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Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden verschiedene Methoden für den Entwurf eines Stromreglers für pulsweitenmoduliert betriebene Drehstromantriebe beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. In den Vergleich eingeschlossen sind sowohl zeitkontinuierlich entworfene PI-Regler mit klassischer Entkopplung als auch zeitdiskret entworfene PI-Regler mit weiterentwickelter Entkopplung und zeitdiskret entworfene Zustandsregler. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Entkopplung der d- und q-Komponente des Statorstromraumzeigers, auch bei hoher Statorfrequenz oder geringer Schaltfrequenz. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Heranziehung von zeitdiskreten Motormodellen und ein darauf basierender Reglerentwurf mit größer werdendem Quotient aus Statorfrequenz und Schaltfrequenz zunehmend Vorteile bietet.
A balcony photovoltaic (PV) system, also known as a micro-PV system, is a small PV system consisting of one or two solar modules with an output of 100–600 Wp and a corresponding inverter that uses standard plugs to feed the renewable energy into the house grid. In the present study we demonstrate the integration of a commercial lithium-ion battery into a commercial micro-PV system. We firstly show simulations over one year with one second time resolution which we use to assess the influence of battery and PV size on self-consumption, self-sufficiency and the annual cost savings. We then develop and operate experimental setups using two different architectures for integrating the battery into the micro-PV system. In the passive hybrid architecture, the battery is in parallel electrical connection to the PV module. In the active hybrid architecture, an additional DC-DC converter is used. Both architectures include measures to avoid maximum power point tracking of the battery by the module inverter. Resulting PV/battery/inverter systems with 300 Wp PV and 555 Wh battery were tested in continuous operation over three days under real solar irradiance conditions. Both architectures were able to maintain stable operation and demonstrate the shift of PV energy from the day into the night. System efficiencies were observed comparable to a reference system without battery. This study therefore demonstrates the feasibility of both active and passive coupling architectures.