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In this work a set of nonlinear coupled COM equations at interacting frequencies is derived on the basis of nonlinear electro-elasticity. The formalism is presented with the aim of describing intermodulation distortion of third-order (IMD3) and triple beat. The resulting COM equations are translated to the P-matrix formalism, where care is taken to obtain the correct frequency dependence. The scheme depends on two frequency-independent constants for an effective third-order nonlinearity. One of these two constants is negligibly small in the systems considered here. The P-matrix approach is applied to single filters and duplexers on LiTaO 3 (YXl)/42° operating in different frequency ranges. Both IMD3 and triple beat show good agreement with measurement.
A Nonlinear FEM Model to Calculate Third-Order Harmonic and Intermodulation in TC-SAW Devices
(2018)
Nonlinearities in Temperature Compensated SAW (TC-SAW) devices in the 2 GHz range are investigated using a nonlinear finite element model by simultaneously considering both third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3)and third harmonic (H3). In the employed perturbation approach, different contributions to the total H3, the direct and indirect contribution, are discussed. H3 and IMD3 measurements were fitted simultaneously using scaling factors for SiO 2 film and Cu electrode nonlinear material tensors in TC-SAW devices. We employ a P-Matrix simulation as intermediate step: Firstly, measurement and nonlinear P-Matrix calculations for finite devices are compared and coefficients of the P-Matrix simulation are determined. The nonlinear tensor data of the different materials involved in periodic nonlinear finite element method (FEM) computations are optimized to fit periodic P-Matrix calculations by introducing scaling factors. Thus, the contribution of different materials to the nonlinear behavior of TC-SAW devices is obtained and the role of materials is discussed.
Machine Learning (ML) als das aktuell wohl am meisten diskutierte Teilgebiet von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) verspricht und realisiert bereits sinnvolle Unterstützung u.a. beim autonomen Fahren, der Predictive Maintenance, der Verbrechensvorbeugung, dem Zusammenführen von Angebot und Nachfrage durch Empfehlungslisten oder im Kundenservice mit Softbots.1 All diesen Anwendung ist letztlich gemeinsam, dass Entscheidungen zu treffen sind, und zwar möglichst rational vor dem Hintergrund von subjektiven Präferenzsystemen und den in Betracht gezogenen Handlungsalternativen. Die Entscheidungsgegenstände betreffen Fragen, wann ein Fahrzeug leicht abgebremst werden soll, in welcher Gegend schwerpunktmäßig Polizeipräsenz gezeigt werden soll oder wann eine Maschine gewartet werden soll.
Das TMKB-Modell beschreibt einen Weg, den persönlichen und unternehmerischen Erfolg im beruflichen Alltag effizient und nachhaltig zu erreichen. Hierbei steht TMKB für den Transfer von Methoden und Kompetenzen in den Beruf. Dieses Modell beachtet die Theorien der Kompetenzentwicklung im Kontext realer Problemstellungen in Unternehmen. Beispielhaft wird das TMKB-Modell in der ersten Stufe mit dem Schwerpunkt Lean- und Projektmanagement erläutert. Die Zielgruppe dieses Ansatzes lässt sich über die der Auszubildenden bis hin zu Studierenden und Berufserfahrenen erweitern.
Intelligentes Data Governance und Data Management – Neue Chancen für die Kundendatenbewirtschaftung
(2022)
Mit der Digitalisierung haben sich für Marketing und Vertrieb vielzählige unterschiedliche neue Kanäle, Werbeformate und Zielgruppen eröffnet. Expertinnen und Experten schätzen, dass ca. 4.000 bis 10.000 Werbe- und Markenbotschaften täglich auf jede und jeden von uns einprasseln. Mögen diese Zahlen umstritten und eine Zahl zwischen 300 bis 500 Botschaften pro Tag realistischer sein, so ist dies noch immer eine Menge, die kaum noch verarbeitet und wahrgenommen werden kann. Als Reaktion auf diese Werbemasse und Reizüberflutung haben Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten zum Teil eine Art „Werbeblindheit“ entwickelt.
Für Unternehmen wird daher zunehmend herausfordernder, ihre Zielgruppe aktiv zu erreichen. Was können Unternehmen nun tun, um dennoch nachhaltig Aufmerksamkeit zu gewinnen, und wie kann Künstliche-Intelligenz-gestütztes Kundendatenmanagement dabei helfen?
Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat die Welt verändert. Alle Wirtschaftszweige wie etwa der Handel sahen sich von heute auf morgen mit einer veränderten Realität konfrontiert. Diese Entwicklung hat einerseits den schon vor der Pandemie wahrnehmbaren Digitalisierungsdruck, vor allem auf den stationären Handel, massiv erhöht. Und andererseits die Daten von Kundinnen und Kunden in das Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt, da in der digitalen Welt der persönliche Kontakt zur Kundschaft fehlt. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Bedeutung von Kundendaten, Datenqualität und Datenmanagement als wesentliche Erfolgsfaktoren für den Handel in dieser herausfordernden Situation. Er zeigt auf, wie Datenverantwortliche im Handel aus dem Wissen um die Daten mittels Identity Resolution klare Profile von Kundinnen und Kunden entwickeln und diese plattformbasiert ausrollen können. Hierzu wird das neue Konzept des Customer Digital Twins eingeführt. Die abschließenden Handlungsempfehlungen bieten eine ‚Arbeitsanweisung in fünf Schritten‘ für eine aktuelle, vollständige und verlässliche Datenbasis, als Grundlage für den datenorientierten stationären und Onlinehandel.
The use of architectural models is a long-proven method for the visualization of designs. More recently, powerful 3D printers have enabled the rapid and cost-effective additive manufacturing (AM) of textured architectural models. The use of AM technology to sample terraced houses in a specific use case (sampling center with more than 1200 customers per year) is examined within this contribution. The aim is to offer customers with limited spatial imagination assistance in the form of detailed architectural models of the whole house, which are divided into different modules. For this purpose, the structure of the terraced house is first analysed and examined for flexible design elements. The implementation of different variants of each floor should serve as a basis for the customer's decision on design and equipment. Thus, the architectural models are additively manufactured using Polyjet modeling. The necessary CAAD-data and interfaces, the technical possibilities and limits of this approach as well as the resulting costs are analyzed. The results of the AM process are evaluated to determine their applicability for the sampling of terraced houses. In addition, the evaluation will show that the additively manufactured architectural models will allow a more precise visualization of the building and thus a faster understanding of the design choices.
Die vorliegende Abschlussarbeit wurde intern an der Hochschule Offenburg angefertigt. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist der Einsatz von cloudbasierten Business-Intelligence-Systemen in der Lehre.
Die Arbeit befasst sich zu Beginn mit der Anbindung einer externen Datenquelle in SAP Data Warehouse Cloud (DWC). Diese basiert auf einer relationalen Datenbank. Hierfür wer- den drei unterschiedliche Lösungen untersucht und miteinander verglichen. Außerdem werden Lernszenarien für die Arbeit mit der SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) entworfen. Die Lernszenarien beinhalten jeweils ein Vertriebsdashboard, welches zuvor konzipiert und in SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) implementiert wird. Die Dashboards sollen durch das Absolvieren von Lernszenarien durch Studierende an der Hochschule Offenburg unter Einhaltung von Prinzipien guter Visualisierung nachgebaut werden. Beide Produkte von SAP sind momentan Teil von Laboren an der Hochschule Offenburg, um Prinzipien von Business Intelligence (BI) praktisch anzuwenden. Mit Hilfe von SAP Data Warehouse Cloud (DWC) wird ein Datenmodell entworfen. Dieses wird in SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) verwendet, um die Daten zu visualisieren. Die Grundlage für die Arbeiten bilden die Daten der Global Bike Group. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Referenzfirma von SAP, die es ermöglicht, anhand von geschäftlichen Testdaten einen Eindruck von den Funktionen der SAP-Produkte zu erlan- gen.
Die Arbeit orientiert sich an zwei Forschungsfragen. Die erste Forschungsfrage behandelt die Anbindung einer Datenquelle in SAP Data Warehouse Cloud (DWC). Die zweite Forschungsfrage betrifft den Entwurf von Lernszenarien mit unterschiedlichem Umfang und unterschiedlicher Zielgruppe in SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC). Beide Fragen konnten erfolg- reich beantwortet werden. Die Ziele der Arbeit wurden erreicht
The aim of the essay is to identify current trends in infrastructure financing in times of net zero, crucial challenges, and solutions to overcome these issues. To gain information, a fundamental literal research, and interviews with infrastructure financing specialists of development banks were conducted. The growing importance of climate aspects for financing decisions, the changing sources of infrastructure funding and the increased role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) can be listed as the most important trends. The main challenges are the financing gap for infrastructure, the high investment risks and a lack of standards, and policies regarding climate neutrality. To overcome these challenges, innovative financing solutions and the merging of public and private funding have been identified as potential solutions.
