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3D Produktpräsentationen im Internet sind komplexe Rich Media Anwendungen, bei deren Erstellung es viel zu beachten gilt. Diese Arbeit beleuchtet verschiedene Aspekte zur Erstellung von 3D Produktpräsentationen. Das Zielmedium Internet, die Gestaltung von 3D Produkten und Layouts, die Interaktivität von 3D Produktseiten, Technologien zu Erstellung, technische Hürden des Mediums, Visionen und ein Projektablauf sowie eine Perspektive zur Entwicklung von 3D Produktpräsentationen sind die inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte der Arbeit.
Threat Modeling is a vital approach to implementing ”Security by Design” because it enables the discovery of vulnerabilities and mitigation of threats during the early stage of the Software Development Life Cycle as opposed to later on when they will be more expensive to fix. This thesis makes a review of the current threat Modeling approaches, methods, and tools. It then creates a meta-model adaptation of a fictitious cloud-based shop application which is tested using STRIDE and PASTA to check for vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and impact risk. The Analysis is done using Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool and IriusRisk. Finally, an evaluation of the results is made to ascertain the effectiveness of the processes involved with highlights of the challenges in threat modeling and recommendations on how security developers can make improvements.
The Internet of Things is spreading significantly in every sector, including the household, a variety of industries, healthcare, and emergency services, with the goal of assisting all of those infrastructures by providing intelligent means of service delivery. An Internet of Vulnerabilities (IoV) has emerged as a result of the pervasiveness of the Internet of Things (IoT), which has led to a rise in the use of applications and devices connected to the IoT in our day-to-day lives. The manufacture of IoT devices are growing at a rapid pace, but security and privacy concerns are not being taken into consideration. These intelligent Internet of Things devices are especially vulnerable to a variety of attacks, both on the hardware and software levels, which leaves them exposed to the possibility of use cases. This master’s thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with regard to security and privacy in the area of applications, security architecture frameworks, a taxonomy of various cyberattacks based on various architecture models, such as three-layer, four-layer, and five-layer. The fundamental purpose of this thesis is to provide recommendations for alternate mitigation strategies and corrective actions by using a holistic rather than a layer-by-layer approach. We discussed the most effective solutions to the problems of privacy and safety that are associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) and presented them in the form of research questions. In addition to that, we investigated a number of further possible directions for the development of this research.
This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of a Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) communication framework within the ns-3 network simulator, specifically targeting the LoRaWAN model network. The primary aim is to analyse the behaviour and performance of DTLS protocols across different network conditions within a LoRaWAN context. The key aspects of this work include the following.
Utilization of ns-3: This thesis leverages ns-3’s capabilities as a powerful discrete event network simulator. This platform enables the emulation of diverse network environments, characterized by varying levels of latency, packet loss, and bandwidth constraints.
Emulation of Network Challenges: The framework specifically addresses unique challenges posed by certain network configurations, such as duty cycle limitations. These constraints, which limit the time allocated for data transmission by each device, are crucial in understanding the real-world performance of DTLS protocols.
Testing in Multi-client-server Scenarios: A significant feature of this framework is its ability to test DTLS performance in complex scenarios involving multiple clients and servers. This is vital for assessing the behaviour of a protocol under realistic network conditions.
Realistic Environment Simulation: By simulating challenging network conditions, such as congestion, limited bandwidth, and resource constraints, the framework provides a realistic environment for thorough evaluation. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of DTLS in terms of security, performance, and scalability.
Overall, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of DTLS protocols by providing a robust tool for their evaluation under various and challenging network conditions.
Seit 2009 nimmt das Team ”magmaOffenburg” an der 3D-Simulationsliga des RoboCups teil. Für das erfolgreiche Abschneiden in Turnieren ist die Qualität der erlernten Bewegungsabläufe ein zentraler Faktor. Bisher wurden genetische Algorithmen verwendet, um verschiedenste Aktionen zu erlernen sowie zu optimieren. In dieser Arbeit wird der Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithmus Proximal Policy Optimization für das Erlernen bestimmter Bewegungen verwendet. Um ein Verständnis für dessen einflussreichen Parameter zu erhalten, werden Größen wie paralleles Lernen, Hyperparameter, Netzwerktopologie, Größe des Observationspace sowie asynchronem Lernen anhand dem Kicken aus dem Stand evaluiert. Durch die Ergebnisse der Evaluierung konnte der erlernte Kick signifikant verbessert werden und sein genetisch erlerntes Gegenstück im Spiel ablösen. Drüber hinaus wurden die Erkenntnisse anhand dem Laufen lernen evaluiert und Zusammenhänge bzw. Unterschiede der zwei Lernprobleme festgestellt.
