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To this date, it is difficult to find high-level statistics on YouTube that paint a fair picture of the platform in its entirety. This study attempts to provide an overall characterization of YouTube, based on a random sample of channel and video data, by showing how video provision and consumption evolved over the course of the past 10 years. It demonstrates stark contrasts between video genres in terms of channels, uploads and views, and that a vast majority of on average 85% of all views goes to a small minority of 3% of all channels. The analytical results give evidence that older channels have a significantly higher probability to garner a large viewership, but also show that there has always been a small chance for young channels to become successful quickly, depending on whether they choose their genre wisely.
Die Untersuchungen der Hochschule Offenburg zeigen, dass es durch organische Korrosions-schutzschichten im Kraftfluss von Schraubenverbindungen nicht zu einem verfrühten Abschal-ten der streckgrenzengesteuerten Schraubmontage kommt. Die fünf untersuchten Lacksysteme zeigten ein sehr unterschiedliches Reibverhalten, der Anzugsvorgang wurde jedoch zuverlässig bei Erreichen der Schraubenstreckgrenze beendet. Durch den ermittelten Drehmo-ment/Drehwinkelverlauf lässt sich das streckgrenzengesteuerte Anzugsverfahren als Analyste-tool einsetzen, wodurch für den jeweiligen Schraubfall auch Rückschlüsse auf anderen Anzugs-verfahren getroffen werden können. Des Weiteren zeigte sich, dass Pulverlacksysteme wider-standsfähiger gegen die bei der Montage wirkenden Belastungen sind und eine Montage direkt auf Lack ermöglichen können.
In einer SAW-Vorrichtung, welche einen SAW-Chip umfasst, der einen SAW-Wandler aufweist, welcher innerhalb einer ersten Signalleitung angeordnet ist, werden Parasitärsignale infolge höherer Harmonischer der Betriebsfrequenz der SAW-Vorrichtungen durch Kompensationsmittel elektrisch beseitigt, welche zumindest eine zweite Signalleitung mit Mitteln zum Erzeugen eines Aufhebungssignals, das im Vorzeichen oder in der Phase vom Parasitärsignal verschieden ist, oder eine Nebenschlussleitung zum elektrischen Verbinden des SAW-Wandlers mit einer rückseitigen Metallisierung des SAW-Chips umfassen.
Grundzüge der Strömungslehre
(2018)
Dieses ausgereifte Lehrbuch bringt in prägnant kurzer und mathematisch verständlicher Darstellung die strömungstechnischen Grundlagen. In der aktuellen Auflage wurde ein Abschnitt zu Dissipation und Viskosen Potentialströmungen ergänzt. Aufgaben mit Lösungen helfen den Lernstoff richtig anzuwenden und fördern das Verständnis.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with hemodynamic
optimized biventricular pacing is an established
therapy for heart failure patients with sinus rhythm,
reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and wide QRS
complex. The aim of the study was to evaluate electrical
right and left cardiac atrioventricular delay and left atrial
delay in CRT responder and non-responder with sinus
rhythm. Methods: Heart failure patients with New York
Heart Association class 3.0 ± 0.3, sinus rhythm and
27.7 ± 6.1% left ventricular ejection fraction were measured
by surface ECG and transesophageal bipolar left
atrial and left ventricular ECG before implantation of
CRT devices. Electrical right cardiac atrioventricular
delay was measured between onset of P wave and onset
of QRS complex in the surface ECG, left cardiac
atrioventricular delay between onset of left atrial signal
and onset of left ventricular signal in the transesophageal
ECG and left atrial delay between onset and offset of left
atrial signal in the transesophageal ECG. Results: Electrical
atrioventricular and left atrial delay were
196.9 ± 38.7 ms right and 194.5 ± 44.9 ms left cardiac
atrioventricular delay, and 47.7 ± 13.9 ms left atrial
delay. There were positive correlation between right and
left cardiac atrioventricular delay (r = 0.803 P < 0.001)
and negative correlation between left atrial delay and left
ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.694 P = 0.026) with
67% CRT responder. Conclusions: Transesophageal
electrical left cardiac atrioventricular delay and left atrial
delay may be useful preoperative atrial desynchronization
parameters to improve CRT optimization.
