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In short-reach connections, large-diameter multimode fibres allow for robust and easy connections. Unfortunately, their propagation properties depend on the excitation conditions. We propose a launching technique using a fibre stub that can tolerate fabrication tolerances in terms of tilts and off-sets to a large extent. A study of the influence of displaced connectors along the transmission link shows that the power distributions approach a steady-state power distribution very similar to the initial distribution established by the proposed launching scheme.
Recent developments in information and communication technology, along with advanced displaying techniques and high computational performance open up new visualisation methods to both scientists and lecturers. Thus simulations of complex processes [1] can be computed and visualised in image sequences. The particular idea in our approach is the outsourcing of computationally intensive calculations to servers which then send the results back to mobile users. In order to improve interpretations of the visualised results, users can view them in a 3D-perspective or stereoscopically, given the technical requirements. Today’s technology even permits to view these visualisations on a mobile phone. An example for such a computationally intensive calculation originating from the theory of relativity is depicted in Figure 4.1-1.
The developed solution enables the presentation of animations and 3D virtual reality (VR) on mobile devices and is well suited for mobile learning, thus creating new possibilities in the area of e-learning worldwide. Difficult relations in physics as well as intricate experiments in optics can be visualised on mobile devices without need for a personal computer.
The developed solution enables the presentation of animations and 3D virtual reality (VR) on mobile devices and is well suited for mobile learning, thus creating new possibilities in the area of e-learning worldwide. Difficult relations in physics as well as intricate experiments in optics can be visualised on mobile devices without need for a personal computer.
Member Lens
(2013)
"Live aus Nogaro" oder "Ein bisschen Formel 1 für Studenten." Nun ja, nicht ganz: Bei der Formel 1 verbraucht ein Rennstall ca 200.000 Liter benzin pro Saison, bei dem Rennen in Nogaro jeoch steht genau ein Liter Sprit zur Verfügung. Und noch etwas unterscheidet die beiden Wettbewerbe: In der Formel 1 gibt es keine Vorschrift für die Mindestgeschwindigkeit, im Gegensatz zum Shell Eco-Marathon, wo eine Mindestgeschwindigkeit von 30 km/h vorgeschrieben ist. In diesem Jahr kam das Rennfeeling durch die Live-Übertragung des Rennens im Internet noch besser an. Eine Gruppe von 16 Studenten aus verschiedenen Semestern der Fakultät Medien- und Informationswesen zusammen mit sechs Betreuern und wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern der Fakultät Medien- und Informationswesen hatten sich als Ziel gesetzt, dieses Ereignis live und - in Anbetracht der Beteiligung der Hochschule am Rennen - möglichst neutral ins Internet zu senden.
The paper will focus on the activities of the International Year of Light and Optical Technologies 2015 (IYL) with their impact in life, science, art, culture, education and outreach as well as the importance in promoting the objectives for sustainable development. It describes our activities carried out in the run-up to or during the IYL, as well as reports on the generic projects that led to the success of the IYL. The success of the IYL is illustrated by examples and statistics. Relating to the potential and success of the IYL, the impact and the genesis of the International Day of Light (IDL) is presented. Impressions from the opening ceremony of the IYL in Paris at UNESCO headquarters and the Inaugural Ceremony of the IDL will then be covered. A second focus is placed on the interdisciplinary media projects realized by the students of our university dedicated to these events. Finally, an analysis of the impact and legacy of IYL and IDL will be presented.
Nach einer Telefonkonferenz mit der weltweiten Shell-Zentrale in Houston/Texas sowie den für Europa und Deutschland zuständigen Zentralen in London bzw. Hamburg war es klar, dass der Shell Eco-Marathon in Europa durch uns live vom EuroSpeedway Lausitzring ins Internet gestreamt wird. Eine besondere Herausforderung bei diesem Live-Event lag darin, dass unser Stream per Inlineframe auf der internationalen Shell-Webseite eingebunden wurde. Ein weiteres Zeichen für das uns entgegengebrachte Vertrauen bekamen wir dann vor Ort, als wir die Eröffnungszeremonie und die Siegerehrung exklusiv übertragen durften.
