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Smarte Technologien ermöglichen eine engmaschige Kontrolle und Steuerung der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Die entscheidende Frage zu IT in Schulen ist daher: Folgen wir der Logik der technischen Systeme oder besinnen wir uns auf den pädagogischen Auftrag der Erziehung zu Mündigkeit und Selbstverantwortung?
Socially assistive robots (SARs) are becoming more prevalent in everyday life, emphasizing the need to make them socially acceptable and aligned with users' expectations. Robots' appearance impacts users' behaviors and attitudes towards them. Therefore, product designers choose visual qualities to give the robot a character and to imply its functionality and personality. In this work, we sought to investigate the effect of cultural differences on Israeli and German designers' perceptions and preferences regarding the suitable visual qualities of SARs in four different contexts: a service robot for an assisted living/retirement residence facility, a medical assistant robot for a hospital environment, a COVID-19 officer robot, and a personal assistant robot for domestic use. Our results indicate that Israeli and German designers share similar perceptions of visual qualities and most of the robotics roles. However, we found differences in the perception of the COVID-19 officer robot's role and, by that, its most suitable visual design. This work indicates that context and culture play a role in users' perceptions and expectations; therefore, they should be taken into account when designing new SARs for diverse contexts.
In the modern knowledge-based and digital economy, the value of knowledge is growing relative to other assets and new intellectual property is being created at an ever-increasing rate. Therefore, the ability to find non-trivial solutions, systematically generate new concepts, and create intellectual property rapidly become crucial to achieving competitive advantage and leveraging the intellectual potential of organizations.
Using patent information for identification of new product features with high market potential
(2014)
The paper conceptualizes the systemic approach for enhancing innovative and competitive capacity of industrial companies (named as Advanced Innovation Design Approach – AIDA) including analysis, optimizations and further development of the innovation process and promoting the innovation climate in industrial companies. The innovation process is understood as a holistic stage-gate system comprising following typical phases with feedback loops and simultaneous auxiliary or follow-up processes: uncovering of solution-neutral customer needs, technology and market trends, identification of the needs and problems with high market potential and formulation of the innovation tasks and strategy, idea generation and problem solving, evaluation and enhancement of solution ideas, creation of innovation concepts based on solution ideas, evaluation of the innovation concepts as well as implementation, validation and market launch of chosen innovation concepts. The article presents the current state of innovation research and discusses the actual status of innovation process in the industrial environment. It defines the future research tasks for amplification of the innovation process with self-configuration, self-optimization, self-diagnostics and intelligent information processing and communication.
The Advanced Innovation Design Approach is a holistic methodology for enhancing innovative and competitive capability of industrial companies. AIDA can be considered as an open mindset, an individually adaptable range of strongest innovation techniques such as comprehensive front-end innovation process, advanced innovation methods, best tools and methods of the TRIZ methodology, organizational measures for accelerating innovation, IT-solutions for Computer-Aided Innovation, and other innovation methods, elaborated in the recent decade in the industry and academia
The European TRIZ Association ETRIA acts as a connecting link between scientific institutions, universities and other educational organizations, industrial companies and individuals concerned with conceptual and practical questions relating to organization of innovation process, invention methods, and innovation knowledge. In the meantime, more than TFC 1000 papers or presentation of scientists, educators, and practitioners from all over the world are available at the official ETRIA website. Numerous research projects were supported or funded by the European Commission.
Silicon edges as one-dimensional waveguides for dispersion-free and supersonic leaky wedge waves
(2012)
Acoustic waves guided by the cleaved edge of a Si(111) crystal were studied using a laser-based angle-tunable transducer for selectively launching isolated wedge or surface modes. A supersonic leaky wedge wave and the fundamental wedge wave were observed experimentally and confirmed theoretically. Coupling of the supersonic wave to shear waves is discussed, and its leakage into the surface acoustic wave was observed directly. The velocity and penetration depth of the wedge waves were determined by contact-free optical probing. Thus, a detailed experimental and theoretical study of linear one-dimensional guided modes in silicon is presented.
