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This paper describes the Sweaty II humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2018 adult size humanoid competition. Sweaty came 2nd in RoboCup 2017 adult size league. The main characteristics of Sweaty are described in the Team Description Paper 2017. The improvements that have been made or are planned to be implemented for RoboCup 2018 are described in this paper.
MPC-Workshop Juli 2018
(2018)
A simple measuring method for acquiring the radiation pattern of an ultrawide band Vivaldi antenna is presented. The measuring is performed by combining two identical Vivaldi antennas and some of the intrinsic properties of a stepped-frequency continue wave radar (SFCW radar) in the
range from 1.0 GHz to 6.0 GHz. A stepper-motor provided the azimuthal rotation for one of the antennas from 0 ◦ to 360 ◦. The tests have been performed within the conventional environment (laboratory / office) without using an anechoic chamber or absorbing materials. Special measuring devices have not been used either. This method has been tested with different pairs of Vivaldi antennas and it can be also used for different ones (with little or no change in the system), as long as their operational
bandwidth is within the frequency range of the SFCW radar.
Keywords — SFCW Radar, Antenna Gain Characterization,
Azimuthal Radiation Pattern
In this paper, we establish a simple model for the exchange of messages in a vehicular network and we consider fundamental limits on the achievable data rate. For a vehicular network, the exchange of data with other nearby vehicles is particularly important for traffic safety, e.g. for collision avoidance, but also for cooperative applications like platooning. These use cases are currently addressed by standards building on IEEE 802.11p, namely ITS-G5 and DSRC (dedicated short range communication), which encounter saturation problems at high vehicle densities. For this reason, we take a step back and ask for the fundamental limits for the common data rate in a vehicular network. After defining a simple single-lane model and the corresponding capacity limits for some basic multiple- access schemes, we present results for a more realistic setting. For both scenarios, non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) yields the best results.
This paper evaluates the implementation of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols suitable for massive access connectivity in 5G multi-service networks. The access protocol extends multi-packet detection receivers based on Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC) decoding and Coded Random Access protocols considering practical aspects to implement one-stage MAC protocols for short packet communications in mMTC services. Extensions to enhance data delivery phase in two- stage protocols are also proposed. The assessment of the access protocols is extended under system level simulations where a suitable link to system interface characterization has been taken into account.
This paper is discussing the development of a wireless Indoor Smart Gardening System with the focus on energy autonomous working. The Smart Gardening System, which is presented in this paper consists of a network of energy autonomous wireless sensor nodes which are used for monitoring important plant parameters like air temperature, soil moisture, pressure or humidity and in future to control an actuator for the plant irrigation and to measure further parameter as light and fertilizer level. Solar energy harvesting is used for powering the wireless nodes without the usage of a battery. Comparable Smart Gardening Systems are usually battery-powered. Furthermore, the overall Smart Gardening System consists of a battery powered gateway based on a Raspberry Pi 3 system, which controls the wireless nodes and collects their sensor data. The gateway is able to send the information to an internet server application and via Wi-Fi to mobile devices. Particularly the architecture of the energy autonomous wireless nodes will be considered because fully energy autonomous wireless networks could not be implemented without special concepts for the energy supply and architecture of the wireless nodes.
Der Entwurf und die Realisierung gedruckter Schaltungen oder Elektronikkomponenten stellt ein intensives Thema der Forschung dar. Forschungsgruppen beschäftigen sich zunehmend mit der Entwicklung von gedruckten Energy Harvestern, weil diese kostengünstig und einfach herstellbar sind. Das Energy Harvesting (EH) oder auch das ”Mikro Energy Harvesting“ (MEH) bezeichnet die Gewinnung von elektrischer Energie aus der Umgebung, um elektronische Verbraucher zu versorgen, kontinuierliche Leistungen zu erzeugen, das System energieeffizienter zu machen, sowie die Energiespeicherung im Mikrowattbereich zu gewährleisten. Energy Harvesting-Systeme stellen eine Alternative gegenüber der Energieversorgung autarker Low-Power-Elektronik mit Batterien dar. Das Energiemanagement solcher EH-Systeme ist jedoch eine Herausforderung aufgrund der Energieverfügbarkeit und der im Zeitablauf nicht konstanten Verlustleistung. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die derzeit existierenden ultra low-power Energiemanagement Schaltungen für Energy Harvester. Dabei wird insbesondere der Fokus auf gedruckte Energy Harvester gelegt. Es soll aufgezeigt werden, welche Aspekte der vorgestellten Energieversorgungsschaltungen bei der Entwicklung eines Energieversorgungschips für gedruckte Energy Harvester berüucksichtigt werden sollen.
