The 50 most recently published documents
Design approaches for the gamification of production environments: a study focusing on acceptance
(2015)
Gamification is an ever more popular method to increase motivation and user experience in real-world settings. It is widely used in the areas of marketing, health and education. However, in production environments, it is a new concept. To be accepted in the industrial domain, it has to be seamlessly integrated in the regular work processes.
In this work we make the following contributions to the field of gamification in production: (1) we analyze the state of the art and introduce domain-specific requirements; (2) we present two implementations gamifying production based on alternative design approaches; (3) these are evaluated in a sheltered work organization. The comparative study focuses acceptance, motivation and perceived happiness.
The results reveal that a pyramid design showing each work process as a step on the way towards a cup at the top is strongly preferred to a more abstract approach where the processes are represented by a single circle and two bars.
In this work we provide an overview of gamification, i.e. the application of methods from game design to enrich non-gaming processes. The contribution is divided into five subsections: an introduction focusing on the progression of gamification through the hype cycle in the recent years (1), a brief introduction to gamification mechanics (1) and an overview of the state of the art in established areas (3). The focus is a discussion of more recent attempts of gamification in service and production (4). We also discuss the ethical implications (5) and the future perspectives (6) of gamified business processes. Gamification has been successfully applied in the domains education (serious games) and health (exergames) and is spreading to other areas. In recent years there have been various attempts to “gamify” business processes. While the first efforts date back as far as the collection of miles in frequent flyer programs, we will portray some of the more recent and comprehensive software-based approaches in the service industry, e.g. the gamification of processes in sales and marketing. We discuss their accomplishments as well as their social and ethical implicatio. Finally a very recent approach is presented: the application of gamification in the domain of industrial production. We discuss the special requirements in this domain and the effects on the business level and on the users. We conclude with a prognosis on the future development of gamification.
A method for 3D printing of a robot element, more particularly a finger for use in robotics. At least one sensor is concomitantly printed by means of multi-material printing during the printing of the robot element. A gripping element produced by a method of this kind includes a number of printed layers of robot element material and a concomitantly printed sensor.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing a robot component, particularly a gripper, the method being capable of being applied multi-functionally and shortening a mounting time to a robot.
SOLUTION: A method of producing a robot component, particularly a finger 5, applied to robotics by a three-dimensional printing method of this invention comes not to require other production processes such as attachment of a cover, etc. with a separate sensor or a material (soft, in many cases), etc., by simultaneously printing at least one sensor 7 by multi-material printing while printing the robot component.
Mit zunehmender Digitalisierung ist zu erwarten, dass die Informationsflut, hinsichtlich der täglich auf die Rezipienten einprasselnden Werbebotschaften, immer weiter zunimmt. Dies mag für Werbetreibende mit hohen Budgets und vorhandener Reichweite keine Herausforderung darstellen, dennoch gibt es einen großen Teil der Unternehmen in Deutschland, welche von eben jene bereits bestehenden Voraussetzungen nicht profitieren können. Im Bereich der klein- und mittelständischen Unternehmen, zu denen auch ein Großteil der Handwerksunternehmen zählen, ist ein übermäßig großes Werbebudget meist nicht vorhanden. Um das eigene Unternehmen von Mitbewerbern und Konkurrenz abzuheben, finden immer innovativere Werbeformen den Einsatz in der Unternehmenskommunikation. Hierbei lässt sich eine Tendenz weg von der klassischen Push-Kommunikation hin zu einer wohlbedachten Pull-Kommunikation entdecken. In diesem Bereich ist das Buzzwort Content-Marketing in aller Munde und fungiert als übergeordnete Instanz des Storytellings. Ferner bietet die Entwicklung von rein informativen Werbebotschaften hin zum ,Geschichten erzählen‘ eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen. Neben einer größeren Viralkraft, bleiben Geschichten durch bessere Verknüpfung im ,neuronalen Netz‘ des Gehirns länger und nachdrücklicher im Gedächtnis der Zielgruppe. Darüber hinaus bietet Storytelling, online wie offline, hervorragende Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich der Distribution.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit bietet einen Implementierungsleitfaden für Storytelling-Maßnahmen für die Bereich Print und Screen, sowie eine Bewertung der Plattformen hinsichtlich der Distribution. Zu den Vorüberlegungen einer Implementierung von Storytelling in die Unternehmenskommunikation, wurden in den Unterthemen außerdem die strategischen Aspekte der Integrationsstufen und der Distributionskanäle vorgenommen. Durch eine Befragung potenzieller Kunden von Handwerksunternehmen, können Rückschlüsse auf die beliebtesten Inhalte einer Storytelling-Kampagne von Handwerksunternehmen gewonnen werden. Somit kann die Kundenansprache durch Storytelling effektiver und gewinnbringender betrieben werden.