This paper examines and evaluates the challenges and opportunities of export credit agencies (ECA) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Political risks, unrest and instability made exports in the MENA region arduous. Further challenges are demonetization, the lack of reliable information and the acquisition of skilled employees. Access to financial resources can be quite challenging and several ECAs in the MENA region struggle from having no economies of scale. The global trend of globalisation and digitalisation has proved to be both a challenge and an opportunity. Nevertheless, the ECAs are becoming progressively important and needed in the MENA region. ECAs can benefit from this by working closely with financial institutions, banks and stakeholders. Other opportunities are infrastructure, renewable energies, international events and the diversification of the product portfolio. Through research on the ECAs EGE, ECI, Credit Oman and ICIEC, differences of multilateral and national export credit agencies have been analysed as well.
The aim of this essay is to point out the challenges and opportunities of government export credits and insurance in Europe. The Covid-19 pandemic confronted the entire world with new challenges. This also applied to the export financing and insurance market. Furthermore, there are also challenges that play a major role for ECAs regardless of the pandemic. However, the risks are also offset by opportunities that may enable European export credit agencies to prevail against international competition.
The focus of this essay is on the export credit agencies from Finland (Finnvera), Sweden (EKN) and Portugal (COSEC). As part of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) the three ECAs share many fundamental similarities but in some points they may also distinguish from each other.
The aim of this essay is to give an overview about recent developments of the government innovation funds of Sweden and Finland. In order to discover recent developments basic knowledge regarding innovation funds, funding structures and information about the two big funding agencies Vinnova Sweden and Business Finland is presented. Building on this information, the developments of the two funding agencies are compared and examined for similarities and differences. Both countries have a very similar structure in terms of the R&D sector and are striving with the same issues. Just as sustainability is a leading issue, the collaboration between the different shareholders is another main challenge. Both topics were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Both Sweden and Finland had to really push forward innovation with financial support and political, strategic goals. Even though there are strong recent developments, the countries are facing the same challenges, do have similar funding structures and therefore have no big comparative strengths or weaknesses to each other.
Innovation Policies and Government Instruments – An illustration of Israel’s innovation system
(2021)
The aim of this paper is to introduce innovation policy measures, government instruments and conceptual approaches to promote innovation growth. Since Israel is increasingly establishing itself as a pioneer for innovation, this paper mainly refers to their innovation policy. This paper will explain why Israel's innovation policy is successful and which actors play a particularly important role in it. Using semi-structured interviews, government experts like the Israel Innovation Authority as well as companies like Bosch were asked about Israel’s national innovation system and its success which allowed diverse perspectives on the topic.
The aim of this essay is to give a systematic review of the literature. Climate change is omnipresent and manifests itself in a steady increase in global warming. This trend was triggered as a reaction to increasing emissions in the course of industrialization. Climate finance is generally understood to be the provision of public, private, and alternative sources of finance that represent measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Significant commitments to support developing countries by developed countries have been manifested in the UNFCC climate framework and the Paris Climate Agreement. Funding from public and private sources increased to a total of $540 billion in 2019. Whether multilateral or bilateral, the largest share is provided in the form of loans to the target countries.
Germany was considered the world's export champion for a long time, until it was overtaken by China in 2009. Both nations provide officially supported export credits to national exporting organizations, but the two systems operate differently. German export credit guarantees serve as a substitute when the private market is unable to assume the risks of exporting companies. The German Export Credit Agency Euler Hermes is responsible for processing applications on behalf of the Federal Government. China belongs to the largest providers of export finance with the institutions China EXIM and Sinosure. While Germany is bound by the OECD consensus, which defines the level playing field, Chinese export credit agencies have greater flexibility not being bound by international rules or agreements.
Disruptive innovations can solve major global challenges. However, the system in Germany does not sufficiently favor the development of such innovations. The disruptive output of leading nations like the United States puts increasing pressure on Germany’s innovation leadership. The German innovation agency SPRIND was founded in 2019 and is a suitable instrument to promote disruptive innovations. The SPRIND itself cites the American innovation agency DARPA, which has been promoting disruptive innovations since 1958, a role model. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of DARPA and SPRIND. To answer the research question, secondary sources were used. In addition, two expert interviews were conducted with employees of SPRIND. The result of this paper is a systematic comparison that identifies the key differences and similarities between the two agencies. SPRIND is based on DARPA in key success factors, such as the person-centered approach, funding instruments or risk management. However, compared to DARPA, SPRIND has a major disadvantage; namely several administrative hurdles which inhibit agile action.
If the current situation could be described in one word, it would be ‘uncertainty’. In times of global crisis, it is important to support the economy to keep businesses alive. Therefore, this paper shows the Finnish government measures and how exporters can benefit from them. Looking in particular at the maritime sector, the research pointed out that there were not that many specific measures for exporters and shipbuilders. This essay detected that the provided measures are suitable for the needs of the affected companies and are an effective instrument by the government to stabilise the industry. This is proved by the number of companies taking advantage of these loans, grants and guarantees. Due to the already mentioned uncertainty, it remains unclear how measures have to be adjusted in the future.
