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Bei thermischen Konvektionsströmungen ist der Einfluß von Geometrie und Randbedingungen für die Strömungsform und den konvektiven Wärmetransport von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Mit Hilfe der optischen Strömungsmeßtechnik (Differentialinterferometrie) wurde die freie Konvektion in einem quaderförmigen Behälter mit seitlicher Beheizung untersucht. Der Aufbau und die Experimente werden beschrieben. Die quantitative Auswertung von Dichte- und Temperaturfeldern aus den Differentialinterferogrammen wird aufgezeigt und der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Randbedingungen wie feste und freie Oberfläche auf die Strömungsform und den Wärmetransport dargelegt. Die eingesetzte Differentialinterferometrie zeigt aufgrund ihrer Anpassungsfähigkeit an die jeweiligen Versuchsbedingungen und durch den einfachen Aufbau spezifische Vorteile gegenüber dem Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.
Vortex breakdown phenomena in rotating fluids are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The fluid is contained in a cone between two spherical surfaces. The primary swirling motion is induced ba the rotating lower boundary. The upper surface can be fixed with non-slip condition or can be a stress-free surface. Depending on these boundary conditions and on the Reynolds number, novel structures of recirculation zones are realized. The axisymmetric flow patterns are simulated numerically by a finite difference method. Experiments are done to visualize the topological structure of the flow pattern and to observe the existence ranges of the different recirculating flows. The comparison between theory and experiment shows good agreement with respect to the topological structure of the flow.
We generalize the fluid flow problem of an oscillating flat plate (II. Stokes problem) in two directions. We discuss first the oscillating porous flat plate with superimposed blowing or suction. The second generalization is concerned with an increasing or decreasing velocity amplitude of the oscillating flat plate. Finally we show that a combination of both effects is possible as well.
Shapes and structures of vortex breakdown phenomena in rotating fluids are visualized. We investigate the flow in a cylindrical container and in a cone between two spherical surfaces. The primary swirling flow is induced by the rotating upper disk in the cylindrical case and by the lower boundary in the spherical case. The upper surface can be fixed with a no slip condition or can be a stress-free surface. Depending on these boundary conditions and on the Reynolds number novel structures of recirculation zones are realized. Experiments are done to visualize the topological structure of the flow and to determine their existence range as function of the geometry and rotation rate. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical approach shows a good agreement in respect to the topological structures of the flows.
Rotating flow systems are often used to study stability phenomena and structure developments. The closed spherical gap problem is generalized into an open flow system by superimposing a mass flux in meridional direction. The basic solutions at low Reynolds numbers are described by analytical methods. The nonlinear supercritical solutions are simulated numerically and realized in experiments. Novel steady and time-dependent modes of flows are obtained. The extensive results concern the stability behaviour, non-uniqueness of supercritical solutions, symmetry behaviour and transitions between steady and time-dependent solutions. The experimental investigations concern the visualization of the various instabilities and the quatitative description of the flow structures including the laminar-turbulent transition. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows good agreement within the limit of rotational symmetric solutions from the theory.
The free convection in a vertical gap is generalized to realize new analytical solutions of the Boussinesq-equations. The steady and time-dependent solutions for the temperature and velocity distribution are discussed in detail depending on the mass flux in vertical direction. The range of existence for flows with and without back flow is obtained. The transient behaviour of the solutions during the time-dependent development displays interesting physical behaviour.
The structure of the separation bubble that appears in the secondary meridional flow between two coaxially rotating spheres at low and finite Reynolds number (Re) is considered. The low Re analytical study was motivated by recognizing some errors in the analytical work on this problem by Arunachalam and Majhi (1987, Q. Jl Mech. Appl. Math., 40, 47) whilst the finite Re experimental study was motivated by the desire to observe the separation bubble in the laboratory. Though the finite Re experiments were performed in a confined apparatus, they exhibit the qualitative features of the low Re theoretical predictions for the axisymmetric separation bubble that encloses two toroidal vortices symmetrically disposed above and below the mid‐plane of sphere separation, but strong effects of confinement are apparent. The flows observed include (i) a wall‐attached bubble symmetric about the mid‐plane at low Re, (ii) symmetric free‐standing bubbles at moderate Re, and (iii) an asymmetric bubble with flow separating from one sphere and attaching to the support shaft between the spheres at sufficiently high Re.
Gasdynamik
(2004)