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Online grocery shopping (OGS) has significantly risen due to accelerated retail digitization and reshaped consumer shopping behaviors over the last years. Despite this trend, the German online grocery market lags behind its international counterparts. Notably, with almost half of the German population aged over 50 and the 55–64 age group emerging as the largest user segment in e-commerce, the over-50 demographic presents an attractive yet relatively overlooked audience for the expansion of the online grocery market. However, research on OGS behavior among German over-50s is scarce. This study addresses this gap, empirically investigating OGS adoption factors within this demographic through an online survey with 179 respondents. Our findings reveal that over a third of the over-50 demographic has embraced OGS, indicating a growing receptivity for OGS among the over-50s. Notably, home delivery, product variety, convenience, and curiosity emerged as primary drivers for OGS adoption among this demographic. Surprisingly, most adopters did not increase online grocery orders since 2020 and a not inconsiderable proportion have even stopped buying groceries online again. For potential OGS adopters, regional product availability turned out as a motivator, signaling substantial growth potential and providing online grocers with strategic opportunities to target this demographic. In light of our research, we offer practical suggestions to online grocery retailers, aiming to overcome barriers and capitalize on key drivers identified in our study for sustained growth in the over-50 market segment.
In a dynamic global landscape, the role of UK Export Finance (UKEF) and other export credit agencies (ECAs) has never been more important. Access to finance is critical for exporters as it enables them to invest in production, expand operations, manage cash flow and mitigate trade risks. However, businesses face challenges in securing export finance and trade credit insurance as geopolitical and trade megatrends lead to increased political, market and credit risks. Drawing on qualitative data from 35 semi-structured interviews and expert discussions and based on the Futures Triangle analytical framework, this white paper analyses the geopolitical and trade megatrends that UKEF and other ECAs will face in the coming years. It presents novel findings about the implications for ECA mandates, strategies, products and operations: The evolution of mandates towards a “growth promoter”, the need to further scale up operations, the use of big data and artificial intelligence for risk analysis and forecasting, and the need to balance multiple and conflicting priorities, including export growth, support for small and medium-sized exporters, inclusive trade, climate action, and positive impact in developing markets.
Social Media hat für Unternehmen der Medienbranche mehrere Dimensionen. Es sind Wettbewerbsmedien im Kampf um Marktanteile im Nutzer- und Werbemarkt, aber auch neue Kommunikationskanäle und Umfelder für die Entwicklung und Vermarktung neuer eigener Social-Media-Produkte. Entsprechend ist die Integration der Möglichkeiten sozialer Medien in die strategische Planung von Medienunternehmen seit der Jahrtausendwende mehr und mehr zum Erfolgsfaktor geworden; ein Thema, das in die digitale Transformationsstrategie eingebettet werden muss.
Strong security measures are required to protect sensitive data and provide ongoing service as a result of the rising reliance on online applications for a range of purposes, including e-commerce, social networking, and commercial activities. This has brought to light the necessity of strengthening security measures. There have been multiple incidents of attackers acquiring access to information, holding providers hostage with distributed denial of service attacks, or accessing the company’s network by compromising the application.
The Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) has published a comprehensive set of information security principles and standards that can be utilized as a solid basis for the development of a web application that is secure.
The purpose of this thesis is to build and construct a secure web application that adheres to the requirements established in the BSI guideline. This will be done in order to answer the growing concerns regarding the security of web applications. We will also evaluate the efficacy of the recommendations by conducting security tests on the prototype application and determining whether or not the vulnerabilities that are connected with a web application that is not secure have been mitigated.
The research employed HPTLC Pro System and other HPTLC instruments from CAMAG® to conduct various laboratory tests, aiming to compile a database for subsequent analyses. Utilizing MATLAB, distinct codes were developed to reveal patterns within analyzed biomasses and pyrolysis oils (sewage sludge, fermentation residue, paper sludge, and wood). Through meticulous visual and numerical analysis, shared characteristics among different biomasses and their respective pyrolysis oils were revealed, showcasing close similarities within each category. Notably, minimal disparity was observed in fermentation residue and wood biomasses with a similarity coefficient of 0.22. Similarly, for pyrolysis oils, the minimal disparity was found in fermentation residues 1 and 3, with a disparity coefficient of 1.41. Despite higher disparity coefficients in certain results, specific biomasses and pyrolysis oils, such as fermentation residue and sewage sludge, exhibited close similarities, with disparity coefficients of 0.18 and 0.55, respectively. The database, derived from triplicate experimentation, now serves as a valuable resource for rapid analysis of newly acquired raw materials. Additionally, the utility of HPTLC PRO as an investigation tool, enabling simultaneous analysis of up to five samples, was emphasized, although areas for improvement in derivatization methods were identified.