Achieving Positive Hospitality Experiences through Technology: Findings from Singapore and Malaysia
(2021)
Customers’ experience is one of the most impactful factors in the tourism industry. Only by offering customers an excellent experience is it possible to build and ensure long-term customer loyalty. In today’s world, technology plays a key role in providing customers with an excellent customer experience. This study has the objective of analyzing how a positive customer experience can be achieved, and which technologies are necessary to ensure this. Results were collected through a literature review, and qualitative interviews with managers of selected hotels, as well as of attractions in Malaysia and Singapore. The analysis of these hotels and attractions is based on a set of criteria to determine the extent of the adoption of the new standards that contribute to positive online customer experiences. As a conclusion, different perspectives are compared, and positive and negative aspects of the use of modern technologies in the tourism industry are specified and discussed.
Produkt-Controlling
(2021)
Zentraler Baustein des Marketing ist die „facettenreiche“ Produktpolitik. Im nachstehenden Beitrag wird zunächst die Einordnung der Produktpolitik in den Zielkatalog des Marketing und des Unternehmens skizziert. Das Produkt-Controlling wird verstanden als zielgerichtete Unterstützung der Managementaufgaben im Kontext der Produktpolitik mittels passender Instrumente – Instrumente, die der Phase der Produktentstehung wie der Marktzyklusphase zuzuordnen sind. Erkennbar wird: es gibt ein umfangreiches Set an Methoden, die das Marketing-Management unterstützen und die Sicherstellung der Marketing-Effektivität und Marketing-Effizienz gewährleisten. Die Komplexität des Produkt-Controllings bedingt sich auch durch den ausreichenden Einbezug preis-, qualitäts- und markenpolitischer Informationen in die Zielkontrolle.
Wie entscheiden Helden?
(2021)
As the world economy rapidly decarbonises to meet global climate goals, the export credit sector must keep pace. Countries representing over two-thirds of global GDP have now set net zero targets, as have hundreds of private financial institutions. Public and private initiatives are now working to develop new standards and methodologies for shifting investment portfolios to decarbonisation pathways based on science.
However, export credit agencies (ECAs) are only at the beginning stages of this seismic transformation. On the one hand, the net zero transition creates risks to existing business models and clients for the many ECAs, while on the other, it creates a significant opportunity for ECAs to refocus their support to help countries and trade partners meet their climate targets. ECAs can best take advantage of this transition, and minimise its risks, by setting net zero targets and adopting credible plans to decarbonise their portfolios. Collaboration across the sector can be a powerful tool for advancing this goal.
Increasing power density causes increased self-generation of harmonics and intermodulation. As this leads to violations of the strict linearity requirements, especially for carrier aggregation (CA), the nonlinearity must be considered in the design process of RF devices. This raises the demand of accurate simulation models. Linear and nonlinear P-Matrix/COM models are used during the design due to their fast simulation times and accurate results. However, the finite element method (FEM) is useful to get a deeper insight in the device's nonlinearities, as the total field distributions can be visualized. The FE method requires complete sets of material tensors, which are unknown for most relevant materials in nonlinear micro-acoustics. In this work, we perform nonlinear FEM simulations, which allow the calculation of nonlinear field distributions of a lithium tantalate based layered SAW system up to third order. We aim at achieving good correspondence to measured data and determine the contributions of each material layer to the nonlinear signals. Therefore, we use approximations circumventing the issue of limited higher order tensor data. Experimental data for the third order nonlinearity is shown to validate the presented approach.
Surface acoustic waves are propagated toward the edge of an anisotropic elastic medium (a silicon crystal), which supports leaky waves with a high degree of localization at the tip of the edge. At an angle of incidence corresponding to phase matching with this leaky wedge wave, a sharp peak in the reflection coefficient of the surface wave was found. This anomalous reflection is associated with efficient excitation of the leaky wedge wave. In laser ultrasound experiments, surface acoustic wave pulses were excited and their reflection from the edge of the sample and their partial conversion into leaky wedge wave pulses was observed by optical probe-beam deflection. The reflection scenario and the pulse shapes of the surface and wedge-localized guided waves, including the evolution of the acoustic pulse traveling along the edge, have been confirmed in detail by numerical simulations.
