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Using patent information for identification of new product features with high market potential
(2014)
The communication technologies for automatic me-ter reading (smart metering) and for energy production and distribution networks (smart grid) have the potential to be one of the first really highly scaled machine-to-machine-(M2M)-applications. During the last years two very promising devel-opments around the wireless part of smart grid communication were initialized, which possibly have an impact on the markets far beyond Europe and far beyond energy automation. Besides the specifications of the Open Metering System (OMS) Group, the German Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, BSI) has designed a protection profile (PP) and a technical directive (TR) for the communication unit of an intelligent measurement sys-tem (smart meter gateway), which were released in March 2013. This design uses state-of-the-art technologies and prescribes their implementation in real-life systems. At first sight the expenditures for the prescribed solutions seem to be significant. But in the long run, this path is inevitable and comes with strategic advantages.
Multi-agent systems are a subject of continuously increasing interest in applied technical sciences. Smart grids are one evolving field of application. Numerous smart grid projects with various interpretations of multi-agent systems as new control concept arose in the last decade. Although several theoretical definitions of the term ‘agent’ exist, there is a lack of practical understanding that might be improved by clearly distinguishing the agent technologies from other state-of-the-art control technologies. In this paper we clarify the differences between controllers, optimizers, learning systems, and agents. Further, we review most recent smart grid projects, and contrast their interpretations with our understanding of agents and multi-agent systems. We point out that multi-agent systems applied in the smart grid can add value when they are understood as fully distributed networks of control entities embedded in dynamic grid environments; able to operate in a cooperative manner and to automatically (re-)configure themselves.
Mice and rats make up 95% of all animals used in medical research and drug discovery and development. Monitoring of physiological functions such as ECG, blood pressure, and body temperature over the entire period of an experiment is often required. Restraining of the animals in order to obtain this data can cause great inconvenience. The use of telemetric systems solves this problem and provides more reliable results. However, these devices are mostly equipped with batteries, which limit the time of operation or they use passive power supplies, which affects the operating range. The semi-passive telemetric implant being presented is based on RFID technology and overcomes these obstacles. The device is inductively powered using the magnetic field of a common RFID reader device underneath the cage, but is also able to operate for several hours autonomously. Being independent from the battery capacity, it is possible to use the implant over a long period of time or to re-use the device several times in different animals, thus avoiding the disadvantages of existing systems and reducing the costs of purchase and refurbishment.
The Advanced Innovation Design Approach is a holistic methodology for enhancing innovative and competitive capability of industrial companies. AIDA can be considered as an open mindset, an individually adaptable range of strongest innovation techniques such as comprehensive front-end innovation process, advanced innovation methods, best tools and methods of the TRIZ methodology, organizational measures for accelerating innovation, IT-solutions for Computer-Aided Innovation, and other innovation methods, elaborated in the recent decade in the industry and academia
The European TRIZ Association ETRIA acts as a connecting link between scientific institutions, universities and other educational organizations, industrial companies and individuals concerned with conceptual and practical questions relating to organization of innovation process, invention methods, and innovation knowledge. In the meantime, more than TFC 1000 papers or presentation of scientists, educators, and practitioners from all over the world are available at the official ETRIA website. Numerous research projects were supported or funded by the European Commission.
Risk aversion, financing and real servicThe Global CEO Survey was launched in 2015 by researchers from Offenburg University, the University of Westminster and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) to better understand and discover what factors influence exporters’ demand for credit insurance. Although some scholars discussed aspects of corporate insurance demand with regard to exporters, there is limited research concerning the demand for export credit insurance associated with firm-specific factors. Only few empirical studies support existing theories on corporate insurance demand and export credits. This project investigates and fills the relevant gap of official export credit insurance demand.es
The paper conceptualizes the systemic approach for enhancing innovative and competitive capacity of industrial companies (named as Advanced Innovation Design Approach – AIDA) including analysis, optimizations and further development of the innovation process and promoting the innovation climate in industrial companies. The innovation process is understood as a holistic stage-gate system comprising following typical phases with feedback loops and simultaneous auxiliary or follow-up processes: uncovering of solution-neutral customer needs, technology and market trends, identification of the needs and problems with high market potential and formulation of the innovation tasks and strategy, idea generation and problem solving, evaluation and enhancement of solution ideas, creation of innovation concepts based on solution ideas, evaluation of the innovation concepts as well as implementation, validation and market launch of chosen innovation concepts. The article presents the current state of innovation research and discusses the actual status of innovation process in the industrial environment. It defines the future research tasks for amplification of the innovation process with self-configuration, self-optimization, self-diagnostics and intelligent information processing and communication.
Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistors Based on Oxide Semiconductors: Fabrication and Modeling
(2017)
The aim of this data collection is to enforce evidence of SCS effectiveness in treating neuropathic chronic pain and the very low percentage of undesired side effects of complications reported in our case series suggests that all implants should be performed by similarly well-trained and experienced professionals.
The M-Bus protocol (EN13757) is in widespread use for metering applications within home area and neighborhood area networks, but lacks a strict specification. This may lead to incompatibilities in real-life installations and to problems in the deployment of new M-Bus networks. This paper presents the development of a novel testbed to emulate physical Metering Bus (M-Bus) networks with different topologies and to allow the flexible verification of real M-Bus devices in real-world scenarios. The testbed is designed to support device manufacturers and service technicians in test and analysis of their devices within a specific network before their installation. The testbed is fully programmable, allowing flexible changes of network topologies, cable lengths and types. Itis easy to use, as only the master and the slaves devices have to be physically connected. This allows to autonomously perform multiple tests, including automated regression tests. The testbed is available to other researchers and developers. We invite companies and research institutions to use this M-Bus testbed to increase the common knowledge and real-world experience.
Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are very important substances that occur in various medicinal plants. They show different pharmacological activities which might be useful in the therapy of many diseases. Phenolic compounds have achieved an increasing interest over the last years because these compounds are easily oxidized and, thus, act as strong antioxidants. We present the chemiluminescence of different phenolic compounds measured directly on high-performance thin-layer chromatography LiChrospher® plates using the oxalic acid derivative bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) in conjunction with H2O2. Our results indicate that chemiluminescence intensity increases with an ascending number of phenolic groups in the molecule. The method can be used to detect phenolic compounds in beverages like coffee, tea, and wine.
We present a videodensitometric quantification method for methadone in syrup, separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The quantification is based on a derivation reaction with Dragendorf reagent. Measurements were carried out using a 16-bit flatbed scanner. The range of linearity covers two magnitudes of power using the Kubelka-Munk expression for data transformation. The separation method is inexpensive, fast, and reliable.
A Survey of Channel Measurements and Models for Current and Future Railway Communication Systems
(2016)
Formal Description of Inductive Air Interfaces Using Thévenin's Theorem and Numerical Analysis
(2014)
With the development of new integrated circuits to interface radio frequency identification protocols, inductive air interfaces have become more and more important. Near field communication is not only able to communicate, but also possible to transfer power wirelessly and to build up passive devices for logistical and medical applications. In this way, the power management on the transponder becomes more and more relevant. A designer has to optimize power consumption as well as energy harvesting from the magnetic field. This paper discusses a model with simple equations to improve transponder antenna matching. Furthermore, a new numerical analysis technique is presented to calculate the coupling factors, inductions, and magnetic fields of multiantenna systems.
Hybrid SPECT/US
(2014)
Bluetooth Low Energy extends the Bluetooth standard in version 4.0 for ultra-low energy applications through the extensive usage of low-power sleeping periods, which inherently difficult in frequency hopping technologies. This paper gives an introduction into the specifics of the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, shows a sample implementation, where an embedded device is controlled by an Android smart phone, and shows the results of timing and current consumption measurements.
A benchmark analysis of Long Range (LoRaTM) Communication at 2.45 Ghz for safety applications
(2014)
Creating growth through trade is an important part of the policy approach of many economies. For decades, many member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have cooperated in a fair competition for the benefit of their national exporters. The countries’ official export credit agencies (ECAs) have established and jointly improved rules and regulations for export credit and political risk insurance. However, new players such as China, Russia or other fast developing countries have now joined the list of top exporting nations. As these countries have established their own ECAs, there is a need to introduce rules and regulations on global standards for financial terms as well as truly international norms ensuring ‘ethical’ trading behaviour.
