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Established robot manufacturers have developed methods to determine and optimize the accuracy of their robots. These methods vary from robot manufacturers to their competitors. Due to the lack of published data, a comparison of robot performance is difficult. The aim of this article is to find methods to evaluate important characteristics of a robot with an accurate and cost-effective setup. A laser triangulation sensor and geometric referenced spheres were used as a base to compare the robot performance.
Enhancing Independence through Intelligent Robotics: An AI Driven Assistive Robotics Interface
(2024)
Applying methods in artificial intelligence to the field of assistive robotics has the potential to increase the independence of people with disabilities. The usage of AI to realize a shared control in this context is controversial, due to the high complexity of everyday tasks and the needed safety requirements. This paper presents the development of a user interface for AI-driven assistive robotic arms (ARA) that aims to assist people with physical disabilities in performing daily activities. This interface allows the user to select object manipulation tasks based on the objects recognized in a live video stream. Further, we compare several state-of-the-art, real-time object detection models to facilitate automatic robotic control. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the model and its potential integration into the overall robotic system.
Background: Assistive Robotic Arms are designed to assist physically disabled people with daily activities. Existing joysticks and head controls are not applicable for severely disabled people such as people with Locked-in Syndrome. Therefore, eye tracking control is part of ongoing research. The related literature spans many disciplines, creating a heterogeneous field that makes it difficult to gain an overview.
Objectives: This work focuses on ARAs that are controlled by gaze and eye movements. By answering the research questions, this paper provides details on the design of the systems, a comparison of input modalities, methods for measuring the performance of these controls, and an outlook on research areas that gained interest in recent years.
Methods: This review was conducted as outlined in the PRISMA 2020 Statement. After identifying a wide range of approaches in use the authors decided to use the PRISMA-ScR extension for a scoping review to present the results. The identification process was carried out by screening three databases. After the screening process, a snowball search was conducted.
Results: 39 articles and 6 reviews were included in this article. Characteristics related to the system and study design were extracted and presented divided into three groups based on the use of eye tracking.
Conclusion: This paper aims to provide an overview for researchers new to the field by offering insight into eye tracking based robot controllers. We have identified open questions that need to be answered in order to provide people with severe motor function loss with systems that are highly useable and accessible.
Robotics offers new solutions for digital customer interaction. Social robots can be used in applications such as customer support, guiding people to a location on company premises, or entertainment and education. An emerging area of research is the application in community facilities for people with disabilities. Such facilities face a shortage of skilled workers that could be addressed by robotics. In this work, the application of social and collaborative robots in care facilities and workshops for the disabled is presented by providing a requirements analysis. The use of the humanoid robot Pepper in assisted living was tested and subsequently evaluated in interviews with caregivers who initiated and observed the interaction between the group and the robot. Additionally, robotic applications in assisted work were assessed, resulting in a divergence from the industrial use of robots. A comparative overview with recent literature is presented. The connection between the community home and the workshop raised the question of whether the use of different robots in both places could lead to conflicts.
This work presents an extension for a coffee-machine that is intended to facilitate its use by people with disabilities. For this purpose, a control method was developed using three wireless buttons and a user interface that allows the selection of several coffee specialties. This selection is translated by a Python script into stepper motor movements fixed to the coffee-machine. With this setup, it is possible to incorporate multiple input modalities such as eye tracking and voice control.
Advances in eye-tracking control for assistive robotic arms provide intuitive interaction opportunities for people with physical disabilities. Shared control has gained interest in recent years by improving user satisfaction through partial automation of robot control. We present an eye-tracking-guided shared control design based on insights from state-of-the-art literature. A Wizard of Oz setup was used in which automation was simulated by an experimenter to evaluate the concept without requiring full implementation. This approach allowed for rapid exploration of user needs and expectations to inform future iterations. Two studies were conducted to assess user experience, identify design challenges, and find improvements to ensure usability and accessibility. The first study involved people with disabilities by providing a survey, and the second study used the Wizard of Oz design in person to gain technical insights, leading to a comprehensive picture of findings.
Over the past decade, the popularity of cobots (collaborative robots) has grown, largely due to their operator-friendly usage. When selecting a cobot or robot for a specific application, it is essential to consider which model best aligns with the desired process. The objective of this work is to introduce a method for evaluating the three-dimensional position performance of a given process to identify the optimal technical solution.