Properties of higher-order surface acoustic wave modes in Al(1-x)Sc(x)N / sapphire structures
(2021)
In this work, surface acoustic wave (SAW) modes and their dependence on propagation directions in epitaxial Al0.68Sc0.32N(0001) films on Al2O3(0001) substrates were studied using numerical and experimental methods. In order to find optimal propagation directions for higher-order SAW modes, phase velocity dispersion branches of Al0.68Sc0.32N on Al2O3 with Pt mass loading were computed for the propagation directions <11-20> and <1-100> with respect to the substrate. Experimental investigations of phase velocities and electromechanical coupling were performed for comparison with the numerical results. Simulations carried out with the finite element method (FEM) and with a Green function approach allowed identification of each wave type, including Rayleigh, Sezawa and shear horizontal wave modes. For the propagation direction <1-100>, significantly increased wave guidance of the Sezawa mode compared to other directions was observed, resulting in enhanced electromechanical coupling (k2eff = 1.6 %) and phase velocity (vphase = 6 km/s). We demonstrated, that selecting wave propagation in <1-100> with high mass density electrodes results in increased electromechanical coupling without significant reduction in phase velocities for the Sezawa wave mode. An improved combination of metallization, Sc concentration x, and SAW propagation direction is suggested which exhibits both high electromechanical coupling (k2eff > 6 %) and high velocity (vphase = 5.5 km/s) for the Sezawa mode.
Financing trade and development sustainably will be crucial for Africa. Enhanced collaboration between multilateral development banks, development finance institutions and ECAs could greatly enhance intra-regional trade. Furthermore, setting up a ‘level playing field’ on the continent will allow governments to make strategic interventions for successful export credits and trade finance solutions, fostering growth through trade. African trade is already showing signs of rebounding from the coronavirus- induced recession. Through concerted, co-operative and continent-wide efforts, drawing on the knowledge and resources of all types of institutions and policy experts, Africa will continue to grow confidently and quickly into its increasingly important role as an engine of economic growth and global trade.
The global pathway to net zero emissions by 2050 requires governments to implement and strengthen climate policies as global emissions are reaching record level. Climate finance plays a crucial role in the net zero transition. It refers to local, national or transnational financing seeking to support mitigation and adaptation actions that address climate change. Public export-import banks (EXIMs) and government export credit agencies (ECAs) are highly influential actors for climate action. Although there is no consensus among EXIMs and ECAs on how to define climate finance, 20 institutions assessed in this report give evidence that they significantly support climate action related transactions: EXIM and ECA financing and insurance amounted to EUR 6.7-8.4 billion in 2020, much more than estimated by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI). However, the results also show that EXIM and ECA lending and insurance activities must rise substantially in order to contribute to the climate finance volumes required by 2030 as estimated by CPI. To retain their current proportion relative to other climate finance flows, assessed institutions would need to increase their climate financing 6.8 times to between EUR 45.3 billion and EUR 57.4 billion by 2030.
Sowohl die Entwicklung neuer als auch die Weiterentwicklung bestehender Quartiere sind mit vielfältigen Herausforderungen verbunden. Durch weitere Klimaschutzmaßnahmen und ein zunehmendes Umweltbewusstsein steigen die energetischen Anforderungen an Wohn- und Gewerbeimmobilien. Die besonders für Deutschland ungünstige demografische Entwicklung bedingt eine weiter zunehmende Urbanisierung, bedingt durch Migration und Zuzug älterer Menschen in Städte, die künftig noch mehr altersgerechte Wohnungen und Pflegeeinrichtungen etablieren müssen. Hinzu kommen die steigenden Anforderungen aus der digitalen Transformation und einer Informationsgesellschaft, die sich mit Konnektivität, Schnelllebigkeit, Individualisierungstendenzen und veränderten Konsumgewohnheiten auseinandersetzen muss.
Lernziele:
Die Leser
• kennen die Bestandteile und Aufgaben der Produktion;
• wissen, welche Ansätze die Vision einer 100 % nachhaltigen Produktion hinsichtlich Material- und Energieverwendung beinhalten;
• verfügen über den Einblick, welche Stufen auf dem Weg zur nachhaltigen Produktion zu nehmen sind;
• wissen auch anhand von Beispielen, welche Ansätze zur Umsetzung einer nachhaltigen Produktion bestehen;
• kennen im Überblick die Ansätze zur Messung von Nachhaltigkeit in der Produktion.
Onlineshops in Deutschland verschenken sehr viel Potenzial im Registrierungs- und Bestellprozess. Dabei lässt sich mit wenigen gezielten Verbesserungen der Checkout barrierefrei und smart gestalten. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine heuristische Untersuchung der Top 100 Onlineshops von Uniserv gemeinsam mit der Hochschule Offenburg. Die Eingabe und Qualität von Adressdaten spielen dabei eine besondere Rolle.
