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Im Jahr 1504 verlor der deutsche Ritter Gottfried („Götz“) von Berlichingen seine
rechte Hand. Schon während seiner Genesung dachte er daran, die Hand zu ersetzen,
und beauftragte bald darauf die erste Handprothese, die sogenannte „Eiserne Hand“.
Jahre später wurde die aufwändigere zweite „Eiserne Hand“ gebaut. Wir haben die erste
Prothese auf der Basis früherer Literaturdaten von
Quasigroch (1982) mit Hilfe von 3-D
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) rekonstruiert. Dazu mussten einige Abmessungen angepasst
und ein paar Annahmen für das CAD-Modell gemacht werden. Die historische passive
Prothese des Götz von Berlichingen ist für die moderne Neuroprothetik interessant, da sie
eine Alternative zu komplexen invasiven Brain-Machine-Interface-Konzepten darstellen
könnte, wo diese Konzepte nicht notwendig, möglich oder vom Patienten gewünscht sind.
In this study, we tested the function of a replica of the over 500-year-old original of the
famous Franconian Imperial Knight Götz von Berlichingen’s first “iron hand”, which we
reconstructed by computer-aided design (CAD) and recently printed using a multi-material
3D printer. In different everyday tasks, the artificial hand prosthesis proved to be remarkably
helpful. Thus, the hand could hold a wine glass, some grapes, or a smartphone. With a
suitable pencil, even writing was possible without any problem. Although for all these
functions the healthy other hand was necessary to assist at the beginning, the artificial hand
is an astonishing mechanical aid with many possibilities. Therefore, in certain cases, the
non-invasive approach of a passive mechanical hand replacement, which is an individual,
quick and cheap solution due to modern 3D printing, may always be worth considering
also for today’s requirements.
The DMFC is a promising option for backup power systems and for the power supply of portable devices. However, from the modeling point of view liquid-feed DMFC are challenging systems due to the complex electrochemistry, the inherent two-phase transport and the effect of methanol crossover. In this paper we present a physical 1D cell model to describe the relevant processes for DMFC performance ranging from electrochemistry on the surface of the catalyst up to transport on the cell level. A two-phase flow model is implemented describing the transport in gas diffusion layer and catalyst layer at the anode side. Electrochemistry is described by elementary steps for the reactions occurring at anode and cathode, including adsorbed intermediate species on the platinum and ruthenium surfaces. Furthermore, a detailed membrane model including methanol crossover is employed. The model is validated using polarization curves, methanol crossover measurements and impedance spectra. It permits to analyze both steady-state and transient behavior with a high level of predictive capabilities. Steady-state simulations are used to investigate the open circuit voltage as well as the overpotentials of anode, cathode and electrolyte. Finally, the transient behavior after current interruption is studied in detail.
In der Planungs- und Betriebspraxis herrscht im Bereich der Betriebsführung von thermisch aktivierten Bauteilsystemen und insbesondere der thermisch trägen Bauteilaktivierung noch große Unsicherheit. Trotz einer weiten Verbreitung dieser Systeme im Neubau von Nichtwohngebäuden hat sich bis heute keine einheitliche Betriebsführungsstrategie durchgesetzt. Vielmehr kritisieren Bauherren und Nutzer regelmäßig zu hohe bzw. niedrige Raumtemperaturen in den Übergangsjahreszeiten und bei Wetterwechsel sowie generell eine mangelhafte Regelbarkeit. Demgegenüber weisen Monitoringprojekte immer wieder einen hohen thermischen Komfort in diesen Gebäuden nach. Offensichtlich unterscheiden sich hier subjektiv empfundene Behaglichkeit und objektiv gemessener Komfort. Gleichzeitig sind Heiz- und Kühlkonzepte mit Flächentemperierung dann besonders energieeffizient, wenn das Regelkonzept auf deren thermische Trägheit angepasst ist. Eine gute Regelung gewährleistet also einen hohen thermischen Komfort und sorgt für einen möglichst niedrigen Energieeinsatz. Das Rechenverfahren mit Anlagenaufwandszahlen (in Anlehnung an DIN V 18599) bietet eine gute Möglichkeit, Anlagenkonzepte inklusive deren Betriebsführungsstrategie zu bewerten. Damit ist es möglich, eine auf das Gebäude angepasste Betriebsführungsstrategie für die Bauteilaktivierung zu finden und einheitlich zu bewerten.
Automatic Identification of Travel Locations in Rare Books - Object Oriented Information Management
(2017)
The digital content of the Internet is growing exponentially and mass digitization of printed media opens access to literature, in particular the genre of travel literature from the 18th and 19th century, which consists of diaries or travel books describing routes, observations or inspirations. The identification of described locations in the digital text is a long-standing challenge which requires information technology to supply dynamic links to sources by new forms of interaction and synthesis between humanistic texts and scientific observations.
Using object oriented information technology, a prototype of a software tool is developed which makes it possible to automatically identify geographic locations and travel routes mentioned in rare books. The information objects contain properties such as names and classification codes for populated places, streams, mountains and regions. Together, with the latitudes and longitudes of every single location, it is possible to geo-reference this information in order that all processed and filtered datasets can be displayed by a map application. This method has already been used in the Humboldt Digital Library to present Alexander von Humboldt’s maps and was tested in a case study to prove the correctness and reliability of the automatic identification of locations based on the work of Alexander von Humboldt and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The results reveal numerous errors due to misspellings, change of location names, equality of terms and location names. But on the other hand it becomes very clear that results of the automatic object detection and recognition can be improved by error-free and comprehensive sources. As a result an increase in quality and usability of the service can be expected, accompanied by more options to detect unknown locations in the descriptions of rare books.
Cellular phone antennas are generally designed to have radiation patterns that are as omnidirectional as possible. Omnidirectional antennas allow a phone’s radio to work well for many orientations of the phone with respect to the cellular base station. Recent studies, however, are generating uncertainty about the health effects of prolonged exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from cellular phones. In this paper, an antenna array is designed primarily to minimize users’ exposure to EM radiation. The antenna comprises a beamforming 4 by 3 array of microstrip patch antennas that is controlled by an accelerometer-only inertial navigation system. The proposed design reduces radiated power directed toward the user to below 10% of the total in the worst case.