JavaScript-Frameworks (JSF) sind im Bereich der Webentwicklung seit längerem prominent. Jährlich werden neue JSF entwickelt, um spezifische Probleme zu lösen. In den letzten Jahren hat sich der Trend entwickelt, bei der Wahl des JSF verstärkt auch auf die Performanz der entwickelten Webseite zu achten. Dabei wird versucht, den Anteil an JavaScript auf der Webseite zu reduzieren oder ganz zu eliminieren. Besonders neu ist der Ansatz der "Island Architecture", die erstmals 2019 vorgeschlagen wurde. In dieser Thesis soll die Performanz der meistbenutzten und des performantesten JSF mit dem JSF "Astro" verglichen werden, welches die "Island Architecture" von sich aus unterstützt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt beim Vergleichen der Webseitenperformanz, jedoch werden auch Effizienz und Einfachheit während der Entwicklung untersucht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, potenzielle Frameworks zu untersuchen, die die Effizienz und Produktivität für den Nutzer und während der Entwicklung steigern können.
Truth is the first causality of war”, is a very often used statement. What rather intrigues the mind is what causes the causality of truth. If one dives deeper, one may also wonder why is this so-called truth the first target in a war. Who all see the truth before it dies. These questions rarely get answered as the media and general public tends to focus more on the human and economic losses in a war or war like situation. What many fail to realize is that these truthful pieces of information are critical to how a situation further develops. One correct information may change the course of the whole war saving millions and one mis-information may do the opposite.
Since its inception, some studies have been conducted to propose and develop new applications for OSINT in various fields. In addition to OSINT, Artificial Intelligence is a worldwide trend that is being used in conjunction witThe question here is, what is this information. Who transmits this and how? What is the source. Although, there has been an extensive use of the information provided by the secret services of any nation, which have come handy to many, another kind of information system is using the one that is publicly available, but in different pieces. This kind of information may come from people posting on social media, some publicly available records and much more. The key part in this publicly available information is that these are just pieces of information available across the globe from various different sources. This could be seen as small pieces of a puzzle that need to be put together to see the bigger picture. This is where OSINT comes in place.
h other areas (AI). AI is the branch of computer science that is in charge of developing intelligent systems. In terms of contribution, this work presents a 9-step systematic literature review as well as consolidated data to support future OSINT studies. It was possible to understand where the greatest concentration of publications was, which countries and continents developed the most research, and the characteristics of these publications using this information. What are the trends for the next OSINT with AI studies? What AI subfields are used with OSINT? What are the most popular keywords, and how do they relate to others over time?A timeline describing the application of OSINT is also provided. It was also clear how OSINT was used in conjunction with AI to solve problems in various areas with varying objectives. Private investigators and journalists are no longer the primary users of open-source intelligence gathering and analysis (OSINT) techniques. Approximately 80-90 percent of data analysed by intelligence agencies is now derived from publicly available sources. Furthermore, the massive expansion of the internet, particularly social media platforms, has made OSINT more accessible to civilians who simply want to trawl the Web for information on a specific individual, organisation, or product. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union was implemented in the United Kingdom in May 2018 through the new Data Protection Act, with the goal of protecting personal data from unauthorised collection, storage, and exploitation. This document presents a preliminary review of the literature on GDPR-related work.
The reviewed literature is divided into six sections: ’What is OSINT?’, ’What are the risks?’ and benefits of OSINT?’, ’What is the rationale for data protection legislation?’, ’What are the current legislative frameworks in the UK and Europe?’, ’What is the potential impact of the GDPR on OSINT?’, and ’Have the views of civilian and commercial stakeholders been sought and why is this important?’. Because OSINT tools and techniques are available to anyone, they have the unique ability to be used to hold power accountable. As a result, it is critical that new data protection legislation does not impede civilian OSINT capabilities.
In this paper we see how OSINT has played an important role in the wars across the globe in the past. We also see how OSINT is used in our everyday life. We also gain insights on how OSINT is playing a role in the current war going on between Russia and Ukraine. Furthermore, we look into some of these OSINT tools and how they work. We also consider a use case where OSINT is used as an anti terrorism tool. At the end, we also see how OSINT has evolved over the years, and what we can expect in the future as to what OSINT may look like.
Applied Information Technology opens Virtual Platform for the Legacy of Alexander von Humboldt
(2011)
The Humboldt Digital Library (HDL) is a project that aims to provide digital access to the legacy of Alexander von Humboldt. The HDL runs on an open source library developed in the Hochschule Offenburg and provides a virtual research environment in which researchers can work more effectively. This article presents the development made in the HDL to provide alternative ways of content dissemination through the OAI protocol.Through the implemtantion of the OAI-PMH data provider in the HDL, the library is accessibly in many universities and research centers everywhere around the globe.