Targeting complex fractionated atrial electrocardiograms by automated algorithms during ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation has produced conflicting outcomes in previous electrophysiological studies and catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate atrial and ventricular high frequency fractionated electrical signals with signal averaging technique.
Methods: Signal averaging electrocardigraphy allows high resolution ECG technique to eliminate interference noise signals in the recorded ECG. The algorithm use automatic ECG trigger function for signal averaged transthoracic, transesophageal and intra-cardiac ECG signals with novel LabVIEW software.
Results: The analysis in the time domain evaluated fractionated atrial signals at the end of the signal averaged P-wave and fractionated ventricular signals at the end of the QRS complex. We evaluated atrial flutter in the time domain with two-to-one atrioventricular conduction, 212.0 ± 4.1 ms atrial cycle length, 426.0 ± 8.2 ms ventricular cycle length, 58.2 ± 1.8 ms P-wave duration, 119.6 ± 6.4 ms PQ duration, 103.0 ± 2.4 ms QRS duration and 296.4 ± 6.8 ms QT duration. The analysis in the frequency domain evaluated high frequency fractionated atrial signals during the P-wave and high frequency fractionated ventricular signals during QRS complex.
Conclusions: Spectral analysis of signal averaging electrocardiography with novel LabVIEW software can be utilized to evaluate atrial and ventricular conduction delays in patients with atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Complex fractionated atrial and ventricular electrocardiograms may be useful parameters to evaluate electrical cardiac bradycardia and tachycardia signals in atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia ablation.
Kreditsicherungsrecht
(2018)
Das Standardlehrbuch zum internationalen Steuerrecht
Kenntnisse im internationalen Steuerrecht werden in der steuerlichen Ausbildung immer wichtiger. Mit dem „Wilke“ sichern Sie sich einen umfassenden und fundierten Einstieg in diese komplexe Materie.
Leicht verständlich und anschaulich vermittelt dieses Standardlehrbuch Ihnen alle relevanten Grundlagen des internationalen Steuerrechts. Der Aufbau des Buchs orientiert sich dabei sowohl an den Bedürfnissen der Ausbildung als auch denen der Praxis. Als idealer Begleiter unterstützt es Sie in jeder Phase Ihrer beruflichen Entwicklung – von den ersten Schritten in der Steuerberater-Ausbildung bis hin zur erfolgreich abgeschlossenen Weiterbildung zum Fachberater für Internationales Steuerrecht.
Die 14. Auflage berücksichtigt die Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet des internationalen Steuerrechts in Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung, Literatur und Verwaltung bis Ende Oktober 2018.
Rechtsstand: 1.11.2018
Die digitale Transformation als Vernetzung von Menschen, Organisationen, Maschinen, bis hin zu simplen Gegenständen des täglichen Lebens hat mehr oder weniger starke Auswirkungen auf alle Lebensbereiche. Künstliche Intelligenz und autonome technische Systeme haben direkte Auswirkungen auf die Autonomie des Einzelnen, was neue Fragen für Wissenschaft und Praxis aufwirft. In unterschiedlichen Beiträgen werden Autonomiegewinne und -verluste skizziert, die sich unter anderem im Bereich des Rechts, der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, in Kunst und Gestaltung, bei Kundenbeziehungen, Kryptowährungen, Medieninhalten sowie im digitalen Arbeitsalltag feststellen lassen. Kritische Entwicklungen wie digitale Sorglosigkeit und Tools und Verfahren wie Projektmanagementsoftware oder predictive analytics gilt es dabei zu bewerten. Damit liefert dieser Band einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Diskussion, zeigt Zusammenhänge auf und sensibilisiert für die Gestaltung des digitalen Wandels.