Die Möglichkeiten, sowie die Vor- und Nachteile, die elektronisch gestütztes Lernen mit sich bringen, werden im Verlauf der Abschlussarbeit betrachtet. Ein aktueller Ist-Stand der Technik, sowie der Prozess des Lernens wird mit einem Ausblick in das zukünftige Lernen der Lernenden gegenübergestellt. Es wird deutlich, dass grundlegende Veränderungen seitens der Bildungspolitik von Nöten sind und wie diese Umgesetzt werden können. Die Abschlussarbeit kann als Leitfaden gesehen werden, in der verdeutlicht wird, wie komplex das zielführende, also Kompetenz-fördernde Gestalten des Lernens ist. In technischer Hinsicht sind im Verlauf der letzten Jahre unzählige Neuerungen und Innovation erschienen, die es jetzt gilt mit einem didaktisch gut durchdachten, schulischen Konzept zu verknüpfen.
Welche Rolle Lernende, Lehrende, Verwaltung und Politik bei dieser Verknüpfung spielen, wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit analysiert. Es wurden Erkenntnisse darüber gezogen, wie sich die Rahmenbedingungen ändern müssen, um eine gelungene Integration des elektronischen Lernens in das Schulsystem zu erreichen.
Do you know that for each banana bunch the complete plant must be cut as well? Only in Brazil 440 million trees are planted annually. With an average weight of 30 kg per banana plant you can estimate about 13,5 million tons of banana residues per year. Although there exist some projects to use these residues for the production of valuable products (e.g fibers for textile and paper production) most of this organic waste material is unused and left for composting on the farmland.
The basic idea of this project is to evaluate this organic waste material for converting it to a renewable and CO2 neutral fuel. Therefore, the different parts of the banana plant (heart, leaves and pseudo stem) were analyzed regarding their biogas potential (specific biogas yield and biogas production kinetics). In further studies the effect of mechanical and enzymatic pretreatments of the different parts of the plants was investigated. This examination could then be the basis for an energetic usage of this organic residue.
The biogas batch experiments were performed according to the german guideline VDI 4630 in 2-L-Batch reactors at 37°C. As biogas substrates, the heart, the leaves and the pseudo stem of the banana plant residue with and without enzymatic/mechanical pretreatment were used.
The different parts of the banana plants result in a specific biogas production yield in the range of 260-470 norm liters per kg organic dry mass.
To determine the influence of the mechanical pretreatment (particle size 1-15 mm) on the biogas production kinetics, the kinetic constants were defined and calculated. The reduction of the particle size leads to an improved biogas production kinetics. Therefore experiments will demonstrate, if the results from the batch experiments can be converted in the continuous fed biogas reactor. The experiments of the enzymatic pretreatment are still under investigation.
Modern Franciscan Leadership
(2020)
This article combines two important areas of practical theology: Monastic rules and leadership in a cloistral organisation, using the Rule of Saint Francis as a prominent example. The aim of this research is to examine how living Christian tradition in a monastic order affects leadership today, discovering how the Rule and Franciscan spirituality impact managing a convent. The research question is answered within this inductive research applying the methodology of the ‘theology in four voices.’ Based on the results, it is possible to build a coherent leadership system based on Biblical and Franciscan sources.
In the modern knowledge-based and digital economy, the value of knowledge is growing relative to other assets and new intellectual property is being created at an ever-increasing rate. Therefore, the ability to find non-trivial solutions, systematically generate new concepts, and create intellectual property rapidly become crucial to achieving competitive advantage and leveraging the intellectual potential of organizations.
