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- Fakultät Medien (M) (ab 22.04.2021) (27)
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The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the lean accounting transformation, which involves applying lean management principles to the accounting domain. In recent years, various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and services, have experienced success with lean management practices. Nevertheless, the implementation of lean accounting within financial management has not been as extensively explored. This research aims to bridge that gap by scrutinizing the benefits and potential drawbacks of adopting lean accounting practices in business operations.
This research uses a combination of qualitative techniques and an extensive literature review to better understand the present subject matter. By describing the ideas of lean management and standard accounting and highlighting the fundamental distinctions between the two systems, the literature study lays a theoretical framework. The case studies illustrate the benefits of adopting lean accounting processes with real-world examples of firms that have made the transition effectively.
In the quantitative analysis of lean accounting's impact, both financial and operational factors are examined extensively. The results indicate that companies embracing lean accounting practices experience significant improvements in productivity, cost reduction, and decisionmaking quality. By highlighting the potential gains to be made by incorporating lean techniques into accounting procedures, this study adds to the current body of information on lean management. The findings offer practical implications for accounting professionals, business leaders, and policymakers interested in leveraging lean accounting to drive organizational performance improvement. The thesis finishes with suggestions for further study in this area, lean accounting.
Risk-based Cybermaturity Assessment Model - Protecting the company against ransomware attacks
(2023)
Ransomware has become one of the most catastrophic attacks in the previous decade, hurting businesses of all sorts worldwide. So, no organization is safe, and most companies are reviewing their ransomware defensive solutions to avoid business and operational hazards. IT departments are using cybersecurity maturity assessment frameworks like CMMC, C2M2, CMMI, NIST, CIS, CPP, and others to analyze organization security capabilities. In addition to maturity assessment models for the process layer and human pillar, there are much research on the analysis, identification, and defense of cyber threats in product/software layers that propose state-of-the-art approaches.
This motivates a comprehensive ransomware cyber security solution. Then, a crucial question arises: “How companies can measure the security maturity of controls in a specific danger for example for Ransomware attack?” Several studies and frameworks addressed this subject.
Complexity of understanding the ransomware attack, Lack of comprehensive ransomware defense solutions and Lack of cybermaturity assessment model for ransomware defense solutions are different aspects of problem statement in this study. By considering the most important limitations to developing a ransomware defense cybermaturity assessment method, this study developed a cybermaturity assessment methodology and implemented a Toolkit to conduct cyber security self-assessment specifically for ransomware attack to provide a clearer vision for enterprises to analyze the security maturity of controls regardless of industry or size.
Die Vision vom "Internet der Dinge" prägt seit Jahren Forschung und Entwicklung, wenn es um smarte Technologien und die Vernetzung von Geräten geht. In der Zukunft wird die reale Welt zunehmend mit dem Internet verknüpft, wodurch zahlreiche Gegenstände (Dinge) des normalen Alltags dazu befähigt werden, zu interagieren und sowohl online als auch autark zu kommunizieren. Viele Branchen wie Medizin, Automobilbau, Energieversorgung und Unterhaltungselektronik sind gleichermaßen betroffen, wodurch trotz Risiken auch neues wirtschaftliches Potential entsteht. Im Bereich "Connected Home" sind bereits Lösungen vorhanden, mittels intelligenter Vernetzung von Haushaltsgeräten und Sensoren, die Lebensqualität in den eigenen vier Wänden zu erhöhen. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thread Protokoll; einer neuen Technologie zur Integration mehrerer Kommunikationsschnittstellen innerhalb eines Netzwerks. Darüber hinaus wird die Implementierung auf Netzwerkebene (Network Layer) vorgestellt, sowie aufbereitete Informationen bezüglich verwendeter Technologien dargestellt.
