which is related to the cascading scheme of Plessky and Koskela and strongly reduces computation time and memory requirements. The model is applied to TC-SAW systems with copper electrodes buried in an oxide film on a LiNbO3 substrate. Results of computations are presented for the electrical current due to third-order intermodulations and the displacement field associated with the second harmonic and second-order intermodulations, generated by monochromatic input tones. The scope of this review is limited to methodological aspects with the goal to enable calculations of nonlinear quantities in SAW devices on inexpensive and easily accessible computing platforms.
An in-depth study of U-net for seismic data conditioning: Multiple removal by moveout discrimination
(2024)
Seismic processing often involves suppressing multiples that are an inherent component of collected seismic data. Elaborate multiple prediction and subtraction schemes such as surface-related multiple removal have become standard in industry workflows. In cases of limited spatial sampling, low signal-to-noise ratio, or conservative subtraction of the predicted multiples, the processed data frequently suffer from residual multiples. To tackle these artifacts in the postmigration domain, practitioners often rely on Radon transform-based algorithms. However, such traditional approaches are both time-consuming and parameter dependent, making them relatively complex. In this work, we present a deep learning-based alternative that provides competitive results, while reducing the complexity of its usage, and, hence simplifying its applicability. Our proposed model demonstrates excellent performance when applied to complex field data, despite it being exclusively trained on synthetic data. Furthermore, extensive experiments show that our method can preserve the inherent characteristics of the data, avoiding undesired oversmoothed results, while removing the multiples from seismic offset or angle gathers. Finally, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the model, where we pinpoint the effects of the main hyperparameters on real data inference, and we probabilistically assess its performance from a Bayesian perspective. In this study, we put particular emphasis on helping the user reveal the inner workings of the neural network and attempt to unbox the model.
Seismic data processing involves techniques to deal with undesired effects that occur during acquisition and pre-processing. These effects mainly comprise coherent artefacts such as multiples, non-coherent signals such as electrical noise, and loss of signal information at the receivers that leads to incomplete traces. In the past years, there has been a remarkable increase of machine-learning-based solutions that have addressed the aforementioned issues. In particular, deep-learning practitioners have usually relied on heavily fine-tuned, customized discriminative algorithms. Although, these methods can provide solid results, they seem to lack semantic understanding of the provided data. Motivated by this limitation, in this work, we employ a generative solution, as it can explicitly model complex data distributions and hence, yield to a better decision-making process. In particular, we introduce diffusion models for three seismic applications: demultiple, denoising and interpolation. To that end, we run experiments on synthetic and on real data, and we compare the diffusion performance with standardized algorithms. We believe that our pioneer study not only demonstrates the capability of diffusion models, but also opens the door to future research to integrate generative models in seismic workflows.
Neural networks tend to overfit the training distribution and perform poorly on out-ofdistribution data. A conceptually simple solution lies in adversarial training, which introduces worst-case perturbations into the training data and thus improves model generalization to some extent. However, it is only one ingredient towards generally more robust models and requires knowledge about the potential attacks or inference time data corruptions during model training. This paper focuses on the native robustness of models that can learn robust behavior directly from conventional training data without out-of-distribution examples. To this end, we study the frequencies in learned convolution filters. Clean-trained models often prioritize high-frequency information, whereas adversarial training enforces models to shift the focus to low-frequency details during training. By mimicking this behavior through frequency regularization in learned convolution weights, we achieve improved native robustness to adversarial attacks, common corruptions, and other out-of-distribution tests. Additionally, this method leads to more favorable shifts in decision-making towards low-frequency information, such as shapes, which inherently aligns more closely with human vision.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate a systematic approach to the production and use of additively manufactured injection mould inserts in product development (PD) processes. For this purpose, an evaluation of the additive tooling design method (ATDM) is performed.
Design/methodology/approach
The evaluation of the ATDM is conducted within student workshops, where students develop products and validate them using AT-prototypes. The evaluation process includes the analysis of work results as well as the use of questionnaires and participant observation.