Eine kontinuierliche Überwachung von Ethernet-Leitungne beugt Maschinenausfällen in der Industrie vor. Aktuell fehlen jedoch geiegnete Methoden, um diese Überwachung flächendeckend durchzuführen. Im Projekt Ko²SiBus wurde deshalb ein kostengünstiges Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Überwachung von Ethernet-Leitungen entwickelt.
The authors claim that location information of stationary ICT components can never be unclassified. They describe how swarm-mapping crowd sourcing is used by Apple and Google to worldwide harvest geo-location information on wireless access points and mobile telecommunication systems' base stations to build up gigantic databases with very exclusive access rights. After having highlighted the known technical facts, in the speculative part of this article, the authors argue how this may impact cyber deterrence strategies of states and alliances understanding the cyberspace as another domain of geostrategic relevance. The states and alliances spectrum of activities due to the potential existence of such databases may range from geopolitical negotiations by institutions understanding international affairs as their core business, mitigation approaches at a technical level, over means of cyber deterrence-by-retaliation.
In a Semi-autonomic cloud auditing architecture we weaved in privacy enhancing mechanisms [15] by applying the public key version of the Somewhat homomorphic encryption (SHE) scheme from [4]. It turns out that the performance of the SHE can be significantly improved by carefully deriving relevant crypto parameters from the concrete cloud auditing use cases for which the scheme serves as a privacy enhancing approach. We provide a generic algorithm for finding good SHE parameters with respect to a given use case scenario by analyzing and taking into consideration security, correctness and performance of the scheme. Also, to show the relevance of our proposed algorithms we apply it to two predominant cloud auditing use cases.
Covert- and side-channels as well as techniques to establish them in cloud computing are in focus of research for quite some time. However, not many concrete mitigation methods have been developed and even less have been adapted and concretely implemented by cloud providers. Thus, we recently conceptually proposed C 3 -Sched a CPU scheduling based approach to mitigate L2 cache covert-channels. Instead of flushing the cache on every context switch, we schedule trusted virtual machines to create noise which prevents potential covert-channels. Additionally, our approach aims on preserving performance by utilizing existing instead of artificial workload while reducing covert-channel related cache flushes to cases where not enough noise has been achieved. In this work we evaluate cache covert-channel mitigation and performance impact of our integration of C 3 -Sched in the XEN credit scheduler. Moreover, we compare it to naive solutions and more competitive approaches.
With economic weight shifting toward net zero, now is the time for ECAs, Exim-Banks, and PRIs to lead. Despite previous success, aligning global economic governance to climate goals requires additional activities across export finance and investment insurance institutions. The new research project initiated by Oxford University, ClimateWorks Foundation, and Mission 2020 including other practitioners and academics from institutions such as Atradius DSB, Columbia University, EDC, FMO and Offenburg University focuses on reshaping future trade and investment governance in light of climate action. The idea of a ‘Berne Union Net Zero Club’ is an important item in a potential package of reforms. This can include realigning mandates and corporate strategies, principles of intervention, as well as ECA, Exim-Bank and PRI operating models in order to accelerate net zero transformation. Full transparency regarding Berne Union members’ activities would be an excellent starting point. We invite all interested parties in the sector to come together to chart our own path to net zero
Aus Ideen werden Produkte
(2020)
Analysis of Miniaturized Printed Flexible RFID/NFC Antennas Using Different Carrier Substrates
(2020)
Antennas for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) provide benefits for high frequencies (HF) and wireless data transmission via Near Field Communication (NFC) and many other applications. In this case, various requirements for the design of the reader and transmitter antennas must be met in order to achieve a suitable transmission quality. In this work, a miniaturized cost-effective RFID/NFC antenna for a microelectronic measurement system is designed and printed on different flexible carrier substrates using a new and low-cost Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology. Various practical aspects such as reflection and impedance magnitude as well as the behavior of the printed RFID/NFC antennas are analyzed and compared to an identical copper-based antenna of the same size. The results are presented in this paper. Furthermore, the problems during the printing process itself on the different substrates are evaluated. The effects of the characteristics on the antenna under kink-free bending tests are examined and subsequently long-term measurements are carried out.
