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After approximately 200 years, a comprehensive access to the texts of Humboldt's extraordinary exploration of the Americans is within sight. To open the legacy to the public for free access the Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) Project has been developing a dynamic amount of data related to studies of Alexander von Humboldt. The Library includes a range of texts, tables and images, as well as many tools that assist mining the data and navigating the system.
The HDL aims to provide an environment in which researchers can work more effectively with a wider variety of primary source materialsùtextual as well as visual. Moreover, the greatest advantage of this dynamic system is its capability to connect data from diverse locations in Humboldt's twenty-nine volumes and allow comparison with modern scientific knowledge and developments.
HDL can recreate the context of a particular text, making it possible to view images, geo-referenced and interactive maps, information about plants and animals, as well as scientific data relevant to Humboldt's observations. By introducing Web 2.0 technology implementations, we are providing new visualizations of the information published in this Digital Library. The perception of the Information Architecture is changing in the era of Web 2.0. By providing more search facilities, creating an academic network around our library and implementing new ways of multi-dimensional navigation we argue that Information Architecture can be extended to new methods of information representation. Facilitating the user navigation to the required information will always be an aim for the managers of high volume data systems. This can be achieved by implementing Information Retrieval modules based on user profiling and by improving the visualization features.
This article sets the focus on methods of information technology in the Humboldt Portal, which represents an ongoing research project to develop a virtual research environment on the Internet for the legacy of Alexander von Humboldt. Based on the experiences of developing and providing the Humboldt Digital Library (www.avhumboldt.net) for more than a decade, we defined a working plan to create an Internet portal for comprehensive access to Humboldt’s writings, no matter if documents are provided as PDF files, scan images or XML-TEI documents on external archives (Google Books, Internet Archive, Deutsches Textarchiv, Bibliotheque National de France). Going far beyond services of a digital library we will provide an information network with multimedia assets, which are containing objects like terms, paragraphs, data tables, scan images, or illustrations, together with correlated properties like thematic linkage to other objects, relevant keywords with optional synonyms and dynamic hyperlinks to related translations in different languages. So the Humboldt Portal can contribute to the key question, how to present interconnected data in an appropriate form using information technologies on the Web.
After approximately 200 years, a comprehensive access to the texts of Humboldt’s extraordinary exploration of the Americans is within sight. To open the legacy to the public for free access the Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) project has been developing a dynamic amount of data related to studies of Alexander von Humboldt. The library includes a range of texts, tables and images, as well as many tools that assist mining the data and navigating the system.
Die geothermischen Energieressourcen im Oberrheingebiet rücken immer mehr in den Brennpunkt für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung. Um die Grundlagen und Potenziale dieser Energiequelle darzustellen, wurde ein E-Learning-Seminar „Geothermie kompakt – online lernen“ entwickelt, das erstmalig im Rahmen der Messe GeoTHERM 2008 in Offenburg als „Virtuelles Klassenzimmer“ präsentiert wurde. Die Inhalte des Kurses und das Lernmaterial wurden in kooperativer Zusammenarbeit der Autoren nach wissenschaftlichen Methoden und pädagogischen Erkenntnissen zum E-Learning erarbeitet. Der Moodle- Kurs thematisiert die Grundlagen der Geothermie, wobei speziell auf Fragen nach der Art der geothermischen Ressourcen und deren Nutzungsmöglichkeiten eingegangen wird. Die Kursmodule wurden so konzipiert, dass sie als Lehrmaterial für Lehrende wie Lernende verwendbar sind.
Applied Information Technology opens Virtual Platform for the Legacy of Alexander von Humboldt
(2011)
The Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) is a project that aims to provide digital access to the legacy of Alexander von Humboldt. The HDL runs on an open source library developed in the Hochschule Offenburg and provides a virtual research environment in which researchers can work more effectively. This article presents the development made in the HDL to provide alternative ways of content dissemination through the OAI protocol.Through the implemtantion of the OAI-PMH data provider in the HDL, the library is accessibly in many universities and research centers everywhere around the globe.
Die Forschungseinrichtungen in Baden-Württemberg haben im Verbundvorhabens geothermisch relevante Daten bearbeitet, um die komplex gekoppelten Prozesse im Untergrund transdisziplinär zu untersuchen, als Grundlage für die mit der effektiven und sicheren Nutzung der Geothermie verbundenen Fragestellungen. Das Vorhaben war in Arbeitspakete mit folgenden Zielen gegliedert:
− Prognosetool für geothermale Fluide in Aquiferen des Rheingrabes und seiner Randgebiete. Dieser Forschungsteil zielt darauf ab, zuverlässige Prognosen der zu erwartenden Wasserchemie vor dem Abteufen der ersten Bohrung eines Geothermievorhabens zu gewinnen und das Potential für Scaling und Korrosion der Tiefenwässer zu prognostizieren.
− Definition eines wissenschaftlichen Begleitprogramms mit seismischem Monitoring für die Geothermiebohrung Pfullendorf.Das Monitoring hätte beitragen sollen zur Minimierung der seismischen Gefährdung, Optimierung der Doublettenauslegung und Verbesserung in der Erfassung der Reservoireigenschaften. Dieser Projektteil ist bereits abgeschlossen.