In dieser Arbeit wird der Bildbearbeitungsprozess von Dokumenten mithilfe von einem schlicht gehaltenem Neuronalen Netzwerk und Bearbeitungsoperationen optimiert. Ziel ist es, abfotografierte Dokumente zum Drucken aufzubereiten, sodass die Schrift gut lesbar, gerade und nicht verzerrt ist und Störfaktoren herausgefiltert werden. Als API zur Verfügung gestellt, können Bilder von Dokumenten beliebiger Größe und Schriftgröße bearbeitet werden. Während ein unter schlechten Bedingungen schräg aufgenommenes Bild nach Tesseract keine Buchstaben enthält, wird mit dem bearbeiteten Bild davon eine Buchstabenfehlerrate von 0,9% erreicht.
Künstliche Intelligenzen, Deep Learning und Machine-Learning-Algorithmen sind im digitalen Zeitalter zu einem Punkt gekommen, in dem es schwer ist zu unterscheiden, welche Informationen und Quellen echt sind und welche nicht. Der Begriff „Deepfakes“ wurde erstmals 2017 genutzt und hat bereits 2018 mit einer App bewiesen, wie einfach es ist, diese Technologie zu verwenden um mit Videos, Bildern oder Ton Desinformationen zu verbreiten, politische Staatsoberhäupter nachzuahmen oder unschuldige Personen zu deformieren. In der Zwischenzeit haben sich Deepfakes bedeutend weiterentwickelt und stellen somit eine große Gefahr dar.
Diese Arbeit bietet eine Einführung in das Themengebiet Deepfakes. Zudem behandelt sie die Erstellung, Verwendung und Erkennung von Deepfakes, sowie mögliche Abwehrmaßnahmen und Auswirkungen, welche Deepfakes mit sich bringen.
The interaction between agents in multiagent-based control systems requires peer to peer communication between agents avoiding central control. The sensor nodes represent agents and produce measurement data every time step. The nodes exchange time series data by using the peer to peer network in order to calculate an aggregation function for solving a problem cooperatively. We investigate the aggregation process of averaging data for time series data of nodes in a peer to peer network by using the grouping algorithm of Cichon et al. 2018. Nodes communicate whether data is new and map data values according to their sizes into a histogram. This map message consists of the subintervals and vectors for estimating the node joining and leaving the subinterval. At each time step, the nodes communicate with each other in synchronous rounds to exchange map messages until the network converges to a common map message. The node calculates the average value of time series data produced by all nodes in the network by using the histogram algorithm. The relative error for comparing the output of averaging time series data, and the ground truth of the average value in the network will decrease as the size of the network increases. We perform simulations which show that the approximate histograms method provides a reasonable approximation of time series data.
Bereichsübergreifender Einsatz von JavaScript – Aktueller Stand und exemplarische Implementierung
(2021)
Nahezu alle Websites nutzen die Programmiersprache JavaScript zur Darstellung von interaktiven Inhalten und zur Bereitstellung von komplexen Funktionalitäten. Seit ihren Anfängen im Jahr 1995 hat sich die Sprache nicht nur zum Standard in der Webentwicklung etabliert, sondern auch zu einer leistungsfähigen Mehrzweckprogrammiersprache weiterentwickelt.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit einer ausführlichen Darstellung der aktuellen Möglichkeiten, welche Ansätze sich durch die Weiterentwicklung JavaScripts zu einer Mehrzweckprogrammiersprache ergeben und wie sich diese heute umsetzen lassen. Anhand des intelligenten Schlüsselkastens „Smart Vault“ wird verdeutlicht, wie dieses Vorgehen praktisch realisiert und die Vorteile einer einzigen Programmiersprache angewendet werden können.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass sich JavaScript für Anwendungen unterschiedlicher Bereiche einsetzen lässt und darüber hinaus ein hohes Potenzial für weitere Entwicklungen, Verbesserungen und zusätzliche Einsatzgebiete besitzt. Es lassen sich nicht nur Websites, Web Server und Desktop Apps, sondern auch Mikrocontroller im Internet of Things konfigurieren und miteinander nutzen, ohne eine weitere Programmiersprache zu benötigen. Zahlreiche Bibliotheken und Frameworks machen es möglich, dass die Sprache verschiedene Anwendungen über ihre Einsatzgebiete hinweg miteinander verbindet.