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) define the state-of-the-art solution on many perceptual tasks. However, current CNN approaches largely remain vulnerable against adversarial perturbations of the input that have been crafted specifically to fool the system while being quasi-imperceptible to the human eye. In recent years, various approaches have been proposed to defend CNNs against such attacks, for example by model hardening or by adding explicit defence mechanisms. Thereby, a small “detector” is included in the network and trained on the binary classification task of distinguishing genuine data from data containing adversarial perturbations. In this work, we propose a simple and light-weight detector, which leverages recent findings on the relation between networks’ local intrinsic dimensionality (LID) and adversarial attacks. Based on a re-interpretation of the LID measure and several simple adaptations, we surpass the state-of-the-art on adversarial detection by a significant margin and reach almost perfect results in terms of F1-score for several networks and datasets. Sources available at: https://github.com/adverML/multiLID
Running shoes were categorized either as motion control, cushioned, or minimal footwear in the past. Today, these categories blur and are not as clearly defined. Moreover, with the advances in manufacturing processes, it is possible to create individualized running shoes that incorporate features that meet individual biomechanical and experiential needs. However, specific ways to individualize footwear to reduce individual injury risk are poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of (1) footwear design features that have the potential for individualization; (2) human biomechanical variability as a theoretical foundation for individualization; (3) the literature on the differential responses to footwear design features between selected groups of individuals. These purposes focus exclusively on reducing running-related risk factors for overuse injuries. We included studies in the English language on adults that analyzed: (1) potential interaction effects between footwear design features and subgroups of runners or covariates (e.g., age, gender) for running-related biomechanical risk factors or injury incidences; (2) footwear perception for a systematically modified footwear design feature. Most of the included articles (n = 107) analyzed male runners. Several footwear design features (e.g., midsole characteristics, upper, outsole profile) show potential for individualization. However, the overall body of literature addressing individualized footwear solutions and the potential to reduce biomechanical risk factors is limited. Future studies should leverage more extensive data collections considering relevant covariates and subgroups while systematically modifying isolated footwear design features to inform footwear individualization.
Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung der Schulen macht es möglich, die Lerndaten der Schülerinnen und Schüler in einer zentralen Cloud zu speichern. Die Befürworter versprechen sich davon eine bessere individuelle Förderung und fordern eine bundesweite Lösung, um möglichst viele Daten auswerten zu können. Die Gegner befürchten eine automatisierte Steuerung des Lernens.
Elektrische Wärmepumpen sind eine Schlüsseltechnologie für klimafreundliche Gebäude. In Mehrfamilienhäusern ist ihr Einsatz noch eine Herausforderung und entsprechend wenig verbreitet. Im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts "HEAVEN" haben Forschende nun ein Mehrquellen-Wärmepumpensystem entwickelt, das an die Anforderungen größerer Wohngebäude angepasst ist. Getestet wurde es im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts "Smartes Quartier Durlach" in einem Karlsruher Gebäude. Daten zum ersten Betriebsjahr liegen nun vor.
Diese Metadaten wurden zur Verfügung gestellt von der Literaturdatenbank RSWB®plus
Für die Werkstoffe EN GJS700, EN GJV450 und EN GJL250 werden die Lebensdauern unter kombinierter thermomechanischer und hochfrequenter Belastung vorhergesagt. Hierzu wird ein mechanismenbasiertes Lebensdauermodell verwendet, das auf dem Wachstum von Mikrorissen beruht. Das Modell berücksichtigt das Wachstum von Rissen durch nieder- und überlagerte hochfrequente Belastungszyklen. Anhand von einachsigen Ermüdungsversuchen wurden die Parameter des Lebensdauermodells angepasst, sodass eine bestmögliche Lebensdauervorhersage erzielt wird. Dabei stimmen die vorhergesagten Lebensdauern gut mit den experimentell ermittelten Zyklenzahlen zum Versagen überein.