Findings
This study shows that the ATDM can be successfully used to assist in producing and using AT mould inserts to produce valid AT prototypes. As a reference for the implementation of AT in industrial PD, extracts from the work of the student project groups and suitable process parameters for prototype production are presented.
Originality/value
This paper presents the application and evaluation of a method to support AT in PD that has not yet been scientifically evaluated.
Predictive control has great potential in the home energy management domain. However, such controls need reliable predictions of the system dynamics as well as energy consumption and generation, and the actual implementation in the real system is associated with many challenges. This paper presents the implementation of predictive controls for a heat pump with thermal storage in a real single-family house with a photovoltaic rooftop system. The predictive controls make use of a novel cloud camera-based short-term solar energy prediction and an intraday prediction system that includes additional data sources. In addition, machine learning methods were used to model the dynamics of the heating system and predict loads using extensive measured data. The results of the real and simulated operation will be presented.
Novel approaches for the design of assistive technology controls propose the usage of eye tracking devices such as for smart wheelchairs and robotic arms. The advantages of artificial feedback, especially vibrotactile feedback, as opposed to their use in prostheses, have not been sufficiently explored. Vibrotactile feedback reduces the cognitive load on the visual and auditory channel. It provides tactile sensation, resulting in better use of assistive technologies. In this study the impact of vibration on the precision and accuracy of a head-worn eye tracking device is investigated. The presented system is suitable for further research in the field of artificial feedback. Vibration was perceivable for all participants, yet it does not produce any significant deviations in precision and accuracy.
Purpose
To (1) identify neuromuscular and biomechanical injury risk factors in elite youth soccer players and (2) assess the predictive ability of a machine learning approach.
Material and Methods
Fifty-six elite male youth soccer players (age: 17.2 ± 1.1 years; height: 179 ± 8 cm; mass: 70.4 ± 9.2 kg) performed a 3D motion analysis, postural control testing, and strength testing. Non-contact lower extremities injuries were documented throughout 10 months. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to identify the most important injury predictors. Predictive performance of the LASSO model was determined in a leave-one-out (LOO) prediction competition.
Results
Twenty-three non-contact injuries were registered. The LASSO model identified concentric knee extensor peak torque, hip transversal plane moment in the single-leg drop landing task and center of pressure sway in the single-leg stance test as the three most important predictors for injury in that order. The LASSO model was able to predict injury outcomes with a likelihood of 58% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.63 (sensitivity = 35%; specificity = 79%).
Conclusion
The three most important variables for predicting the injury outcome suggest the importance of neuromuscular and biomechanical performance measures in elite youth soccer. These preliminary results may have practical implications for future directions in injury risk screening and planning, as well as for the development of customized training programs to counteract intrinsic injury risk factors. However, the poor predictive performance of the final model confirms the challenge of predicting sports injuries, and the model must therefore be evaluated in larger samples.
Background
Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress injury. Runners encounter varied surface steepness (gradients) when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the gradient. This study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different gradients.
Methods
Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, and 3.5 m/s) and gradients (level: 0%; uphill: +5%, +10%, and +15%; downhill: –5%, –10%, and –15%). Force and marker data were collected synchronously throughout. Bending moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial–lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1% of stance. Stress was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ellipse. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical analyses.
Results
There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior stress. Higher running speeds resulted in greater tibial loading. Running uphill at +10% and +15% resulted in greater tibial loading than level running. Running downhill at –10% and –15% resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level running. There was no difference between +5% or –5% and level running.
Conclusion
Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients ≥+10% increased internal tibial loading, whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients ≥–10% reduced internal loading. Adapting running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism, providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.
Photovoltaic-heat pump (PV-HP) combinations with battery and energy management systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to increase the autarchy and utilization of self-generated PV electricity. This trend is driven by the ongoing electrification of the heating sector and the growing disparity between growing electricity costs and reducing feed-in tariffs in Germany. Smart control strategies can be employed to control and optimize the heat pump operation to achieve higher self-consumption of PV electricity. This work presents the evaluation results of a smart-grid ready controlled PV-HP-battery system in a single-family household in Germany, using 1-minute-high-resolution field measurement data. Within 12 months evaluation period, a self-consumption of 43% was determined. The solar fraction of the HP amounts to 36%, enabled also due to higher set temperatures for space heating and domestic hot water production. Accordingly, the SPF decreases by 4.0% the space heating and by 5.7% in the domestic hot water mode. The combined seasonal performance factor for the heat pump system increases from 4.2 to 6.7, when only considering the electricity taken from the grid and disregarding the locally generated electricity supplied from photovoltaic and battery units.