Elektronische Türschilder zur Darstellung von Informationen sind insbesondere in öffentlichen Gebäuden zwischenzeitlich weit verbreitet. Die Varianz dieser elektronischen Türschilder reicht vom Tablet-basierten Türschild bis hin zum PC-basierten Türschild mit externem Bildschirm. Zumeist werden die Systeme mit 230 V betrieben. Bei einer großen Summe von Türschildern in öffentlichen Gebäuden kann dies zu einem signifikanten Umsatz an Energie führen. Im Rahmen dieses Papers wird die Entwicklung eines energieautarken arbeiten Türschildes vorgestellt, bei dem ein E-Paper-Display zum Einsatz kommt. Das Türschild lässt sich per Smartphone-App und NFC-Schnittstelle konfigurieren. Es wird insbesondere auf das Low-Power-Hardware-Design der Elektronik und energetische Aspekte eingegangen.
Environmentally-friendly implementation of new technologies and eco-innovative solutions often faces additional secondary ecological problems. On the other hand, existing biological systems show a lesser environmental impact as compared to the human-made products or technologies. The paper defines a research agenda for identification of underlying eco-inventive principles used in the natural systems created through evolution. Finally, the paper proposes a comprehensive method for capturing eco-innovation principles in biological systems in addition and complementary to the existing biomimetic methods and TRIZ methodology and illustrates it with an example.
Cross-industry innovation is commonly understood as identification of analogies and interdisciplinary transfer or copying of technologies, processes, technical solutions, working principles or models between industrial sectors. In general, creative thinking in analogies belongs to the efficient ideation techniques. However, engineering graduates and specialists frequently lack the skills to think across the industry boundaries systematically. To overcome this drawback an easy-to-use method based on five analogies has been evaluated through its applications by students and engineers in numerous experiments and industrial case studies. The proposed analogies help to identify and resolve engineering contradictions and apply approaches of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving TRIZ and biomimetics. The paper analyses the outcomes of the systematized analogies-based ideation and outlines that its performance continuously grows with the engineering experience. It defines metrics for ideation efficiency and ideation performance function.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International TRIZ Future Conference, TFC 2020, held online at the University Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in October 2020 and sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing.
34 chapters were carefully peer reviewed and selected from 91 conference submissions. They are organized in the following thematic sections: computing TRIZ; education and pedagogy; sustainable development; tools and techniques of TRIZ for enhancing design; TRIZ and system engineering; TRIZ and complexity; and cross-fertilization of TRIZ for innovation management.
Sustainable design of equipment for process intensification requires a comprehensive and correct identification of relevant stakeholder requirements, design problems and tasks crucial for innovation success. Combining the principles of the Quality Function Deployment with the Importance-Satisfaction Analysis and Contradiction Analysis of requirements gives an opportunity to define a proper process innovation strategy more reliably and to develop an optimal process intensification technology with less secondary engineering and ecological problems.
The authentication method of electronic devices, based on individual forms of correlograms of their internal electric noises, is well-known. Specific physical differences in the components – for example, caused by variations in production quality – cause specific electrical signals, i.e. electric noise, in the electronic device. It is possible to obtain this information and to identify the specific differences of the individual devices using an embedded analog-to-digital converter (ADC). These investigations confirm the possibility to identify and authenticate electronic devices using bit templates, calculated from the sequence of values of the normalized autocorrelation function of noise. Experiments have been performed using personal computers. The probability of correct identification and authentication increases with increasing noise recording duration. As a result of these experiments, an accuracy of 98.1% was achieved for a 1 second-long registration of EM for a set of investigated computers.
