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This paper describes the new Sweaty humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2014 adult size humanoid competition. The robot is built from scratch to eventually allow it to run. One characteristic is that to prevent the motors from overheating, water evaporation is used for cooling. The robot is literally sweating which has given it its name. Another characteristic is, that the motors are not directly connected to the frame but by means of beams. This allows a variable transmission ratio depending on the angle.
This paper describes the new Sweaty II humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2016 adult size humanoid competition. Based on experiences during RoboCup 2014, the Sweaty robot has been completely redesigned to a new robot Sweaty II. A major change is the use of linear actuators for the legs. Another characteristic is its indirect actuation by means of rods. This allows a variable transmission ratio depending on the angle of a joint.
This paper describes the Sweaty II humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2018 adult size humanoid competition. Sweaty came 2nd in RoboCup 2017 adult size league. The main characteristics of Sweaty are described in the Team Description Paper 2017. The improvements that have been made or are planned to be implemented for RoboCup 2018 are described in this paper.
Sweaty has already participated four times in RoboCup soccer competitions (Adult Size) and came second three times. While 2016 Sweaty needed a lot of luck to be finalist, 2017 Sweaty was a serious adversary in the preliminary rounds. In 2018 Sweaty showed up in the final with some lack of experience and room for improvements, but not without any chance. This paper describes the intended improvements of the humanoid adult size robot Sweaty in order to qualify for the RoboCup 2019 adult size competition.
For the RoboCup Soccer AdultSize League the humanoid robot Sweaty uses a single fully convolutional neural network to detect and localize the ball, opponents and other features on the field of play. This neural network can be trained from scratch in a few hours and is able to perform in real-time within the constraints of computational resources available on the robot. The time it takes to precess an image is approximately 11 ms. Balls and goal posts are recalled in 99 % of all cases (94.5 % for all objects) accompanied by a false detection rate of 1.2 % (5.2 % for all). The object detection and localization helped Sweaty to become finalist for the RoboCup 2017 in Nagoya.
One of the challenges in humanoid robotics is motion control. Interacting with humans requires impedance control algorithms, as well as tackling the problem of the closed kinematic chains which occur when both feet touch the ground. However, pure impedance control for totally autonomous robots is difficult to realize, as this algorithm needs very precise sensors for force and speed of the actuated parts, as well as very high sampling rates for the controller input signals. Both requirements lead to a complex and heavy weight design, which makes up for heavy machines unusable in RoboCup Soccer competitions.
A lightweight motor controller was developed that can be used for admittance and impedance control as well as for model predictive control algorithms to further improve the gait of the robot.
Im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projekts des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Freiburg und des Freiburger Materialforschungszentrums entwickelt die Robotikgruppe der Hochschule Offenburg ein robotergestütztes mobiles Messsystem zur spektroskopischen Vermessung von Leichenflecken. Ziel des Gesamtprojekts ist die Charakterisierung von intravitalen und postmortalen Hautveränderungen auf der Basis reflektionsspektrometrischer Messungen an menschlicher Haut durch ein physikalisches Hautmodell. Projektleiter ist Prof. Dr. Michael Bohnert, Institut für Rechtsmedizin Freiburg, der den grundlegenden Anstoß zum Einsatz spektroskopisch aufgelöster Messungen der Färbung von Leichenflecken gab [1]. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum wurde dazu ein Modell für das optische Verhalten der Haut entwickelt [2]. Im Anschluss wurde insbesondere die Reoxygenierung der Leichenflecken bei gekühlter Lagerung untersucht [3]. Der Dokumentation der Messreihen liegt ein elektronisches Laborbuch zugrunde, das von der Servicegruppe Wissenschaftliche Informationsverarbeitung des Materialforschungszentrums entwickelt wurde [4]. Als problematisch erwies es sich, dass sich eine Messreihe über 50 bis 60 Stunden erstreckt und in der Regel nur zweimal täglich Handmessungen durchgeführt werden konnten, die zudem bei Raumtemperatur erfolgen mussten.
Die spektroskopische Beobachtung von postmortalen Hautveränderungen und insbesondere von Totenflecken ermöglicht potenziell eine genauere Bestimmung des Todeszeitpunkts oder der Todesursache (z. B. im Fall von CO-Vergiftungen). Für die grundlegende Charakterisierung dieser Veränderungen sind Langzeitbeobachtungen von Stunden oder gar Tagen wünschenswert.
Autonomous humanoid robots require light weight, high torque and high speed actuators to be able to walk and run. For conventional gears with a fixed gear ratio the product of torque and velocity is constant. On the other hand desired motions require maximum torque and speed. In this paper it is shown that with a variable gear ratio it is possible to vary the relation between torque and velocity. This is achieved by introducing systems of rods and levers to move the joints of our humanoid robot ”Sweaty II”. On the basis of a variable gear ratio low speed and high torque can be achieved for those joint angles, which require this motion mode, whereas high speed and low torque can be realized for those joint angles, where it is favorable for the desired motion.
The humanoid Sweaty was the finalist in this year’s robocup soccer championship(adult size). For the optimization of the gait and the stability, data concerning forces and torques in the ankle joints would be helpful. In the following paper the development of a six-axis force and torque sensor for the humanoid robot Sweaty is described. Since commercial sensors do not meet the demands for the sensors in Sweatys ankle joints, a new sensor was developed. As a measuring devices we used strain gauges and custom electronics based on an acam PS09. The geometry was analyzed with the FEM program ANSYS to get optimal dimensions for the measuring beams. In addition ANSYS was used to optimize the position for the strain gauges on the beam.
This paper describes the Sweaty II humanoid adult size robot trying to qualify for the RoboCup 2017 adult size humanoid competition. Sweaty came 2nd in RoboCup 2016 adult size league. The paper describes the main characteristics of Sweaty that made this success possible, and improvements that have been made or are planned to be implemented for RoboCup 2017.