Mit zunehmender Datenverfügbarkeit wird der Einsatz Maschinellen Lernens zur Steuerung und Optimierung von Supply Chains attraktiver, da die Qualität der Datenauswertung erhöht und gleichzeitig der Aufwand gesenkt werden kann. Anhand des SCOR-Modells werden exemplarische Ansätze als Orientierungshilfe eingeordnet und dazu passende Verfahren des Maschinellen Lernens vorgestellt.
IoT-Plattformen stellen ein zentrales Element für die Vernetzung von physischen Objekten und die Bereitstellung deren Daten für digitale Zwillinge dar. Der Markt für solche Plattformen ist in den vergangenen Jahren stark gewachsen. Bei inzwischen über 600 Anbietern ist die Wahl der „richtigen“ Plattform für das eigene Unternehmen keine triviale Aufgabe mehr. Dieser Beitrag soll Unternehmen im Auswahlprozess unterstützen, indem gängige Funktionen von IoT-Plattformen und Kriterien für die Auswahl von IoT-Plattformen aufgezeigt werden.
This paper describes a taxonomy which allows to assess and compare different implementations of master data objects. A systematic breakdown of core entities provides a framework to tell apart four subdividing categories of master data objects: independent and dependent objects, relational objects, and reference objects that serve to attribute information. This supports the preparation of data migrations from one system to another.
For some years now, additive manufacturing (AM) has offered an alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. The strengths of AM are primarily the rapid implementation of ideas into a usable product and the ability to produce geometrically complex shapes. It has also significantly advanced the lightweight design of products made of plastic. So far, the strength of printed components made of polymers is previously very limited.
Recently, new AM processes have become available that allow the embedding of short and also long fibers in polymer matrix. Thus, the manufacturing of components that provide a significant increase in strength becomes possible. In this way, both complex geometries and sophisticated applications can be implemented. This paper therefore investigates how this new technology can be implemented in product development, focusing on sports equipment. An extensive literature research shows that lightweight design plays a decisive role in sports equipment. In addition, the advantages of AM in terms of individualized products and low quantities can be fully exploited.
An example of this approach is the steering system for a seat sled used by paraplegic athletes in the Olympic discipline of Nordic paraskiing. A particular challenge here is the placement and alignment of the long carbon fibers within the polymer matrix and the verification of the strength by means of Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA). In addition, findings from bionics are used to optimize the lightweight design of the steering system. Using this example, it can be shown that the weight of the steering system can be drastically reduced compared to conventional manufacturing. At the same time, a number of parts can be saved through function integration and thus the manufacturing and assembly effort can be reduced significantly.
Today, Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an important part of teaching for the education of future engineers. Therefore, a variety of approaches have been developed in recent years on how to bring the design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) into university teaching. In a detailed literature review, the advantages and disadvantages of the previous approaches are considered and analysed. Based on this, an extended approach is presented in which students analyse and optimize a given product with respect to additive manufacturing. In doing so, the students have to solve challenging tasks in optimization in product development with the help of methodical approaches and practically implement their developed solutions with state-of-the-art additive processes. To work on this task, the students have two different 3D printers at their disposal, which work with different processes and materials. Thus, the students learn to adapt the design to different manufacturing processes and to consider the restrictions of different materials. The assessment of the results from this course is done through feedback and a written survey.
Systematische Erfassung von Einflussfaktoren für das Additive Tooling von Spritzgusswerkzeugen
(2021)
Additive tooling is a quick and cost-effective way of producing injection molded products and high fidelity prototypes using the injection molding process. As part of product development, additive tooling is integrated into a complex process. A lack of design and application knowledge represents a barrier in its use. The present work shows how a Design-Structure-Matrix (DSM) can be used to systematically record and analyze influencing factors and their interrelationships. A systematic literature search is carried out to identify the factors and relationships.
As a reaction to the increasing market dynamics and complex requirements, today’s products need to be developed quickly and customized to the customer’s individual needs. In the past, CAD systems are mainly used to visualize the model that the product designer creates. Generative Design shifts the task of the CAD program by actively participating in the shaping process. This results in more design options and the complexity of the shapes and geometries increases significantly. This potential can be optimally exploited through the combination of Generative Design with Additive Manufacturing (AM). Artificial intelligence and the input of target parameters generate geometries, for example, by creating material for stressed areas, which in turn develops biomorphic shapes and thus significantly reduces the consumption of resources. This contribution aims at the evaluation of existing applications in CAD systems for generative design. Special attention is paid to the requirements in design education and easy access for students. For this purpose, three representative CAD systems are selected and analyzed with the help of a comprehensive example of mass reduction. The aim is to perform an individual result analysis in order to assess the application based on various criteria. By using different materials, the influence of the material for the generation is investigated by comparing the material distribution. By comparing the generated models, differences of the CAD systems can be identified and possible fields of application can be presented. By specifying the manufacturing parameters for the generation of the models, the feasibility of AM can be guaranteed without having to modify the results. The physical implementation of the example by means of Fused Deposition Modeling demonstrates this in an exemplary way and examines the interface of the Generative Design and AM. The results of this contribution will enable an evaluation of the different CAD systems for Generative Design according to technical, visual and economic aspects.
