620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
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In this contribution, we present a novel 3D printed multi-material, electromagnetic vibration harvester. The harvester is based on a cantilever design and utilizes an embedded constantan wire within a matrix of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). A prototype has been manufactured with a combination of a fused filament fabrication (FFF) printer and a robot with a custom-made tool.
Printed circuit boards (PCB) are a foundation of electronical devices in modern society. The fabrication of these boards requires various processes and machines. The utilisation of a robot with multiple tools can shorten the process chain compared to screen printing. In this paper a system is presented, which utilises an industrial six axis robot to manufacture
PCBs. The process flow and conversion process of the Gerber format into robot specific commands is presented. The advantages and challenges applying a robot to print circuits are discussed.
Organized by the Fraunhofer Additive Manufacturing Alliance, the bi-annual Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference brings together researchers, educators and practitioners from around the world. The conference covers the entire range of topics in additive manufacturing, starting with methodologies, design and simulation, right up to more application-specific topics, e.g. from the realm of medical engineering and electronics.
IEC 62061:2021-03
(2021)
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2005, Amendment 1:2012 and Amendment 2:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
– structure has been changed and contents have been updated to reflect the design process of the safety function,
– standard extended to non-electrical technologies,
– definitions updated to be aligned with IEC 61508-4,
– functional safety plan introduced and configuration management updated (Clause 4),
– requirements on parametrization expanded (Clause 6),
– reference to requirements on security added (Subclause 6.8),
– requirements on periodic testing added (Subclause 6.9),
– various improvements and clarification on architectures and reliability calculations (Clause 6 and Clause 7),
– shift from "SILCL" to "maximum SIL" of a subsystem (Clause 7),
– use cases for software described including requirements (Clause 8),
– requirements on independence for software verification (Clause 8) and validation activities (Clause 9) added,
– new informative annex with examples (Annex G),
– new informative annexes on typical MTTFD values, diagnostics and calculation methods for the architectures (Annex C, Annex D and Annex H).
As a result of automation, demand for increased production and reduced operator physical effort, Safety-related Control Systems (referred to as SCS) of machines play an increasing role in the achievement of overall machine safety. Furthermore, the SCS themselves increasingly employ complex electronic technology.
IEC 62061 specifies requirements for the design and implementation of safety-related control systems of machinery. This document is machine sector specific within the framework of IEC 61508.
The paper describes the implementation of practical laboratory settings in a virtual environment. With the entry of VR glasses into the mass market, there is a chance to establish educational and training applications for displaying some teaching materials and practical works. Therefore our project focuses on the realization of virtual experiments and environments, which gives users a deep insight into selected subfields of Optics and Photonics. Our goal is not to substitute the hand on experiments rather to extend them. By means of VR glasses, the user is offered the possibility to view the experiment from several angles and to make changes through interactive control functions. During the VR application, additional context-related information is displayed. By using object recognition, the specific graphics and texts for the respective object are loaded and supplemented at the appropriate place. Thus, complex facts are supported in an informative way. The prototype is developed using the Unity Engine and can thus be exported to different platforms and end devices. Another major advantage of virtual simulations to the real situation is the high degree of controllability as well as the easy repeatability. With slight modifications, entire experiments can be reused. Our research aims to acquire new knowledge in the field of e-learning in association with VR technology. Here we try to answer a core question of the compatibility of the individual media components.
It is important to minimize the unscheduled downtime of machines caused by outages of machine components in highly automated production lines. Considering machine tools such as, grinding machines, the bearing inside of spindles is one of the most critical components. In the last decade, research has increasingly focused on fault detection of bearings. In addition, the rise of machine learning concepts has also intensified interest in this area. However, up to date, there is no single one-fits-all solution for predictive maintenance of bearings. Most research so far has only looked at individual bearing types at a time.
This paper gives an overview of the most important approaches for bearing-fault analysis in grinding machines. There are two main parts of the analysis presented in this paper. The first part presents the classification of bearing faults, which includes the detection of unhealthy conditions, the position of the error (e.g. at the inner or at the outer ring of the bearing) and the severity, which detects the size of the fault. The second part presents the prediction of remaining useful life, which is important for estimating the productive use of a component before a potential failure, optimizing the replacement costs and minimizing downtime.
The nonlinear behavior of inverters is mainly influenced by the interlocking and switching times of the semiconductors. In the following work, a method is presented that enables the possibility of an online identification of the switching times of the semiconductors. This information allows a compensation of the non-linear behavior, a reduction of the locking time and can be used for diagnostic purposes. First, a theoretical derivation of the method is made by considering different cases when switching of the inverter and deriving identification possibilities. The method is then extended so that the entire module is taken into account. Furthermore, a possible theoretical implementation is shown. After the methodology has been investigated with possible limitations, boundary conditions and with respect to real hardware, an implementation in the FPGA is performed. Finally, the results are presented, discussed
and further improvements are presented in an outlook.
The Project "Schluckspecht" of the University of Offenburg consists of participating in the European marathon called "Shell Eco-Marathon"(SEM) which consists of designing and building from the beginning a vehicle with the greatest possible energy efficiency. The University of Offenburg has participated in this project since 1998.
The team that forms the Schluckspecht project is made up of around 30 students from the faculties of mechanical engineering, process engineering, electrical engineering, medical technology and computer science, as well as the degree in Audiovisual Communication. The team was founded in 1998 and since then students have been developing and building high efficiency vehicles to participate in the European marathon Shell Eco.
In this project, students can put into practice all the theoretical knowledge obtained during their studies. Also can be learned how to work interdisciplinarity as a team, a skill that for now, many companies or require or seek.
The following topics are discussed in the Schluckspecht project, which are also ideal for the work of students:
-Conception construction and production of high efficiency vehicles.
-Computational design and manufacture of lightweight components and sets.
-Development of lightweight components and sets from renewable raw materials.
-Construction and development of special test benches, for example: motor test bench.
-Implementation and optimization of control strategies for autonomous driving
-Mechanical and electrical integration of sensors for autonomous driving
-Ergonomic studies and optimization of the driver's cabin.
The objective of the project is to develop and manufacture research vehicles that make individual mobility as efficient as possible from an energy point of view. To achieve this, current and future issues of the industry are discussed. In this project, both the theoretical and practical part of the light construction of vehicles and the reduction of friction, the variety of propulsion concepts (electric thrusters, fuel cells, diesel/petrol engines, Stirling engines) and autonomous driving are investigated. The services of the University of Offenburg together with some external partners are grouped together to make this wonderful project work.
The Projekt-Sweaty is a project of the University of Applied Sciences of Offenburg, an autonomous robot is being developed that competes against a set of several international colleges and universities in the RoboCup.
"Sweaty" is a soccer-playing humanoid robot who participated in the RoboCup World Cup in Brazil for the first time in 2014.
RoboCup is a competition aimed at developing a robot soccer team that surpasses the human world champion team. The competition started in 1997 the first official RoboCup games and conferences were held with great success. More than 40 teams took part and more than 5,000 spectators attended. RoboCup’s rules change to promote advances in robot science and technology and to bring the league’s challenges closer to the real world.
Building a robot that plays football will not in itself generate a significant social and economic impact, but the realization will certainly be considered an important success for the field of robotics.
Thanks to the interaction of all the faculties, the team consists of professors and students from the fields of mechanical and process engineering, electrical engineering, information technology, and information and media technology. Students can use the project during their studies and use the knowledge acquired in practice to implement and through their own creative ideas complement.