Immer mehr internationale Unternehmen stellen mit Hilfe von Ethikregeln („Codes of Ethics” oder „Codes of Conduct”) konzernweite Verhaltensstandards für die Belegschaft auf. Diese Regeln sollen weltweit einheitlich sein und werden deshalb oft von den Konzernmuttergesellschaften für die jeweiligen nationalen Tochtergesellschaften zwingend vorgegeben. Da die Zulässigkeit solcher Regeln aber auf der Grundlage der jeweiligen nationalen Rechtsordnungen zu prüfen ist, kommt es wegen der hier anzutreffenden Unterschiede häufig zu Kollisionen. Im Folgenden sollen deshalb zunächst Hintergrund und Inhalt solcher Ethikregeln in internationalen Unternehmen dargestellt und sodann die arbeitsrechtlichen Voraussetzungen für wirksame Verhaltensanforderungen in Deutschland aufgezeigt werden.
We have developed a methodology for the systematic generation of a large image dataset of macerated wood references, which we used to generate image data for nine hardwood genera. This is the basis for a substantial approach to automate, for the first time, the identification of hardwood species in microscopic images of fibrous materials by deep learning. Our methodology includes a flexible pipeline for easy annotation of vessel elements. We compare the performance of different neural network architectures and hyperparameters. Our proposed method performs similarly well to human experts. In the future, this will improve controls on global wood fiber product flows to protect forests.
Die Folgen ungenügender Entlüftung wurden durch Umfragen bei Konstrukteuren und Werkzeugmachern aus sechs Betrieben ermittelt und sind für Formteil, Werkzeug, Spritzgießprozeß ebenso tabellarisch wie die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Entlüftungen (in der Trennebene und Kavität) dargestellt. Im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit wurden mit Hilfe eines speziellen Versuchswerkzeuges die Auswirkungen der Entlüftung auf den Spritzgießablauf, das Formteil und das Verhalten bei teilevakuierter Kavität (der Einfluß des Evakuierungsgrades auf die gemittelte Füllhöhe wird anhand einer Kurve erläutert) untersucht. Die Konstanz der Werkzeuginnendrücke, die Berechenbarkeit der Druckabfälle (Tabelle mit Druckabfällen in Abhängigkeit der Entlüftungsspaltgeometrie), die Entlüftungselemente (bewegliche haben den Vorzug der Selbstreinigung) und das Einspritzen unter teilevakuierter Kavität werden beschrieben. Der Einfluß der Werkzeugentlüftung umfaßt die Spalttiefe des Entlüftungskanals, die Größe des Expansionsraumes und den Anschluß an die Dichtkante des Expansionsraumes.
The Raman spectra from the chemical compounds toluene and cyclohexane obtained using a Fourier Transform (FT)-Raman spectrometer prototype have been contrasted with the Raman spectra of these same materials collected with two different commercial FT-Raman devices. The FT-Raman spectrometer consist of a Michelson interferometer, a self-designed photon counter and a reference photo-detector. The evaluation methodology of the spectral information, contrary to the commercial devices that commonly use the zero-crossing method, is carried out by re-sampling the Raman scattering and by accurately extracting the optical path information of the Michelson interferometer. The FTRaman arrangement has been built using conventional parts without disregarding the spectral frequency precision that usually such a FTRaman instruments deliver. No additional complex hardware components or costly software modules have been included in this FT-Raman device. The main Raman lines from the spectra obtained with the three FT-Raman devices have been compared with the Raman lines from the standard Raman spectra of these two materials. The values obtained using the FT-Raman spectrometer prototype have shown a frequency accuracy comparable to that obtained with the commercial devices without facing the need for a large investment. Although the proposed FT-Raman prototype cannot be directly compared to the last generation of FT-Raman spectrometers from the commercial manufacturers, such a device could give an opportunity to users that require high frequency precision in their spectral analysis and are provided with rather scarce resources.