In diesem Artikel werden die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Forschungsgruppe um Herrn Prof. Dr. Wendt vorgestellt. Es wird der Einsatz des neuen 3-D-Druckers der Firma Neotech, sowie die neuesten Entwicklungen im Leuchtturmprojekt Flitzmo beschrieben. Zudem konnte dieses Jahr mit dem Projekt zum Einsatz von Robotik im Bereich Assisted Living begonnen werden.
This paper presents the development of an energy harvesting solution for a driven tool holder. The tool holder environment was analysed, a test stand built and the designed electromagnetic rotation harvester was evaluated. The reported harvester is based on low cost off-the-shelf components and 3D printed parts. The utilisation of SMD coils allows easy adaptation to changing parameters of the integration area. Energy harvesting in tool holders enables predictive maintenance or condition monitoring in the industrial production. These capabilities are mandatory nowadays in regards of IIoT. A reliable energy source is key for continuous monitoring. Changing batteries becomes obsolete. The results provide useful insight for future harvesters.
Human–robot collaborative applications have been receiving increasing attention in industrial applications. The efficiency of the applications is often quite low compared to traditional robotic applications without human interaction. Especially for applications that use speed and separation monitoring, there is potential to increase the efficiency with a cost-effective and easy to implement method. In this paper, we proposed to add human–machine differentiation to the speed and separation monitoring in human–robot collaborative applications. The formula for the protective separation distance was extended with a variable for the kind of object that approaches the robot. Different sensors for differentiation of human and non-human objects are presented. Thermal cameras are used to take measurements in a proof of concept. Through differentiation of human and non-human objects, it is possible to decrease the protective separation distance between the robot and the object and therefore increase the overall efficiency of the collaborative application.
A Review on Kinetic Energy Harvesting with Focus on 3D Printed Electromagnetic Vibration Harvesters
(2021)
The increasing amount of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and wearables require a reliable energy source. Energy harvesting can power these devices without changing batteries. Three-dimensional printing allows us to manufacture tailored harvesting devices in an easy and fast way. This paper presents the development of hybrid and non-hybrid 3D printed electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters. Various harvesting approaches, their utilised geometry, functional principle, power output and the applied printing processes are shown. The gathered harvesters are analysed, challenges examined and research gaps in the field identified. The advantages and challenges of 3D printing harvesters are discussed. Reported applications and strategies to improve the performance of printed harvesting devices are presented.
Instruktionale Texte und Lernvideos – Konzeption und Evaluation zweier multimedialer Lernformate
(2021)
Bei der Konzeption von digitalen Lernmedien sind von Seiten der Entwickler viele Entscheidungen hinsichtlich der Präsentation von Lerninhalten zu treffen, was zum einen die mediale Darstellung und zum anderen die didaktische Aufbereitung der fachlichen Inhalte betrifft. Im vorliegenden Text werden zwei digitale Lernmedien auf der Basis von Einschätzungen von Studierenden wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher und technischer Studiengänge an den Hochschulstandorten Offenburg und Pforzheim analysiert. Die Konzepte der beiden Hochschulen unterscheiden sich deutlich voneinander. Während in Offenburg Lernvideos mit Audiokommentar Verwendung finden, wird in Pforzheim mit statischen instruktionalen Texten und obligatorischen Single-Choice-Übungsaufgaben in einer Moodle-Lernumgebung gearbeitet. Aus Sicht des Aufforderungscharakters, also der Motivation, sich mit den entsprechenden Materialien zu beschäftigen, werden sowohl die instruktionalen Texte als auch die Lernvideos von den Studierenden geschätzt. Es zeigt sich weiterhin, dass Studierende die Lernvideos mit einer gewissen Präferenz lieber allein als zu zweit bearbeiten, während die Bearbeitung der statischen Texte differenzierter betrachtet werden muss. Fokussierende Fragen bewerten nahezu alle Studierenden als lernförderlich für ihren Lernprozess. Allerdings finden sich Hinweise darauf, dass fokussierende Fragen von leistungsschwächeren im Vergleich zu leistungsstärkeren Studierenden als weniger hilfreich angesehen werden. Ebenso lässt sich die Hypothese aufstellen, dass manche Studierende sowohl auf die Unterstützung eines Lernpartners/einer Lernpartnerin als auch auf lernförderliche Fragen verzichten möchten, um ihren Lernprozess möglichst autonom organisieren zu können.