Der erste Shell Eco-Marathon in Deutschland fand 2009 auf dem Euro-Speedway Lausitzring statt. Mehr als 2500 Studenten aus 29 Länder haben in zwei Kategorien, Prototype und Urban Concept, um den Titel des sparsamsten Fahrzeugs gekämpft. Nach den Erfahrungen aus Nogaro in Frankreich war das Offenburger MITeam fest entschlossen, diese Ereignisse live ins Internet zu senden. Doch es kam anders. Bedingt durch die limitierte Teamstärke und Internetbandbreite wurde aus der Live-Sendung eine unabhängige Berichterstattung. So ging die Webseite www.eco-marathon.de nach einer Rundumüberholung mit neuem Design wieder online. Täglich wurden Spots vom Event produziert und ins Internet gestellt. Die Arbeit des MI-Teams kann unter der oben erwähnten Webseite verfolgt werden.
In den letzten Jahren nahm die Anzahl der Sensoren, die unsere Mobilität zu Land, zu Wasser oder zu Luft erfordert, rapide zu. Immer mehr Sensoren helfen uns, unter schwierigen und zeitkritischen Bedingungen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Und immer mehr optische Sensoren ersetzen klassische elektrische Sensoren. Einerseits weisen optische Sensoren eine bessere elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit auf, werden also nicht von externen Quellen beeinflusst, andererseits sind sie sehr robust und haben eine längere Lebenszeit als ihre elektrischen Pendants.
Optical Möbius Strip
(2011)
After Image
(2013)
The University for Children is a very successful event aiming to spark children‧s interest in science, in this particular lecture in Optics and Photonics. It is from brain research that we know about the significant dependence of successful learning on the fun factor. Researchers in this field have shown that knowledge acquired with fun is stored for a longer time in the long-term memory and can be used both more efficiently and more creatively [1], [2]. Such an opportunity to inspire the young generation for science must not be wasted. The world of Photonics and Optics provides us with a nearly inexhaustible source of opportunities of this kind.
This paper focuses on the effects of differential mode delay (DMD) on the bandwidth of multimode optical fibres. First an analytical solution for the computation of the differential mode time delay is presented. The electrical field of each mode is calculated by the numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation. Based on this solution the modal power distribution as well as the fibre's impulse response under different launching conditions can be obtained.
Next, the refractive-index profile of two fibres is modelled on the basis of DMD measurements. It is shown that these measurements provide enough information to predict the fibre's propagation characteristics under different launch conditions (excitation conditions).
Diffusion plays a decisive role in brain function. In treating brain disorders, where diffusion is often compromised, understanding the transport of molecules can be essential to effective drug delivery. It became apparent that the classical laws of diffusion, cast in the framework of porous media theory, can deliver an accurate quantitative description of the way that molecules are transported through the brain tissue.
Flores Nocturnas
(2012)
The United Nations have declared 2015 as the International Year of Light (IYL2015) and light-based technologies [1]. As a main result, the public interest is focused on both the achievements and the new frontiers of optics and photonics. This opens up new perspectives in the teaching and training of optics and photonics. In the first part of the paper, the author presents the numerous anniversaries occurring in the International Year of Light 2015 together with their importance to the development of science and technology. In the second part, we report on an interactive video projection at the opening ceremony of the IYL2015 in Paris on January 19-20, 2015. Students of Offenburg University have established an interactive video projection which visualizes Twitter and Facebook messages posted with the hashtag #iyl2015 in a mapping technique. Thus, the worldwide community can be interactively part of the opening ceremony. Finally, upcoming global community projects related to optics and astronomy events are presented.
Mobile learning (m-learning) can be considered as a new paradigm of e-learning. The developed solution enables the presentation of animations and 3D virtual reality (VR) on mobile devices and is well suited for mobile learning. Difficult relations in physics as well as intricate experiments in optics can be visualised on mobile devices without need for a personal computer. By outsourcing the computational power to a server, the coverage is worldwide.