But how will government support for foreign trade look like in the future? Will global standards for export credit and political risk insurance become reality by 2020? And how will strict rules and regulations for officially supported export credits and FDI regarding ethics, human rights and the environment impact growth through trade in general, or exporters in particular? These are questions addressed by the thirty eight contributions to Global Policy’s third eBook entitled ‘The Future of Foreign Trade Support – Setting Global Standards for Export Credit and Political Risk Insurance’, guest edited by Andreas Klasen and Fiona Bannert.
All business is local
(2016)
Pressure dynamics in metal-oxygen (metal-air) batteries: a case study on sodium superoxide cells
(2014)
Electrochemical reactions in metal–oxygen batteries come along with the consumption or release of gaseous oxygen. We present a novel methodology for investigating electrode reactions and transport phenomena in metal–oxygen batteries by measuring the pressure dynamics in an enclosed gas reservoir above the oxygen electrode. The methodology is exemplified by a room-temperature sodium–oxygen battery forming sodium superoxide (NaO2) in an electrolyte of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) and sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaOSO2CF3, NaOTf). The experiments are supported by microkinetic simulations with a one-dimensional multiphysics continuum model. During galvanostatic cycling over 30 cycles, a constant oxygen consumption/release rate is observed upon discharge/charge. The number of transferred electrons per oxygen molecule is calculated to 1.01 ± 0.02 and 1.03 ± 0.02 for discharge and charge, respectively, confirming the nature of the oxygen reaction product as superoxide O2–. The same ratio is observed in cyclic voltammetry experiments with low scan rate (<1 mV/s). However, at higher scan rates, the ratio increases as a result of oxygen transport limitations in the electrolyte. We introduce electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS) for simultaneously analyzing current, voltage, and pressure of electrochemical cells. Pressure recording significantly increases the sensitivity of impedance toward oxygen transport properties of the porous electrode systems. In addition, we report experimental data on the diffusion coefficient and solubility of oxygen in electrolyte solutions as important parameters for the microkinetic models.
The energy supply of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (HS OG) was changed from separate generation to trigeneration in 2007/2008. Trigeneration was installed for supplying heat, cooling and electrical power at HS OG. In this paper, trigeneration process and its modes of operation along with the layout of the energy facility at HS OG were described. Special emphasis was given to the operation schemes and control strategies of the operation modes: winter mode, transition mode and summer mode. The components used in the energy facility were also outlined. Monitoring and data analysis of the energy system was carried out after the commissioning of trigeneration in the period from 2008 to 2011. Thus, valuable performance data was obtained.
The design of control systems in large-scale CPV power plants will be more challenging in the future. Reasons are the increasing size of power plants, the requirements of grid operators, new functions, and new technological trends in industrial automation or communication technology. Concepts and products from fixed-mounted PV can only partly be adopted since control systems for sun-tracking installations are considerable more complex due to the higher quantity of controllable entities. The objective of this paper is to deliver design considerations for next generation control systems. Therefore, the work identifies new applications of future control systems categorized into operation, monitoring and maintenance domains. The key-requirements of the technical system and the application layer are identified. In the resulting section, new strategies such as a more decentralized architecture are proposed and design criteria are derived. The contribution of this paper should allow manufacturers and research institutes to consider the design criteria in current development and to place further research on new functions and control strategies precisely.
Diode-array planar chromatography is a versatile tool for identification of pharmaceutical substances In this paper thirty-three compounds with benzodiazepine properties were investigated and the separating conditions for silica gel HPTLC plates and three mobile phases were optimized. Diode-array HPTLC makes it possible to identify all the compounds with high certainty down to a level of 20 ng. An algorithm for spectral recognition which is combined with R F values from the three separation steps into one fit factor is presented. This set of data is unique for each of the compounds investigated and enables unequivocal identification. The method is rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive down to a level of 20 ng mL −1.