The cellulase-producing Trichoderma reesei strain RL-P37 exhibits significant potential, yielding 7.3 g/L of cellulase in 241 hours. Microscopic investigations reveal a link between spore formation and enzyme production, suggesting the need for research into the intricate relationship between enzyme production, stress responses, and the nutritional prerequisites of fungi. Comparatively, the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment, as opposed to water treatment, results in the reduction of micronutrient content and carbon source extraction as filtrate. Despite these challenges, research by He et al. (2021) highlights NaOH's efficiency in cellulose extraction from plant-based sources. Using NaOH pretreatment can be proven as effective by designing a proper cultivation method. The selection of inducers for enzyme induction gains importance, with soluble inducers, as emphasized by Zhang et al. (2022), exhibiting superior effectiveness. Hence, adopting soluble inducers in designing cultivation methods for improved enzyme production in shaking flasks is recommended. Enzymatic treatment of bio-waste, as outlined by Hu et al. (2021), shows promise in augmenting essential component content by breaking down plant cell walls and intercellular compartments. However, the feasibility of using an artificial bio-waste medium for cultivating Trichoderma reesei is questioned. Investigating the impact of micronutrient levels, particularly the inhibitory role of zinc, on fungal growth becomes essential. These findings underscore the necessity for ongoing research and optimization in cellulase production, emphasizing both strain productivity and cultivation methodologies.
Increasing global energy demand and the need to transition to sustainable energy sources to mitigate climate change, highlights the need for innovative approaches to improve the resilience and sustainability of power grids. This study focuses on addressing these challenges in the context of Morocco's evolving energy landscape, where increasing energy demand and efforts to integrate renewable energy require grid reinforcement strategies. Using renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies, this study aims to develop a methodology for strengthening rural community grids in Morocco.
Traditional reinforcement measures such as line and transformer upgrades will be investigated as well as the integration of power generation from photovoltaic systems, which offer a promising way to utilise Morocco's abundant solar resources. In addition, energy storage systems will be analysed as potential solutions to the challenges of grid stability and resilience. Using comprehensive data analysis, scenario planning and simulation methods with the open-source simulation software Panda Power, this study aims to assess the impact of different grid reinforcement measures, including conventional methods, photovoltaic integration, and the use of energy storage, on grid performance and sustainability. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a more resilient and sustainable energy future in Morocco.
Based on a rural medium-voltage grid in Souihla, Morocco, three scenarios were carried out to assess the impact of demand growth in 2030 and 2040. The first scenario focuses on conventional grid reinforcement measures, while the second scenario incorporates energy from residential photovoltaic systems. The third scenario analyses the integration of storage systems and their impact on grid reinforcement in 2030.
The simulations with energy from photovoltaic systems show a reduction in grid reinforcement measures compared to the scenario without solar energy. In addition, the introduction of a storage system in 2030 led to a significant reduction in the required installed transformer capacity and fewer congested lines. Furthermore, the results emphasized the role of storage in stabilizing grid voltage levels.
In summary, the results highlighted the potential benefits of integrating energy from photovoltaics and storage into the grid. This integration not only reduces the need for transformers and overall grid infrastructure but also promotes a more efficient and sustainable energy system.
Communication protocols enable information exchange between different information systems. If protocol descriptions for these systems are not available, they can be reverse-engineered for interoperability or security reasons. This master thesis describes the analysis of such a proprietary binary protocol, named the DVRIP or Dahua private protocol from Dahua Technology. The analysis contains the identification of the DVRIP protocol header format, security mechanisms and vulnerabilities inside the protocol implementation. With the revealing insights of the protocol, an increase of the overall security is achieved. This thesis builds the foundation for further targeted security analyses.
Webassembly is a new technology to create application in a new way. Webassembly is being developed since 2017 by the worldwide web consortium (w3c). The primary task of webassembly is to improve web applications.
Today, more and more applications are being created as web applications. Web applications have some advantages - they are platform independent and even mobile platforms can run them, and no installation is needed apart from a modern web browser.
Currently, web applications are being developed in JavaScript (JS), hypertext mark-up language 5 (HTML 5), and cascading style sheets (CSS).
These technologies are not made for huge web applications, but they should not be replaced by webassembly; rather, webassembly is an extension to the currently existing technology.
The purpose of webassembly is to fix or improve the problems in web application development.
This master’s thesis reviews all of the aspects and checks whether the promises of webassembly are kept and where problems still exist.