Photonics meet digital art
(2014)
The paper focuses on the work of an interdisciplinary project between photonics and digital art. The result is a poster collection dedicated to the International Year of Light 2015. In addition, an internet platform was created that presents the project. It can be accessed at http://www.magic-of-light.org/iyl2015/index.htm. From the idea to the final realization, milestones with tasks and steps will be presented in the paper. As an interdisciplinary project, students from technological degree programs were involved as well as art program students. The 2015 Anniversaries: Alhazen (1015), De Caus (1615), Fresnel (1815), Maxwell (1865), Einstein (1905), Penzias Wilson, Kao (1965) and their milestone contributions in optics and photonics will be highlighted.
Theoretical details about optics and photonics are not common knowledge nowadays. Physicists are keen to scientifically explain ‘light,’ which has a huge impact on our lives. It is necessary to examine it from multiple perspectives and to make the knowledge accessible to the public in an interdisciplinary, scientifically well-grounded and appealing medial way. To allow an information exchange on a global scale, our project “Invisible Light” establishes a worldwide accessible platform. Its contents will not be created by a single instance, but user-generated, with the help of the global community. The article describes the infotainment portal “Invisible Light,” which stores scientific articles about light and photonics and makes them accessible worldwide. All articles are tagged with geo-coordinates, so they can be clearly identified and localized. A smartphone application is used for visualization, transmitting the information to users in real time by means of an augmented reality application. Scientific information is made accessible for a broad audience and in an attractive manner.
The paper focuses on a numerical model which describes the radial temperature evolution in an optical fiber during the heating and cooling process according to the SP1 approximation. Based on this model, experimental methods for temperature measurement with optical fibers and for splice process optimization can be developed.
In the brain-cell microenvironment, diffusion plays an important role: apart from delivering glucose and oxygen from the vascular system to brain cells, it also moves informational substances between cells. The brain is an extremely complex structure of interwoven, intercommunicating cells, but recent theoretical and experimental works showed that the classical laws of diffusion, cast in the framework of porous media theory, can deliver an accurate quantitative description of the way molecules are transported through this tissue. The mathematical modeling and the numerical simulations are successfully applied in the investigation of diffusion processes in tissues, replacing the costly laboratory investigations. Nevertheless, modeling must rely on highly accurate information regarding the main parameters (tortuosity, volume fraction) which characterize the tissue, obtained by structural and functional imaging. The usual techniques to measure the diffusion mechanism in brain tissue are the radiotracer method, the real time iontophoretic method and integrative optical imaging using fluorescence microscopy. A promising technique for obtaining the values for characteristic parameters of the transport equation is the direct optical investigation using optical fibers. The analysis of these parameters also reveals how the local geometry of the brain changes with time or under pathological conditions. This paper presents a set of computations concerning the mass transport inside the brain tissue, for different types of cells. By measuring the time evolution of the concentration profile of an injected substance and using suitable fitting procedures, the main parameters characterizing the tissue can be determined. This type of analysis could be an important tool in understanding the functional mechanisms of effective drug delivery in complex structures such as the brain tissue. It also offers possibilities to realize optical imaging methods for in vitro and in vivo measurements using optical fibers. The model also may help in radiotracer biomarker models for the understanding of the mechanism of action of new chemical entities.
Komplexe optische Netzwerke fordern eine immer größere Anzahl an permanenten und dämpfungsarmen Glasfaserverbindungen (Spleiße). Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für hochqualitative Spleiße ist eine geeignete Temperaturverteilung. Die Autoren stellen eine In-situ-Methode zur Temperaturkontrolle durch Bildbearbeitung vor.
The authors set the focus in this paper on the description of polarization with the help of the Jones calculus and the application of polarization in photography. Furthermore, the effect of the circular polarization filter is described by using the Jones calculus. Also, an enhancement of artistic and creative possibilities in photography through quantization or parametrization by the Jones matrices is presented.
We present our twenty years of experience in the live broadcasting of astronomical events, with the main focus on total lunar eclipses. Our efforts were motivated by the great impact and high number of viewers of these events. Visitors from over a hundred countries watched our live broadcasts. Our viewer record was set on July 27, 2018, with the live transmission of the total lunar eclipse from the Feldberg, the highest mountain in the Black Forest, attracting nearly half a million viewers in five hours.