As e-commerce platforms have grown in popularity, new difficulties have emerged, such as the growing use of bots—automated programs—to engage with e-commerce websites. Even though some algorithms are helpful, others are malicious and can seriously hurt e-commerce platforms by making fictitious purchases, posting fictitious evaluations, and gaining control of user accounts. Therefore, the development of more effective and precise bot identification systems is urgently needed to stop such actions. This thesis proposes a methodology for detecting bots in E-commerce using machine learning algorithms such as K-nearest neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Network. The purpose of the research is to assess and contrast the output of these machine learning methods. The suggested approach will be based on data that is readily accessible to the public, and the study’s focus will be on the research of bots in e-commerce.
The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of bots in e-commerce, as well as information on the different kinds and traits of bots, as well as current research on bots in e-commerce and associated work on bot detection in e-commerce. The research also seeks to create a more precise and effective bot detection system as well as find critical factors in detecting bots in e-commerce.
This research is significant because it sheds light on the increasing issue of bots in e-commerce and the requirement for more effective bot detection systems. The suggested approach for using machine learning algorithms to identify bots in ecommerce can give e-commerce platforms a more precise and effective bot detection system to stop malicious bot activities. The study’s results can also be used to create a more effective bot detection system and pinpoint key elements in detecting bots in e-commerce.
Organizations striving to achieve success in the long term must have a positive brand image which will have direct implications on the business. In the face of the rising cyber threats and intense competition, maintaining a threat-free domain is an important aspect of preserving that image in today's internet world. Domain names are often near-synonyms for brand names for numerous companies. There are likely thousands of domains that try to impersonate the big companies in a bid to trap unsuspecting users, usually falling prey to attacks such as phishing or watering hole. Because domain names are important for organizations for running their business online, they are also particularly vulnerable to misuse by malicious actors. So, how can you ensure that your domain name is protected while still protecting your brand identity? Brand Monitoring, for example, may assist. The term "Brand Monitoring" applies only to keep tabs on an organization's brand performance, reception, and overall online presence through various online channels and platforms [1]. There has been a rise in the need of maintaining one's domain clear of any linkages to malicious activities as the threat environment has expanded. Since attackers are targeting domain names of organizations and luring unsuspecting users to visit malicious websites, domain monitoring becomes an important aspect. Another important aspect of brand abuse is how attackers leverage brand logos in creating fake and phishing web pages. In this Master Thesis, we try to solve the problem of classification of impersonated domains using rule-based and machine learning algorithms and automation of domain monitoring. We first use a rule-based classifier and Machine Learning algorithms to classify the domains gathered into two buckets – "Parked" and "Non-Parked". In the project's second phase, we will deploy object detection models (Scale Invariant Feature Transform - SIFT and Multi-Template Matching – MTM) to detect brand logos from the domains of interest.
In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird die Datensicherheit von Microsoft Azure analysiert und bewertet. Die Bewertung findet dabei aus der Sicht von Unternehmen statt. Im ersten Abschnitt wird zunächst der grundlegende Aufbau und die unterschiedlichen Formen des Cloud Computing beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil wird ein Vergleich der drei größten Cloud Anbieter vollzogen. Der letzte Teil besteht aus der Evaluation der Datensicherheit von Azure, wobei auf Aspekte wie Datenschutz, Bedrohungen und Schutzmaßnahmen eingegangen wird. Abschließend wird eine Empfehlung für das Unternehmen Bechtle GmbH Offenburg IT-Systemhaus abgegeben.
Im Verlauf der Arbeit stellt sich heraus, dass Azure eine ausreichende Datensicherheit bieten kann. Allerdings wird deutlich, dass durch die Kombination von mehreren Nebenfaktoren wie das Patch-Verhalten oder die Antwortzeit auf Sicherheitsschwachstellen seitens Microsofts, eine große Gefahr für die Daten von Unternehmen entstehen kann. Demnach ist Microsoft als Anbieter ein größeres Problem für die Sicherheit von Daten in Azure als der Cloud-Dienst selbst.
Conceptualization and implementation of automated optimization methods for private 5G networks
(2023)
Today’s companies are adjusting to the new connectivity realities. New applications require more bandwidth, lower latency, and higher reliability as industries become more distributed and autonomous. Private 5th Generation (5G) networks known as 5G Non-Public Networks (5G-NPN), is a novel 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)- based 5G network that can deliver seamless and dedicated wireless access for a particular industrial use case by providing the mentioned application’s requirements. To meet these requirements, several radio-related aspects and network parameters should be considered. In many cases, the behavior of the link connection may vary based on wireless conditions, available network resources, and User Equipment (UE) requirements. Furthermore, Optimizing these networks can be a complex task due to the large number of network parameters and KPIs that need to be considered. For these reasons, traditional solutions and static network configuration are not affordable or simply impossible. Despite the existence of papers in the literature that address several optimization methods for cellular networks in industrial scenarios, more insight into these existing but complex or unknown methods is needed.