The growing threat posed by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), represents a significant challenge in modern medicine. Traditional antibiotic therapies are often ineffective against these pathogens, leading to high mortality rates. MDR Kp infections pose a novel challenge in military medical contexts, particularly in Medical Biodefense, as they can be deliberately spread, leading to resource-intensive care in military centres. Recognizing this issue, the European Defence Agency initiated a prioritised research project in 2023 (EDF Resilience PHAGE- SGA 2023). To address this challenge, the Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB) leads BMBF- (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and EU-funded projects on the use of bacteriophages as adjuvant therapy alongside antibiotics. Since 2017, the IMB has isolated and characterised Kp phages, collecting over 600 isolates and optimizing their production for therapy, in compliance with the EMA (European Medicine Agency) guidelines. This involves in vitro phage genome packaging to minimize endotoxin load, reduce manufacturing costs, and shorten production times. The goal of this work was to establish MinION sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technology) as a quick and reliable way for initial identification and characterisation of phage genomes. Especially as a quick screening method for isolated on Kp, prior to more precise but also more expensive and time consuming sequencing methods like Illumina. This characterisation is crucial for developing a personalized pipeline aimed at producing magistral or Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) quality medicinal phage solutions tailored individually for each patient. DNA extraction methods were compared to identify suitable input DNA for sequencing purposes. Additionally, the quality of this DNA was as- sessed to determine its suitability for in vitro phage packaging, which was successfully done achieving a phage titer of 103, confirming that the DNA used for MinION sequencing could indeed be used for acellular packaging. The created genomes were annotated and compared with Illumina sequencing, revealing high similarity in all five individually tested cases. Between the generated sequences only a 4% maximal percentual difference in genome size was observed, while simultaneously showing high similarity in the actual sequence. Throughout the course of this study, a total of 645.15 GB of sequencing data were generated. In total, 38 phages were successfully characterised, with 21 phage genomes assembled and annotated, and saved in the IMB database.
The effects of climate change, including severe storms, heat waves, and melting glaciers, are highlighted as an urgent concern, emphasising the need to decrease carbon emissions to restrict global warming to 1.5°C. To accomplish this goal, it is vital to substitute fossil fuel-based power plants with renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biofuels. Despite some progress being made, the proportion of renewables used in generating electricity is still lower than the levels needed for 2030 and 2050. Decarbonising the power grid is also critical in lowering the energy consumption of buildings, which is responsible for a substantial percentage of worldwide electricity usage. Even though there has been substantial expansion in the worldwide renewable energy market in the past 15 years, the transition to renewable energy sources also requires taking into account the importance of energy trading.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading is an emerging type of energy exchange that can revolutionise the energy sector by providing a more decentralised and efficient way of trading energy. This research deals about P2P electricity trading in a carbon-neutral scenario. 'Python for Power System Analysis' (PyPSA) was used to develop models through which the P2P effect was tested. Data for the entire state of Baden-Württemberg (BW) was collected. Three scenarios were taken into consideration while developing models: 2019 (base), 2030 (coal phase-out), and 2040(climate neutral). Alongside this, another model with no P2P trading was developed to make a comparison. In addition, the use case of community storage in a P2P trading network is also presented.
The research concludes that P2P has a significant positive effect on a pathway to achieve climate neutrality. The findings show that the share of renewables in electricity generation is increasing compared to conventional sources in BW, which can be traded to meet the demand. From the storage analysis, it can be concluded that community storage can be effectively utilised in P2P trading. While the emissions are reduced, the operating costs are also reduced when the grid has P2P trading available. By highlighting the benefits of P2P trading, this research contributed to the growing body of research on the effectiveness of P2P trading in an electricity network grid.
The Lattice Boltzmann Method is a useful tool to calculate fluid flow and acoustic effects at the same time. Although the acoustic perturbation is much smaller than normal pressure differences in fluid flow, this direct calculation is a great advantage of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). But each border used in calculation produces a multitude of reflections with the acoustic waves, which lead to an unusable result. Therefore, it is worked on different absorbing techniques.
In this thesis three absorbing layer techniques are described, explained and reviewed with different simulations. The absorbing layers are implemented in a basic LBM code in C++, and with this umpteen simulations within a box were performed to compare the different absorbing layers. The Doppler effect and a cylinder flow are also examined to compare the damping efficiencies.
The three studied absorbing techniques are the sponge layer, the perfectly matched layer and a force based Term II absorbing layer. The sponge layer is easy to implement but gives worse results than a calculation without any absorbing layer. The perfectly matched layer and a force based absorbing term provide very good results but the perfectly matched layer has problems with instability. The force based absorbing layer represents the best compromise between the additional computation time due the absorbing layer and the achieved damping efficiency.