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded devices is proliferating, especially in the smart home automation system. However, the devices unfortunately are imposing overhead on the IoT network. Thus, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) have introduced the IPv6 Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) to provide a solution to this constraint. 6LoWPAN is an Internet Protocol (IP) based communication where it allows each device to connect to the Internet directly. As a result, the power consumption is reduced. However, the limitation of data transmission frame size of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Network’s (RPL’s) had made it to be the running overhead, and thus consequently degrades the performance of the network in terms of Quality of Service (QoS), especially in a large network. Therefore, HRPL was developed to enhance the RPL protocol to minimize redundant retransmission that causes the routing overhead. We introduced the T-Cut Off Delay to set the limit of the delay and the H field to respond to actions taken within the T-Cut Off Delay. Thus, this paper presents the comparison performance assessment of HRPL between simulation and real-world scenarios (6LoWPAN Smart Home System (6LoSH) testbed) in validating the HRPL functionalities. Our results show that HRPL had successfully reduced the routing overhead when implemented in 6LoSH. The observed Control Traffic Overhead (CTO) packet difference between each experiment is 7.1%, and the convergence time is 9.3%. Further research is recommended to be conducted for these metrics: latency, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and throughput.
During the day-to-day exploitation of localization systems in mines, the technical staff tends to incorrectly rearrange radio equipment: positions of devices may not be accurately marked on a map or their positions may not correspond to the truth. This situation may lead to positioning inaccuracies and errors in the operation of the localization system.This paper presents two Bayesian algorithms for the automatic corrections of positions of the equipment on the map using trajectories restored by the inertial measurement units mounted to mobile objects, like pedestrians and vehicles. As a basis, a predefined map of the mine represented as undirected weighted graph was used as input. The algorithms were implemented using the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) approach.The results prove that both methods are capable to detect misplacement of access points and to provide corresponding corrections. The discrete Bayesian filter outperforms the unscented Kalman filter, which, however, requires more computational power.
RETIS – Real-Time Sensitive Wireless Communication Solution for Industrial Control Applications
(2020)
Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) has been always a vital component of many industrial applications. The paper proposes a new wireless URLLC solution called RETIS, which is suitable for factory automation and fast process control applications, where low latency, low jitter, and high data exchange rates are mandatory. In the paper, we describe the communication protocol as well as the hardware structure of the network nodes for implementing the required functionality. Many techniques enabling fast, reliable wireless transmissions are used – short Transmission Time Interval (TTI), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), MIMO, optional duplicated data transfer, Forward Error Correction (FEC), ACK mechanism. Preliminary tests show that reliable end-to-end latency down to 350 μs and packet exchange rate up to 4 kHz can be reached (using quadruple MIMO and standard IEEE 802.15.4 PHY at 250 kbit/s).
The number of use cases for autonomous vehicles is increasing day by day especially in commercial applications. One important application of autonomous vehicles can be found within the parcel delivery section. Here, autonomous cars can massively help to reduce delivery efforts and time by supporting the courier actively. One important component of course is the autonomous vehicle itself. Nevertheless, beside the autonomous vehicle, a flexible and secure communication architecture also is a crucial key component impacting the overall performance of such system since it is required to allow continuous interactions between the vehicle and the other components of the system. The communication system must provide a reliable and secure architecture that is still flexible enough to remain practical and to address several use cases. In this paper, a robust communication architecture for such autonomous fleet-based systems is proposed. The architecture provides a reliable communication between different system entities while keeping those communications secure. The architecture uses different technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), cellular networks and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) to achieve its goals.
This paper presents a novel low-jitter interface between a low-cost integrated IEEE802.11 chip and a FPGA. It is designed to be part of system hardware for ultra-precise synchronization between wireless stations. On physical level, it uses Wi-Fi chip coexistence signal lines and UART frame encoding. On its basis, we propose an efficient communication protocol providing precise timestamping of incoming frames and internal diagnostic mechanisms for detecting communication faults. Meanwhile it is simple enough to be implemented both in low-cost FPGA and commodity IEEE802.11 chip firmware. The results of computer simulation shows that developed FPGA implementation of the proposed protocol can precisely timestamp incoming frames as well as detect most of communication errors even in conditions of high interference. The probability of undetected errors was investigated. The results of this analysis are significant for the development of novel wireless synchronization hardware.