Implementierung von Softcore-Prozessoren und/oder weiteren IPs (Intellectual Property) in FPGAs
(2018)
Die zunehmende Integration von kompletten Systemen auf einem Chip (System-on-Chip, SoC) erfordert auch immer die Integration einer Recheneinheit bzw. eines Prozessorkerns. Möchte man insbesondere Low-Power-SoC-Systeme entwickeln, z.B. drahtlose Sensor-SoC-Systeme für Anwendungen im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0, ist die Implementierung eines solchen Prozessorkerns mit hohen Herausforderungen verbunden. Prinzipiell können hierfür verschiedene Ansätze verfolgt werden, nämlich die Implementierung einer Hardcore Prozessor-IP (IP = Intellectual Property) oder einer Softcore-Prozessor-IP. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst auf den derzeitigen Stand der Technik verfügbarer Hardcore- oder Softcore-Prozessoren unter den Randbedingungen der Low-Power-Anforderungen und der weiten Verbreitung des Cores in industriellen Anwendungen eingegangen. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse der Implementierung und Evaluierung eines derzeit frei verfügbaren 16-bit MSP430-kompatiblen Softcore Prozessors auf einem Altera-Cyclon-FPGA vorgestellt. Aus den Ergebnissen wird ein entsprechendes Fazit für die Implementierung von Low-Power-SoC-Systeme gegeben.
Optische Navigationssysteme weisen bisher eine eindeutige Trennung zwischen nachverfolgendem Gerät (Tool Tracker) und nachverfolgten Geräten (Tracked Tools) auf. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neues Konzept vorgestellt, dass diese Trennung aufhebt: Jedes Tracked Tool ist gleichzeitig auch Tool Tracker und besteht aus Marker-LEDs sowie mindestens einer Kamera, mit deren Hilfe andere Tracker in Lage und Orientierung nachverfolgt werden können. Bei Verwendung von nur einer Kamera geschieht dies mittels Pose Estimation, ab zwei Kameras werden die Marker-LEDs trianguliert. Diese Arbeit beinhaltet die Vorstellung des neuen Peer-To-Peer-Tracking-Konzepts, einen sehr schnellen Pose-Estimation-Algorithmus für beliebig viele Marker sowie die Klärung der Frage, ob die mit Pose Estimation erreichbare Genauigkeit vergleichbar mit der eines Stereo-Kamera-Systems ist und den Anforderungen an die chirurgische Navigation gerecht wird.
The CAN bus still is an important fieldbus in various domains, e.g. for in-car communication or automation applications. To counter security threats and concerns in such scenarios we design, implement, and evaluate the use of an end-to-end security concept based on the Transport Layer Security protocol. It is used to establish authenticated, integrity-checked, and confidential communication channels between field devices connected via CAN. Our performance measurements show that it is possible to use TLS at least for non time-critical applications, as well as for generic embedded networks.
Uncontrollable manufacturing variations in electrical hardware circuits can be exploited as Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). Herein, we present a Printed Electronics (PE)-based PUF system architecture. Our proposed Differential Circuit PUF (DiffC-PUF) is a hybrid system, combining silicon-based and PE-based electronic circuits. The novel approach of the DiffC-PUF architecture is to provide a specially designed real hardware system architecture, that enables the automatic readout of interchangeable printed DiffC-PUF core circuits. The silicon-based addressing and evaluation circuit supplies and controls the printed PUF core and ensures seamless integration into silicon-based smart systems. Major objectives of our work are interconnected applications for the Internet of Things (IoT).
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication promises improvements in road safety and efficiency by enabling low-latency and reliable communication services for vehicles. Besides using Mobile Broadband (MBB), there is a need to develop Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) applications with cellular networks especially when safety-related driving applications are concerned. Future cellular networks are expected to support novel latencysensitive use cases. Many applications of V2X communication, like collaborative autonomous driving requires very low latency and high reliability in order to support real-time communication between vehicles and other network elements. In this paper, we classify V2X use-cases and their requirements in order to identify cellular network technologies able to support them. The bottleneck problem of the medium access in 4G Long Term Evolution(LTE) networks is random access procedure. It is evaluated through simulations to further detail the future limitations and requirements. Limitations and improvement possibilities for next generation of cellular networks are finally detailed. Moreover, the results presented in this paper provide the limits of different parameter sets with regard to the requirements of V2X-based applications. In doing this, a starting point to migrate to Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) or 5G - solutions is given.
The next generation cellular networks are expected to improve reliability, energy efficiency, data rate, capacity and latency. Originally, Machine Type Communication (MTC) was designed for low-bandwidth high-latency applications such as, environmental sensing, smart dustbin, etc., but there is additional demand around applications with low latency requirements, like industrial automation, driver-less cars, and so on. Improvements are required in 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks towards the development of next generation cellular networks for providing very low latency and high reliability. To this end, we present an in-depth analysis of parameters that contribute to the latency in 4G networks along with a description of latency reduction techniques. We implement and validate these latency reduction techniques in the open-source network simulator (NS3) for narrowband user equipment category Cat-Ml (LTE-M) to analyze the improvements. The results presented are a step towards enabling narrowband Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) networks.
The excessive control signaling in Long Term Evolution networks required for dynamic scheduling impedes the deployment of ultra-reliable low latency applications. Semi-persistent scheduling was originally designed for constant bit-rate voice applications, however, very low control overhead makes it a potential latency reduction technique in Long Term Evolution. In this paper, we investigate resource scheduling in narrowband fourth generation Long Term Evolution networks through Network Simulator (NS3) simulations. The current release of NS3 does not include a semi-persistent scheduler for Long Term Evolution module. Therefore, we developed the semi-persistent scheduling feature in NS3 to evaluate and compare the performance in terms of uplink latency. We evaluate dynamic scheduling and semi-persistent scheduling in order to analyze the impact of resource scheduling methods on up-link latency.