− Erstellung einer Detektionsschwelle kritischer Seismizität aus der Analyse der natürlichen Magnituden-Häufigkeitsbeziehung für Baden-Württemberg. Im Vorhaben wird die Erfassungsschwelle der seismischen Netze für Baden-Württemberg detailliert untersucht, um das Auftreten von induzierten seismischen Ereignissen in der Nähe von geothermischen Kraftwerken von natürlicher Seismizität zu diskriminieren.
− Untersuchung der Bedeutung sulfathaltiger Gesteine für Schadensfälle in Baden Württemberg und Planung von Demonstrationsprojekten. Ziel ist die qualitative und quantitative Untersuchung bestehender Schadensfälle durch Erdwärmesonden in Baden-Württemberg basierend auf der 2011 vom Umweltministerium vorgelegten Studie zu Schadensfällen.
− Forschungsdatenbank für geothermische Basisdaten in Baden-Württemberg. In dem Pilotprojekt soll die geeignete Datenstruktur für multivariate Daten entwickelt und in ein Informationssystem implementiert werden, um übergreifende Vernetzungen der vielfältigen geowissenschaftlichen Daten geothermischer Projekte in Baden-Württemberg zu ermöglichen.
− Energetisch und exergetisch verbesserte Nutzung von Wärme aus Tiefer Geothermie in Baden-Württemberg. Tiefe geothermische Energie liegt zunächst als Wärme auf einem mittelhohen Temperaturniveau von i. d. R. weniger als 200 °C vor. Dies ist nur dann wirtschaftlich nutzbar, wenn eine genügend hohe Wärmeabnahme nahe genug am Standort der geothermischen Anlage möglich ist. In diesem Arbeitspaket sollen die Möglichkeiten der Effizienzsteigerung systemanalytisch untersucht und als Datenbasis zur Verfügung gestellt werden.
− 3D Geomechanikmodell zur Nutzung des Untergrunds. Auf der Basis eines numerischen 3D-Geomechanikmodells sollen plausible Spannungs- und Deformationswerte zwischen den Lokationen tatsächlicher Messungen des Spannungsfelds in BW als Grundlage für Forschungsarbeiten und Gutachten bereitgestellt werden.
Ein über die Einzelvorhaben hinausgehendes Ziel war, dass die Forschung im Verbundvorhaben die unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen des Landes Baden-Württemberg besser vernetzt, die Forschung regional gestärkt und auf die Themen, die für Baden-Württemberg entscheidend sind, fokussiert wird, um damit wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlagen für umweltpolitische Entscheidungen geschaffen.
Automatic Identification of Travel Locations in Rare Books - Object Oriented Information Management
(2017)
The digital content of the Internet is growing exponentially and mass digitization of printed media opens access to literature, in particular the genre of travel literature from the 18th and 19th century, which consists of diaries or travel books describing routes, observations or inspirations. The identification of described locations in the digital text is a long-standing challenge which requires information technology to supply dynamic links to sources by new forms of interaction and synthesis between humanistic texts and scientific observations.
Using object oriented information technology, a prototype of a software tool is developed which makes it possible to automatically identify geographic locations and travel routes mentioned in rare books. The information objects contain properties such as names and classification codes for populated places, streams, mountains and regions. Together, with the latitudes and longitudes of every single location, it is possible to geo-reference this information in order that all processed and filtered datasets can be displayed by a map application. This method has already been used in the Humboldt Digital Library to present Alexander von Humboldt’s maps and was tested in a case study to prove the correctness and reliability of the automatic identification of locations based on the work of Alexander von Humboldt and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The results reveal numerous errors due to misspellings, change of location names, equality of terms and location names. But on the other hand it becomes very clear that results of the automatic object detection and recognition can be improved by error-free and comprehensive sources. As a result an increase in quality and usability of the service can be expected, accompanied by more options to detect unknown locations in the descriptions of rare books.
Alexander von Humboldt, a German scientist and explorer of the 19th century, viewed the natural world holistically and described the harmony of nature among the diversity of the physical world as a conjoining between all physical disciplines. He noted in his diary: “Everything is interconnectedness.”
The main feature of Humboldt’s pioneering work was later named “Humboldtian science”, meaning the accurate study of interconnected real phenomena in order to find a definite law and a dynamic cause.
Following Humboldt's idea of nature, an Internet edition of his works must preserve the author’s original intention, retain an awareness of all relevant works, and still adhere to the requirements of scholarly edition.
At the present time, however, the highly unconventional form of his publications has undermined the awareness and a comprehensive study of Humboldt’s works.
Digital libraries should supply dynamic links to sources, maps, images, graphs and relevant texts. New forms of interaction and synthesis between humanistic texts and scientific observation need to be created.
Information technology is the only way to do justice to the broad range of visions, descriptions and the idea of nature of Humboldt’s legacy. It finally leads to virtual research environments as an adequate concept to redesign our digital archives, not only for Humboldt’s documents, but for all interconnected data.
In the 19th century Alexander von Humboldt explored the nature and was conceived a new vision of nature that still influences the way we understand the new world. Humboldt believed in the importance of accurate measurements and precise description of observations. His vision of nature included not only facts but also emotions.
Nowadays smart solutions will be developed by using computer technology, which will influence our relationship to nature, our handling of the complexity and diversity of nature itself and the technological influences on the society. Could we avoid a new form of “Colonialism”, when a network of super computers will create a smarter world?