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is the most promising time-deterministic wired communication approach for industrial applications. To extend TSN to "IEEE 802.11" wireless networks two challenging problems must be solved: synchronization and scheduling. This paper is focused on the first one. Even though a few solutions already meet the required synchronization accuracies, they are built on expensive hardware that is not suited for mass market products. While next Wi-Fi generation might support the required functionalities, this paper proposes a novel method that makes possible high-precision wireless synchronization using commercial low-cost components. With the proposed solution, a standard deviation of synchronization error of less than 500 ns can be achieved for many use cases and system loads on both CPU and network. This performance is comparable to modern wired real-time field busses, which makes the developed method a significant contribution for the extension of the TSN protocol to the wireless domain.
With the increasing degree of interconnectivity in industrial factories, security becomes more and more the most important stepping-stone towards wide adoption of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This paper summarizes the most important aspects of one keynote of DESSERT2020 conference. It highlights the ongoing and open research activities on the different levels, from novel cryptographic algorithms over security protocol integration and testing to security architectures for the full lifetime of devices and systems. It includes an overview of the research activities at the authors' institute.
Das Standardlehrbuch zum internationalen Steuerrecht
Kenntnisse im internationalen Steuerrecht werden in der steuerlichen Ausbildung immer wichtiger. Mit dem „Wilke“ sichern Sie sich einen umfassenden und fundierten Einstieg in diese komplexe Materie. Leicht verständlich und anschaulich vermittelt dieses Standardlehrbuch Ihnen alle relevanten Grundlagen des internationalen Steuerrechts.
Der Aufbau des Buchs orientiert sich dabei sowohl an den Bedürfnissen der Ausbildung als auch denen der Praxis. Als idealer Begleiter unterstützt es Sie in jeder Phase Ihrer beruflichen Entwicklung – von den ersten Schritten in der Steuerberater-Ausbildung bis hin zur erfolgreich abgeschlossenen Weiterbildung zum Fachberater für Internationales Steuerrecht.
Die 15. Auflage berücksichtigt die Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet des internationalen Steuerrechts in Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung, Literatur und Verwaltung bis Ende März 2020.
Rechtsstand: 1.4.2020
Datenanalyse mithilfe von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) – für 70 Prozent der von den Beratern von PWC befragten Unternehmen ist dies das vielversprechendste Einsatzszenario. Doch so attraktiv die Vision erscheint, mittels KI das eigene Geschäft oder gar eine ganze Branche zu revolutionieren, so handfest sind die Herausforderungen, die sich in der Praxis ergeben. Ein häufiges Problem ist ein bereits beim Start eines Projekts mangelhafter Datenbestand. Die KI mit qualitativ schlechten Daten zu trainieren, macht keinen Sinn, da sie falsche Informationen lernt. Ohne den Einsatz gewisser Automatisierungen und KI ist es wiederum mühsam, die unzureichende Datenbasis zu verbessern.
Gasdynamik
(2020)
Für kompressible Strömungen werden die Erhaltungssätze für Masse, Impuls und Energie hergeleitet. Die Eigenschaften der Stoßgleichungen wie Rankine-Hugoniot-Relation und Rayleigh-Gerade werden betrachtet. Zur Berechnung der Kräfte auf umströmte Körper werden die Auftriebs- und Widerstandsbeiwerte ermittelt. Auf der Basis der Stromfadentheorie wird die Auslegung von Lavaldüsen behandelt. Das physikalische Verhalten linearer Unter- und Überschallströmungen und transsonischer Profilumströmungen wird analysiert.
Analysis of Amplitude and Phase Errors in Digital-Beamforming Radars for Automotive Applications
(2020)
Fundamentally, automotive radar sensors with Digital-Beamforming (DBF) use several transmitter and receiver antennas to measure the direction of the target. However, hardware imperfections, tolerances in the feeding lines of the antennas, coupling effects as well as temperature changes and ageing will cause amplitude and phase errors. These errors can lead to misinterpretation of the data and result in hazardous actions of the autonomous system. First, the impact of amplitude and phase errors on angular estimation is discussed and analyzed by simulations. The results are compared with the measured errors of a real radar sensor. Further, a calibration method is implemented and evaluated by measurements.