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) technology has been drawing attention recently. Electrification of the heating sector with heat pumps run by carbon-free electricity sources like photovoltaics is setting the ground for the interest. This article gives insight into PVT technologies and collector designs according to application and operating temperatures. For most conventional designs, examples like prototypes from Research & Development projects are presented. In addition, commercial products are listed along these categories, and the influence on the gross thermal and electrical yield is depicted based on Solar Keymark certification data. The process of certification is presented in a comprehensive way, showing current limitations, giving an outlook on the most recent approach for enhanced procedures and specifications. Finally, different system layouts are presented, and examples from installations combined with a heat pump are given with their specific performances. Real performance data of several PVT installations are compared to conventional heat pump systems. The identified seasonal performance factors are in a range from 3.4 to 4.2 and in between air source and ground source heat pumps. Continuous monitoring and derived data are enablers to discover the decisive influence of the system layout and dimensioning on performance indicators like, for example, operating temperatures over the year.
Purpose
To summarize the mechanical loading of the spine in different activities of daily living and sports.
Methods
Since the direct measurement is not feasible in sports activities, a mathematical model was applied to quantify spinal loading of more than 600 physical tasks in more than 200 athletes from several sports disciplines. The outcome is compression and torque (normalized to body weight/mass) at L4/L5.
Results
The data demonstrate high compressive forces on the lumbar spine in sport-related activities, which are much higher than forces reported in normal daily activities and work tasks. Especially ballistic jumping and landing skills yield high estimated compression at L4/L5 of more than ten times body weight. Jumping, landing, heavy lifting and weight training in sports demonstrate compression forces significantly higher than guideline recommendations for working tasks.
Conclusion
These results may help to identify acute and long-term risks of low back pain and, thus, may guide the development of preventive interventions for low back pain or injury in athletes.
Footwear plays a critical role in our daily lives, affecting our performance, health and overall well-being. Well-designed footwear can provide protection, comfort and improved foot functionality, while poorly designed footwear can lead to mobility problems and declines in physical activity. The overall goal of footwear research is to provide a scientific basis for professionals in the field to provide an optimal footwear solution for a given person, for a given task, in a given environment, while using sustainable manufacturing processes. This article suggests potential directions for future research with a focus on athletic footwear biomechanics. Directions include the evidence-based individualisation of footwear, the interaction between design and prolonged use, and improving the sustainability of footwear. The authors also provide a speculative outlook on methodological developments that may provide greater insight into these areas. These developments may include: (1) the use of larger scale, real-world and representative data, (2) the use of 3D printing to create experimental footwear, (3) the advancement of in silico research methods, and (4) furthering multidisciplinary collaboration. If successfully applied in the future, footwear research will contribute to active and healthy lifestyles across the lifespan.
Appraising the Methodological Quality of Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies: The QA-SIVAS Scale
(2023)
Background
Video analysis (VA) is commonly used in the assessment of sports injuries and has received considerable research interest. Until now, no tool has been available for the assessment of study quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a valid instrument that reliably assesses the methodological quality of VA studies.
Methods
The Quality Appraisal for Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies (QA-SIVAS) scale was developed using a modified Delphi approach including expert consensus and pilot testing. Reliability was examined through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and free-marginal kappa statistics by three independent raters. Construct validity was investigated by comparing QA-SIVAS with expert ratings by using Kendall’s tau analysis. Rating time was studied by applying the scale to 21 studies and computing the mean time for rating per study article.
Results
The QA-SIVAS scale consists of an 18-item checklist addressing the study design, data source, conduct, report, and discussion of VA studies in sports injury research. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent with ICCs > 0.97. Expert ratings revealed a high construct validity (0.71; p < 0.001). Mean rating time was 10 ± 2 min per article.