An especially challenging activity was the live observing of the Mercury transit on 9 May 2016, which we presented as ‘live astronomy’ with hands-on telescope. The main goal of this event was to awake our students enthusiasm for optics and astronomy.
Furthermore, we report on our experiences with the photography of optical phenomena such as polar lights and green flash.
Art and Photonics
(2019)
In this paper we report on our continuous efforts to apply optics and photonics in art. This results in interdisciplinary projects which sometimes lead to concrete art installations.
We presented some of these projects at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, at the opening ceremony of the International Year of Light and the inaugural ceremony of the International Day of Light.
Some newer projects, such as “A Maze: Ingenious Pipes” and “The Power of Your Eyes,” are also presented in this paper.
After the successful International Year of Light 2015, the idea of sustainability became increasingly imminent. After a preparatory year on 16 May 2018, the International Day of Light was launched for the first time. This event was celebrated with a public celebration in Paris at the UNESCO headquarters. In this paper we will present our projects dedicated to the International Day of Light in Paris. Together with a group of students from our university, we had the special opportunity to be integrated in the program of the opening ceremony at UNESCO in Paris. With our interdisciplinary projects we have tried to build a bridge between optics, photonics, art and media installations.
Astronomical phenomena fascinate people from the very beginning of mankind up to today. In this paper the authors will present their experience with photography of astronomical events. The main focus will be on aurora borealis, comet Neowise, total lunar eclipses and how mobile devices open up new possibilities to observe the green flash. Our efforts were motivated by the great impact and high number of viewers of these events. Visitors from over a hundred countries watched our live broadcasts.
Furthermore, we report on our experiences with the photography of optical phenomena such as polar lights Fig. 1, comet Neowise with a Delta Aquariids meteor Fig. 11, and lunar eclipses Fig. 12.
The International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies 2015 (IYL 2015) was celebrated around the world. Worldwide activities were organized to highlight the impact of optics and photonics on life, science, economics, arts and culture, and also in education. With most of our activities at Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (Offenburg/Germany), we reached our own students and the general population of our region: - University for Children: “The Magic of Light“ winter lecture program and “Across the Universe with Relativity and Quantum Theory” summer lecture program - “Students Meet Scientists” - “A Century of General Relativity Theory” lecture program Nevertheless, with some of our activities we also engaged a worldwide audience: - IYL 2015 art poster collection (Magic of Light and No Football, Just Photonics) - Smart Interactive Projection - Twitter Wall - “Invisible Light” - Live broadcasting of the total lunar eclipse - Film Festival Merida Mexico The authors will highlight recent activities at our university dedicated to promote, celebrate, and create a legacy for the IYL 2015.
Teaching and learning concepts that are adapted to the constantly evolving requirements due to rapid technological progress are essential for teaching in media photonics technology. After the development of a concept for research-oriented education in optics and photonics, the next step will be a conceptual restructuring and redesign of the entire curriculum for education in media photonics technology. By including typical research activities as essential components of the learning process, a broad platform for practical projects and applied research can be created, offering a variety of new development opportunities.
Our university carries out various research projects. Among others, the project Schluckspecht is an interdisciplinary work on different ultra-efficient car concepts for international contests. Besides the engineering work, one part of the project deals with real-time data visualization. In order to increase the efficiency of the vehicle, an online monitoring of the runtime parameters is necessary. The driving parameters of the vehicle are transmitted to a processing station via a wireless network connection. We plan to use an augmented reality (AR) application to visualize different data on top of the view of the real car. By utilizing a mobile Android or iOS device a user can interactively view various real-time and statistical data. The car and its components are meant to be augmented by various additional information, whereby that information should appear at the correct position of the components. An engine e.g. could show the current rpm and consumption values. A battery on the other hand could show the current charge level. The goal of this paper is to evaluate different possible approaches, their suitability and to expand our application to other projects at our university.
Not only is the number of new devices constantly increasing, but so is their application complexity and power. Most of their applications are in optics, photonics, acoustic and mobile devices. Working speed and functionality is achieved in most of media devices by strategic use of digital signal processors and microcontrollers of the new generation. Considering all these premises of media development dynamics, the authors present how to integrate microcontrollers and digital signal processors in the curricula of media technology lectures by using adequate content. This also includes interdisciplinary content that consists of using the acquired knowledge in media software. These entries offer a deeper understanding of photonics, acoustics and media engineering.