Die Serie Kurzes Tutorium Statistik bemüht sich primär um die Vermittlung des Sinnes statistischer Methoden. Die Gestaltung der auf YouTube veröffentlichten Lernvideos folgt der Idee, dass anhand einer einfachen, alltäglichen Problemstellung ein praktisches Verständnis konkreter quantitativer Lösungsansätze besonders gut erzeugt werden kann. Studierende sollen hierdurch motiviert werden, sich intensiv mit den behandelten Verfahren auseinanderzusetzen. In dem Beitrag werden die Rahmenbedingungen und die grundlegende Konzeption des „Kurzen Tutoriums Statistik“ erläutert sowie die konkrete Umsetzung des Videos zu Streumaßen exemplarisch vorgestellt.
Emotionen sind Teil jedes menschlichen Wesens: Sie begleiten Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen durch alle Alltagssituationen – auch und insbesondere bei Kaufentscheidungen. Jedoch war es bisher nur bedingt möglich, diese Emotionen im Dialogmarketing genau zu erfassen und zu interpretieren. Die innovative Customer Experience Tracking Methode der Hochschule Offenburg ermöglicht eine verzerrungsreduzierte Messung und Auswertung von Kundenemotionen, die vor, während und nach der Benutzerinteraktion mit Dialogmarketingaktivitäten auftreten. Aus den im Labor oder im Feld gewonnenen Untersuchungsergebnissen lassen sich konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten, um Dialogmarketingangebote im Offline-, Online- oder crossmedialen Bereich optimal auf die Bedürfnisse und Erwartungen der Kunden und Kundinnen auszurichten.
As one result of the digital transformation in the automotive industry, new digital business models comprising software-based solutions are demanded by OEMs. To adequately meet these new requirements, automotive suppliers implement interdisciplinary roles – called Customer Solution Designers. However, due to the novelty, the Customer Solution Design research field is not yet well developed, neither in theory nor in practice. Besides giving an overview of the current state of the Customer Solution Design research field, the core of this paper is two-fold: Based on the conduction of 14 guided expert interviews with selected experts of a large German automotive supplier, we establish a uniform understanding of the Customer Solution Design role by using the Role Model Canvas (I). In addition, a case study strategy comprising two software-based projects, which are executed by a large German automotive supplier, is used to derive a common approach for Customer Solution Design in the context of an agile business framework (II).
Due to the pandemic of 2020, many teaching and research institutions are confronted with extraordinary working conditions. In order to enable empirical data collection under these special circumstances, teachers and scientists need to respond flexibly and new concepts need to be developed. This paper deals with the challenges that arise in day-to-day teaching and provides different approaches to meet these challenges. It covers quantitative surveys, remote UX-testing methods as an alternative to eye tracking studies in the lab, as well as face-to-face user experience testings under strict hygiene measures.
In an experience economy market competition in software branches is becoming more and more intense. Technical innovations, global retail practices and the multidimensional conception of experiences provide both opportunities and challenges for companies worldwide. Retailers strive for an optimized conversion rate, but poor UX still abound. Particularly Germany-based companies are less evolved in an international comparison of industrialized economies. The value of integrating users in the development process is recognized, but methodologies must carefully be incorporated into existing agile workflows. The goal of this study is to bridge the gaps between internal agency and external client and user interests. The contribution is four-fold: an overview of the current status of customer centricity in the E-Commerce branch of trade is provided (I). Based on this corpus, a methodical framework, aiming to incorporate the experience logic in UX practices within an agile project team, is presented (II). The framework is applied by a single case study - the shop relaunch of a motorbike accessory store (III). Finally, all interest groups (UX, development and project management) are incorporated in the qualitative content analysis (IV).
Zum Kern der Aufsichtsratstätigkeit gehört die Begutachtung der Qualität wichtiger Vorstandsentscheidungen. Hierbei ist nicht nur zu prüfen, ob es klar formulierte Entscheidungsziele gibt und alternative Handlungsmöglichkeiten in Betracht gezogen wurden. Zu beurteilen ist insbesondere auch die Qualität der Prognosen, auf denen die behaupteten Zielbeeinflussungen basieren. Woran erkennen Aufsichtsräte kritische Prognosen?