Conclusion
QA-SIVAS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be easily applied to sports injury research. Future studies in the field of VA should adhere to standardized methodological criteria and strict quality guidelines.
The increasingly stringent CO2 emissions standards require innovative solutions in the vehicle development process. One possibility to reduce CO2 emissions is the electrification of powertrains. The resulting increased complexity, as well as the increased competition and time pressure make the use of simulation software and test benches indispensable in the early development phases. This publication therefore presents a methodology for test bench coupling to enable early testing of electrified powertrains. For this purpose, an internal combustion engine test bench and an electric motor test bench are virtually interconnected. By applying and extending the Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol Standard for the presented hybrid electric powertrain use case, real-time-capable communication between the two test benches is achieved. Insights into the test bench setups, and the communication between the test benches and the protocol extension, especially with regard to temperature measurements, enable the extension to be applied to other powertrain or test bench configurations. The shown results from coupled test bench operations emphasize the applicability. The discussed experiences from the test bench coupling experiments complete the insights.
Injury prevention is essential in running due to the risk of overuse injury development. Tailoring running shoes to individual needs may be a promising strategy to reduce this risk. Novel manufacturing processes allow the production of individualised running shoes that incorporate features that meet individual biomechanical and experiential needs. However, specific ways to individualise footwear to reduce injury risk are poorly understood. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of (1) footwear design features that have the potential for individualisation; and (2) the literature on the differential responses to footwear design features between selected groups of individuals. These purposes focus exclusively on reducing the risk of overuse injuries. We included studies in the English language on adults that analysed: (1) potential interaction effects between footwear design features and subgroups of runners or covariates (e.g., age, sex) for running-related biomechanical risk factors or injury incidences; (2) footwear comfort perception for a systematically modified footwear design feature. Most of the included articles (n = 107) analysed male runners. Female runners may be more susceptible to footwear-induced changes and overuse injury development; future research should target more heterogonous sampling. Several footwear design features (e.g., midsole characteristics, upper, outsole profile) show potential for individualisation. However, the literature addressing individualised footwear solutions and the potential to reduce biomechanical risk factors is limited. Future studies should leverage more extensive data collections considering relevant covariates and subgroups while systematically modifying isolated footwear design features to inform footwear individualisation.
With the function RooTri(), we present a simple and robust calculation method for the approximation of the intersection points of a scalar field given as an unstructured point cloud with a plane oriented arbitrarily in space. The point cloud is approximated to a surface consisting of triangles whose edges are used for computing the intersection points. The function contourc() of Matlab is taken as a reference. Our experiments show that the function contourc() produces outliers that deviate significantly from the defined nominal value, while the quality of the results produced by the function RooTri() increases with finer resolution of the examined grid.
Background
To assess the in-field walking mechanics during downhill hiking of patients with total knee arthroplasty five to 14 months after surgery and an age-matched healthy control group and relate them to the knee flexor and extensor muscle strength.
Methods
Participants walked on a predetermined hiking trail at a self-selected, comfortable pace wearing an inertial sensor system for recording the whole-body 3D kinematics. Sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were evaluated over the gait cycle at level walking and two different negative slopes. The concentric and eccentric lower extremity muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors isokinetically at 50 and 120°/s were measured.
Findings
Less knee flexion angles during stance have been measured in patients in the operated limb compared to healthy controls in all conditions (level walking, moderate downhill, steep downhill). The differences increased with steepness. Muscle strength was lower in patients for both muscle groups and all measured conditions. The functional hamstrings to quadriceps ratio at 120°/sec correlated with knee angle during level and downhill walking at the moderate slope in patients, showing higher ratios with lower peak knee flexion angles.
Interpretation
The study shows that even if rehabilitation has been completed successfully and complication-free, five to 14 months after surgery, the muscular condition was still insufficient to display a normal gait pattern during downhill hiking. The muscle balance between quadriceps and hamstring muscles seems related to the persistence of a stiff knee gait pattern after knee arthroplasty. LoE: III.