The paper describes the implementation of practical laboratory settings in a virtual environment. With the entry of VR glasses into the mass market, there is a chance to establish educational and training applications for displaying some teaching materials and practical works. Therefore our project focuses on the realization of virtual experiments and environments, which gives users a deep insight into selected subfields of Optics and Photonics. Our goal is not to substitute the hand on experiments rather to extend them. By means of VR glasses, the user is offered the possibility to view the experiment from several angles and to make changes through interactive control functions. During the VR application, additional context-related information is displayed. By using object recognition, the specific graphics and texts for the respective object are loaded and supplemented at the appropriate place. Thus, complex facts are supported in an informative way. The prototype is developed using the Unity Engine and can thus be exported to different platforms and end devices. Another major advantage of virtual simulations to the real situation is the high degree of controllability as well as the easy repeatability. With slight modifications, entire experiments can be reused. Our research aims to acquire new knowledge in the field of e-learning in association with VR technology. Here we try to answer a core question of the compatibility of the individual media components.
Currently, immersive technologies are enjoying great popularity. This trend is reflected in technological advances and the emergence of new products for the mass market, such as augmented reality glasses. The range of applications for immersive technologies is growing with more efficient and affordable technologies and student adoption. Especially in education, the use will improve existing learning methods. Immersive application use visual, audio and haptic sensors to fully engage the user in a virtual environment. This impression is reinforced with the help of realistic visualizations and the opportunity for interaction. In particular, Augmented reality is characterized by a high degree of integration between reality and the inserted virtual objects. An augmented interactive simulation for the determination of the specific charge of an electron will be used as an example to demonstrate how such immersion can be created for users. A virtual Helmholtz coil is used to measure and calculate the e/m constant. The voltage at the cathode for generating the electron beam, but also the voltage of the homogeneous magnetic field for deflecting the electron beam, can be variably controlled by haptic user input. Based on these voltages, an immersive virtual electron beam is calculated and visualized. In this paper, the authors present the conceptual steps of this immersive application and address the challenges associated with designing and developing an augmented and interactive simulation.
Live streaming of events over an IP network as a catalyst in media technology education and training
(2020)
The paper describes how students are involved in applied research when setting up the technology and running a live event. Real-time IP transmission in broadcast environments via fiber optics will become increasingly important in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to create a platform in this area where students can learn how to handle IP infrastructure and fiber optics. With this in mind, we have built a fully functional TV control room that is completely IP-based. The authors present the steps in the development of the project and show the advantages of the proposed digital solutions. The IP network proves to be a synergy between the involved teams: participants of the robot competition and the members of the media team. These results are presented in the paper. Our activities aim to awaken enthusiasm for research and technology in young people. Broadcasts of live events are a good opportunity for "hands on" activities.
Für Verbindungen über einige hunderte Meter eignen sich Multimode-Lichtwellenleiter (MM-LWL) durch ihre Robustheit und einfache Handhabung ideal. Zudem erlaubt der große Durchmesser des Faserkerns mit 62,5 µm eine sichere, stabile und relativ verlustfreie Verbindung. Neben diesen Vorteilen sind jedoch im letzten Jahrzehnt durch die Erhöhung der Bitrate auch Nachteile sichtbar geworden. So konnten die für niedrige Übertragungsraten genutzten LEDs noch zur Vollanregung der Übertragungsmoden eingesetzt werden. Für höhere Übertragungsraten ist dies jedoch nicht mehr möglich, da sie optisch zu träge sind und somit der schnellen Modulation nicht mehr folgen können. Schnellere Anregungskomponenten, etwa Laserdioden (LD), müssen eingesetzt werden. Durch die spezifische Ausstrahlungscharakteristik der LDs kann jedoch nicht mehr der gesamte MM-LWL-Kern angeregt werden. Dies führt zu unterschiedlichen Modenlaufzeiten im MMLWL, was sich wiederum negativ auf die Übertragungsrate auswirken kann. Dadurch nimmt die Bandbreite rapide ab.