La industria del bacanora en Sonora, México, enfrenta la influencia de una compleja red de factores culturales, tecnológicos, económicos y legales que inhiben su desarrollo. Ello ocurre pese al esfuerzo institucional por radicar un marco normativo que elimine la práctica de los métodos informales de elaboración que derivan en calidades heterogéneas de licor. El conseguirlo se complica ante la dificultad que enfrentan los actores de esta industria para implementar prácticas efectivas de verificación de las normas vigentes en los confines de la geografía de la Denominación de Origen. En este documento se describe el uso de un prototipo de espectrómetro Raman por transformada de Fourier para analizar cualitativamente muestras desconocidas de bacanora. Este dispositivo se construyó con el uso de un interferómetro Michelson convencional, un contador de fotones de diseño propio y un foto-detector de referencia. Los resultados del trabajo confirman que dada su naturaleza de diseño y construcción, este instrumento de medición y su efectiva técnica de operación a bajo costo, constituye una alternativa viable, adaptable fácilmente a las necesidades de los actores productivos e institucionales, para asistirlos en la elaboración de bacanora y a la verificación de su calidad conforme a los criterios de la normatividad.
Um eine gleichbleibende Mahrspalthoehe und gleichmaessige Lastverteilung waehrend des Betriebes zu erreichen, werden Mahlwalzen bombiert hergestellt. Das theoretische Bombierungsprofil wird aus der elastischen Walzenverformung bei gegebener Belastung abgeleitet. Die Verformung kann mit Finiten Elementen berechnet werden. Werden zwei Walzen mit zylindrischer Oberflaeche gegeneinander gedrueckt, so ergibt sich ein nichtlinearer Kontakt. Die Druckverteilung laengs der Walze laesst sich unter Hinzunahme von Einflusszahlen mit Hilfe eines linearen Gleichungssystems ermitteln. Die Autoren untersuchen mit diesem Berechnungsverfahren die Wirkungen unterschiedlicher Bombierungen und den Einfluss von veraenderter Anpresskraft. (Rohlf)
(1) Background: Little is known about the baroque composer Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757), whose life was centred behind closed doors at the royal court in Spain. There are no reports about his illnesses. From his compositions, mainly for harpsichord, an outstanding virtuosity can be read. (2) Case Presentation: In this case report, the only known oil painting of Domenico Scarlatti is presented, on which he is about 50 years old. In it one recognizes conspicuous hands with hints of watch glass nails and drumstick fingers. (3) Discussion: Whether Scarlatti had chronic hypoxia of peripheral body regions as a sign of, e.g., bronchial cancer or a severe heart disease, is not known. (4) Conclusions: The above-mentioned signs recorded in the oil painting, even if they were not interpretable at that time, are clearly represented and recorded for us and are open to diagnostic discussion from today's point of view.
Die “Selbstbetrachtungen” des Marc Aurel – medizinisch-ethische Betrachtungen des Menschseins
(2013)
Who is Who? Joseph Fourier
(2015)
The aim of this data collection is to enforce evidence of SCS effectiveness in treating neuropathic chronic pain and the very low percentage of undesired side effects of complications reported in our case series suggests that all implants should be performed by similarly well-trained and experienced professionals.
Hatte Maria einen Jodmangel?
(2019)
Auch wenn sie im Internet-Zeitalter zu einer Normalität werden, bleiben Ferndiagnosen unter Medizinern umstritten. Erst recht vorsichtig sollte man sein, wenn es sich bei dem Patienten um die leibliche Mutter Gottes handelt. Doch wenn man in diesem Gemälde eine authentische Dokumentation sieht, ist der Befund eindeutig: Maria hatte zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt ihres berühmten Sohns auffällig lange und schlanke Finger sowie eine Struma des Grads II bis III.