Bildung statt Profilbildung
(2018)
A method for determining properties of a pipeline includes feeding a sound wave signal at a predetermined feed point into the pipeline so that the sound wave signal propagates in an axial direction of the pipeline. The frequency spectrum of the transmitted sound wave signal has a frequency component or a spectral range with a maximum frequency that is smaller than the lower limit frequency for the first upper mode. Reflected portions of the transmitted sound wave signal are detected as received sound wave signal and are evaluated with regard to the transmitted sound wave signal to determine at least the distance of each reflection site from the feed point.
The production of potable water in dry areas nowadays is mainly done by the desalination of seawater. State of the art desalination plants usually are built with high production capacities and consume a lot of electrical energy or energy from primary resources such as oil. This causes difficulties in rural areas, where no infrastructure is available neither for the plants’ energy supply nor the distribution of the produced potable water. To address this need, small, self-sustaining and locally operated desalination plants came into the focus of research. In this work, a novel flash evaporator design is proposed which can be driven either by solar power or by low temperature waste heat. It offers low operation costs as well as easy maintenance. The results of an experimental setup operated with water at a feed flow rate of up to 1,600 l/h are presented. It is shown that the proof of concept regarding efficient evaporation as well as efficient gas-liquid separation is provided successfully. The experimental evaporation yield counts for 98 % of the vapor content that is expected from the vapor pressure curve of water. Neither measurements of the electrical conductivity of the gained condensate, nor the analysis of the vapor flow by optical methods show significant droplet entrainment, so there are no concerns regarding the purity of the produced condensate for the use as drinking water.
BGH "Dashcam"
(2018)
Human-robot collaboration plays a strong role in industrial production processes. The ISO/TS 15066 defines four different methods of collaboration between humans and robots. So far, there was no robotic system available that incorporates all four collaboration methods at once. Especially for the speed and separation monitoring, there was no sensor system available that can easily be attached directly to an off-the-shelf industrial robot arm and that is capable of detecting obstacles in distances from a few millimeters up to five meters. This paper presented first results of using a 3D time-of-flight camera directly on an industrial robot arm for obstacle detection in human-robot collaboration. We attached a Visionary-T camera from SICK to the flange of a KUKA LBR iiwa 7 R800. With Matlab, we evaluated the pictures and found that it works very well for detecting obstacles in a distance range starting from 0.5 m and up to 5 m.
We present a novel approach that utilizes BLE packets sent from generic BLE capable radios to synthesize an FSK-(like) addressable wake-up packet. A wake-up receiver system was developed from off-the-shelf components to detect these packets. It makes use of two differential signal paths separated by passive band-pass filters. After the rectification of each channel a differential amplifier compares the signals and the resulting wake-up signal is evaluated by an AS3933 wake-up receiver IC. Overall, the combination of these techniques contributes to a BLE compatible wake-up system which is more robust than traditional OOK wake-up systems. Thus, increasing wake-up range, while still maintaining a low energy budget. The proof-of-concept setup achieved a sensitivity of -47.8 dBm at a power consumption of 18.5 uW during passive listening. The system has a latency of 31.8 ms with a symbol rate of 1437 Baud.
Modelling detailed chemistry in lithium-ion batteries: Insight into performance, ageing and safety
(2018)
The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol has been designed to provide end-to-end security over unreliable communication links. Where its connection establishment is concerned, DTLS copes with potential loss of protocol messages by implementing its own loss detection and retransmission scheme. However, the default scheme turns out to be suboptimal for links with high transmission error rates and low data rates, such as wireless links in electromagnetically harsh industrial environments. Therefore, in this paper, as a first step we provide an analysis of the standard DTLS handshake's performance under such adverse transmission conditions. Our studies are based on simulations that model message loss as the result of bit transmission errors. We consider several handshake variants, including endpoint authentication via pre-shared keys or certificates. As a second step, we propose and evaluate modifications to the way message loss is dealt with during the handshake, making DTLS deployable in situations which are prohibitive for default DTLS.
BGH "Preisportal"
(2018)
LG Frankfurt/M. "Hooligan"
(2018)
LG München I "Lieferfrist"
(2018)