In this thesis, a series of optimization methods were implemented to deliver an optimal configuration solution for a 5G private network. To facilitate this implementation, a testing system was implemented. This system enables remote control over the UE and 5G network, establishment of a test environment, extraction of relevant KPI reports from both UE and network sides, assessment of test results and KPIs, and effective utilization of the optimization and sampling techniques.
The research highlights the advantageous aspects of automated testing by using OFAT, Simulated Annealing, and Random Forest Regressor methods. With OFAT, as a common sampling method, a sensitivity analysis and an impact of each single parameter variation on the performance of the network were revealed. With Simulated Annealing, an optimal solution with MSE of roughly 10 was revealed. And, in the Random Forest Regressor, it was seen that this method presented a significant advantage over the simulated annealing method by providing substantial benefits in time efficiency due to its machine- learning capability. Additionally, it was seen that by providing a larger dataset or using some other machine-learning techniques, the solution might be more accurate.
Immer mehr Unternehmen setzen auf eine Cross-Cloud-Strategie, die es Unternehmen ermöglicht, ihre Anwendungen und Daten über mehrere Cloud-Plattformen hinweg effizient zu verwalten und zu betreiben. Konsistenz und Atomarität zwischen den Cloud-Plattformen zu wahren, stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Hierzu wird in dieser Arbeit eine Lösung vorgestellt, um Cross-Cloud-Atomarität zu erreichen, welche auf Basis des 2-Phasen-Commit-Protokolls (2PC) beruht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Funktionsweise des 2PC-Protokolls erörtert und Erweiterungen sowie Alternativen zum Protokoll kurz angesprochen. Zusätzlich werden alternative Lösungsansätze diskutiert, die für die Erzielung von Cross-Cloud-Atomarität in Betracht gezogen werden können. Dadurch wird ein umfassender Einblick in das Thema sowie mögliche Lösungsansätze für diese Herausforderung gewährt.
The identification of vulnerabilities is an important element of the software development process to ensure the security of software. Vulnerability identification based on the source code is a well studied field. To find vulnerabilities on the basis of a binary executable without the corresponding source code is more challenging. Recent research has shown how such detection can be performed statically and thus runtime efficiently by using deep learning methods for certain types of vulnerabilities.
This thesis aims to examine to what extent this identification can be applied sufficiently for a variety of vulnerabilities. Therefore, a supervised deep learning approach using recurrent neural networks for the application of vulnerability detection based on binary executables is used. For this purpose, a dataset with 50,651 samples of 23 different vulnerabilities in the form of a standardised LLVM Intermediate Representation was prepared. The vectorised features of a Word2Vec model were then used to train different variations of three basic architectures of recurrent neural networks (GRU, LSTM, SRNN). For this purpose, a binary classification was trained for the presence of an arbitrary vulnerability, and a multi-class model was trained for the identification of the exact vulnerability, which achieved an out-of-sample accuracy of 88% and 77%, respectively. Differences in the detection of different vulnerabilities were also observed, with non-vulnerable samples being detected with a particularly high precision of over 98%. Thus, the methodology presented allows an accurate detection of vulnerabilities, as well as a strong limitation of the analysis scope for further analysis steps.
Das tiefe Lernen und die daraus entstehenden Technologien bieten eine neue Herausforderung für Unternehmen und privat Personen beiderlei. Deepfakes sind schon seit über vier Jahren im Internet verbreitet und in dieser Zeit wurden hauptsächlich politische Figuren Opfer der Technologie. Diese Arbeit nimmt sich das Ziel, die möglichen Attacken zu beschreiben und Gegenmaßnahmen dafür vorzustellen. Es wird zunächst Social Engineering erläutert und die technischen Grundlagen von Deepfakes gelegt. Daraufhin folgt ein Fallbeispiel, welches genauer aufzeigt, wie auch Unternehmen Opfer von Deepfake Attacken werden können. Diese Attacken fügen einen erheblichen finanziellen sowie Reputationsschaden an. Daher müssen verschiedene technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen gegenüber Deepfakes im Social Engineering Umfeld eingeführt werden. Durch die ständige Entwicklung der Technik werden diese Attacken in der Zukunft an Komplexität und Häufigkeit zunehmen. Unternehmen, Forscher und IT-Sicherheitsspezialisten müssen daher die Entwicklung dieser Attacken beobachten.