Though the basic concept of a ledger that anyone can view and verify has been around for quite some time, today’s blockchains bring much more to the table including a way to incentivize users. The coins given to the miner or validator were the first source of such incentive to make sure they fulfilled their duties. This thesis draws inspiration from other peer efforts and uses this same incentive to achieve certain goals. Primarily one where users are incentivised to discuss their opinions and find scientific or logical backing for their standpoint. While traditional chains form a consensus on a version of financial "truth", the same can be applied to ideological truths too. To achieve this, creating a modified or scaled proof of stake consensus mechanism is explored in this work. This new consensus mechanism is a Reputation Scaled - Proof of Stake. This reputation can be built over time by voting for the winning side consistently or by sticking to one’s beliefs strongly. The thesis hopes to bridge the gap in current consensus algorithms and incentivize critical reasoning.
Das Ziel in dieser Arbeit ist die Programmierung von einem Mikroprozessor, der als ein Richtmikrofon verwendet wird, um unterschiedlichen Richtcharakteristiken zu erzeugen.
Dabei stellt sich die Frage: Ist es möglich ein Mikroprozessor so zu programmieren, dass er eine Stereoaufnahme so verarbeiten kann, sodass unterschiedliche Richtcharakteristiken erzeugt werden könnten?
Um die Frage zu beantworten, wurde eine technische Ausarbeitung von einem Mikroprozessor und seine Programmierung benötigt. Diese befasst sich mit der Programmierung in C++ / Arduino IDE des Mikrokontrollers und eigene Erstellung von Tests, um die Ergebnisse darzustellen.
Als weitere Basis wurden nur verbraucherorientierten Mikroprozessoren untersucht und die beste Möglichkeit wurde ausgesucht und weiterentwickelt. Zudem lag der Fokus auf der Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse.
Jeder Mensch ist ständig unfreiwillig von einer Flut akustischer Reize umgeben. Diese Situation stellt für Menschen mit Hörverlust eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Menschen mit Hörverlust hören durch Hörgeräte zwar alles verstärkt, jedoch stellt sich die Frage, ob ein Hörgerät lediglich eine einfache Verstärkung von Schallwellen ist oder ob es darüber hinausgehende Funktionen bieten kann.
Die vorliegende Thesis widmet sich der akustischen Szenenanalyse in Hörgeräten, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Integration von Machine Learning liegt. Das Ziel besteht darin, eine automatisierte Erkennung und Anpassung an verschiedene akustische Situationen zu ermöglichen. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich insbesondere auf die Analyse grundlegender Szenarien wie: Sprache in Ruhe, absolute Ruhe, Sprache in Störgeräuschen und Störgeräuschen in Audiodaten.
Die Bachelorarbeit mit dem Titel "Chatbots als Kommunikationsinstrument: Ein Leitfaden für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen zur Optimierung der Kundenkommunikation durch den Einsatz von Chatbots" zielt darauf ab, praxisorientierte Leitlinien für KMU zu entwickeln, die Chatbots zur Verbesserung ihrer Kundenkommunikation einsetzen möchten. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf zwei Hauptaspekte: Erstens, wie KMU Chatbots erfolgreich in ihre Marketingstrategien integrieren können, unter Berücksichtigung technischer und unternehmerischer Bedürfnisse und Ziele. Zweitens, wie der Einsatz von Chatbots die Effektivität der Kundenkommunikation in diesen Unternehmen beeinflusst, mit dem Ziel, Kundenansprache und -bindung zu verbessern sowie Prozesse zu optimieren. Durch theoretische Grundlagen und praxisnahe Empfehlungen bietet die Arbeit einen umfassenden Leitfaden, der konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die erfolgreiche Implementierung von Chatbots liefert. Diese sollen KMU dabei unterstützen, einen nachhaltigen Mehrwert für ihre Kundenbeziehungen zu schaffen und ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu stärken.
In a randomized controlled cross-over study ten male runners (26.7 ± 4.9 years; recent 5-km time: 18:37 ± 1:07 min:s) performed an incremental treadmill test (ITT) and a 3-km time trial (3-km TT) on a treadmill while wearing either carbon fiber insoles with downwards curvature or insoles made of butyl rubber (control condition) in light road racing shoes (Saucony Fastwitch 9). Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, stride frequency, stride length and time to exhaustion were assessed during ITT. After ITT, all runners rated their perceived exertion, perceived shoe comfort and perceived shoe performance. Running time, heart rate, blood lactate levels, stride frequency and stride length were recorded during, and shoe comfort and shoe performance after, the 3-km TT. All parameters obtained during or after the ITT did not differ between the two conditions [range: p = 0.188 to 0.948 (alpha value: 0.05); Cohen's d = 0.021 to 0.479] despite the rating of shoe comfort showing better scores for the control insoles (p = 0.001; d = −1.646). All parameters during and after the 3-km TT showed no differences (p = 0.200 to 1.000; d = 0.000 to 0.501) between both conditions except for shoe comfort showing better scores for control insoles (p = 0.017; d = −0.919). Running with carbon fiber insoles with downwards curvature did not change running performance or any submaximal or maximal physiological or biomechanical parameter and perceived exertion compared to control condition. Shoe comfort is impaired while running with carbon fiber insoles. Wearing carbon fiber insoles with downwards curvature during treadmill running is not beneficial when compared to running with control insoles.